Characteristics of the fable donkey and nightingale. Ivan Krylov. Fable "Donkey and Nightingale". Donkey and nightingale
Krylov's Fable: Donkey and Nightingale
Donkey and nightingale - Krylov's fable- The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: "Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
"Fairly," he says, "it's not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.
- Category: Preparation for GIA
Time and history of creation, theme
The fable was written in February 1811. The creation of this fable was preceded by the following incident: one foreign nobleman, who invited Krylov to visit, asked him to read “two or three fables” to him, and then said: “This is good; but why don't you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?" “I don’t know how,” Krylov answered. The fabulist, touched to the quick, described this situation in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale".
Poetics, idea (morality)
As always in a fable, the main technique is allegory and antithesis. In addition, in this work of Krylov, each of the characters embodies symbolic qualities.
The nightingale personifies a person - a master of his craft, an artist, a professional. Bird singing is appreciated by everyone who hears it and who understands what talent is. With high skill, Krylov himself describes the art of singing the Nightingale. These lines prove that Krylov is not just a fabulist, he is a great poet. This is not traditional fable speech, but the language of an idyll:
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To the favorite and singer of Aurora:
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him And only sometimes,
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The donkey is the personification of a person who is not versed in art, who does not understand the subtleties of craftsmanship. But it is he who considers himself a connoisseur and connoisseur and considers it possible to evaluate the singing of the Nightingale. His verdict is peremptory: even the Rooster would have sung better. Krylov describes the absurdity of the situation. In the last line of the fable, he sums up: it is silly to undertake to judge something that you don’t even have an idea about. The author concludes: "God deliver us from such judges."
An unfair situation, when an ignoramus undertakes to judge things that are beyond his mind and taste, is offensively common. About this - the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" by Ivan Krylov.
Conflict
Contemporaries said that the poet was inspired to create a work by an incident from his life. A high-ranking nobleman, after listening to Krylov's artistic performance of fables, praised the writer, but scolded him for not taking an example from another author (who wrote much weaker than Krylov). Having thrown out his resentment in the fable, Ivan Andreevich nevertheless managed to create an illustration of a typical disagreement between an undeniably talented creator and an ignorant, but self-confident critic. The conflict is doomed to be eternal. His multiple projection into our lives came true with the onset of times when "the cook began to rule the state." Creators who have experienced moments of agonizing bewilderment, when influential people patted them condescendingly on the shoulder, speaking frankly stupid things about their works, are gratified to see the allegorical depiction of this collision as it is represented by the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".
Artistic media
The author generously uses to depict the characters, the style of speech of the heroes, the description of the absurdity of the situation. First of all, opposition comes into play. The donkey, the personification of stubbornness and stupidity, contrasts with the Nightingale, a symbol of inspiration and poetry. The rough speech of the Donkey immediately reveals his uncouth and ambitious nature. He addresses the Nightingale in a simple way: friend, craftsman ... The donkey heard about the charming singing of the Nightingale, but doubts: "... is it really great ... skill?" Nightingale's answer - heavenly singing - delights everything around. The noun "skill" used by the Donkey is opposed to the art shown by the Nightingale.
The author offers a cascade of verbs reinforcing each other, conveying a uniquely beautiful trill: “clicked”, “whistled”, “shimmered”, “pulled”, “gently weakened”, “given a flute”, “scattered like a shot”. The fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" draws the complete harmony that arises in nature and in the souls of people from the song of the Nightingale. No wonder the author uses high vocabulary here: everything listened to the pet, calmed down, the herds lay down. There is a pastoral motive. The story reaches its climax when the shepherd listens to the Nightingale "breathing a little". As soon as the song stops, the Donkey throws his ponderous assessment: “Pretty much!” Krylov multiplies the satirical effect by describing how the "profound" critic reacts to the quivering art of the singer: stupidly "staring at the ground with his forehead." To him, the Nightingale is just "you can listen without boredom." And of course, he considers himself a great connoisseur, so he believes that his duty is to teach. The donkey importantly remarks, inserting here the colloquial word "pricked up", that the Nightingale would sing better if he "learned a little" from the rooster. The moral of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is expressed in a short and capacious phrase: "Deliver us, God, from such judges." And in fact, a false donkey authority is a big obstacle in the way of art, designed to ennoble life.
Krylov's fable "Donkey and Nightingale" in notes
The plot of Krylov's story inspired Russian composers to create works of the same name on this theme. Dmitri Shostakovich in his work "Two Fables by I. Krylov" with extraordinary expression conveyed in melodic language the clash of the characters' life positions. Rimsky-Korsakov's romance to the words of a popular fable is also very expressive.
Incompetence, inertness, lack of tact, inability to subtle spiritual impulses - these are the qualities that the Donkey and the Nightingale fable makes fun of, or rather, its author, a brilliant publicist, poet and translator Ivan Andreevich Krylov.
I. S. Turgenev wrote: “From childhood, Krylov was a typical Russian person all his life: his way of thinking, views, feelings and all his writings were truly Russian, and it can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov’s fables, will have a clearer idea of the Russian national character than if he reads a lot of writings that treat this subject.
In this lesson, you will learn about another vice of Russian society, exposed by the great fabulist.
The fable, which will be discussed, was written more than a hundred years ago, but has not lost its relevance to this day.
Rice. 1. O. A. Kiprensky. “Portrait of I.A. Krylova", 1816 ()
The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov (Fig. 1): “Some nobleman (according to some - Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A.N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of imp. Maria Feodorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps sincerely wanting to make acquaintance with him, invited him to his place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The grandee listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: “That’s good, but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I don’t know how,” the poet replied modestly. And so the conversation ended. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured out his bile in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." Kenevich V.F. From "Bibliographic and historical notes to Krylov's fables"
After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale". This nickname has entered the literature.
Let's turn to the text of the fable.
Donkey and Nightingale (Fig. 2)
Rice. 2. Frame from the animated film based on the fables of I.A. Krylov "In the world of fables" ()
The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To the favorite and singer of Aurora:
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, the shepherdess smiled
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;
“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.
Deliver us, God, from such judges.
Vladislav Feofilovich Kenevich, a contemporary and the first systematic researcher of Krylov’s literary activity, wrote in Bibliographic and Historical Notes to Krylov’s Fables: “It is known that Krylov was incomparably stricter with himself than his readers: he rewrote the same fable many times , every time he reworked it and was satisfied only when there was not a single word left in it, which, as he put it, "got boring to him." That is why we can say that every word in the fable of I.A. Krylova carries a certain semantic load.
So, there are two key images in the fable: the Donkey and the Nightingale.
What words and expressions does the fabulist use to create the image of the Donkey? Let's turn to the dictionary.
"Buddy"- a familiar address to a friend (note that the Nightingale was not a friend of the Donkey, which makes his address even more familiar and careless, which allows us to conclude that the Donkey was bad manners).
Next is the word "master" seems to convey admiration. A master is a master, a virtuoso in his field, and even in superlatives. But consonance with the word "buddy", and even the obvious tautology "great master" again characterizes the Donkey negatively, testifying to his ignorance.
TAUTOLOGY(from the Greek tauto - "the same" and logos - "word, concept") - the repetition of the same thing in different words. As a stylistic device, it belongs to the genus of pleonasm (excess).
"Considerably",- says the Donkey, after listening to the singing of the Nightingale. "Fairly" means "significantly, excellently." However, in explanatory dictionaries, this word is always accompanied by the mark “colloquial”, which means “colloquial”. The same can be said for words. "staring" and "pricked up".
Participial turnover "staring at the ground forehead" reminds us of donkey stubbornness. And immediately after him - the advice to "learn a little" singing from a rooster, which, judging by the pronoun "ours", is a close friend of the Donkey. And now let's remember the famous proverb: "Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are." The limited rooster is the friend of the same ignorant Donkey.
The image of the Donkey makes the reader laugh. Such an image is called COMIC.
By what artistic means does Krylov convey the beauty and charm of the Nightingale's singing?
The Nightingale's singing is reminiscent of a whole concert. For this, Krylov uses a number of homogeneous members: verbs “snapped”, “whistled”, “given”, “crumbled”. As well as a comparison with a flute, a metaphor "scattered like small shots", epithet "languid" flute.
The singing of the Nightingale produces a wonderful effect on all who hear it. He charmed everyone with his singing. He brought peace to nature and people's lives: “the breezes subsided”, “the birds fell silent”, “the herds of animals lay down”, “the shepherd admired the singing”.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora ...
AURORA- the goddess of the morning dawn (ancient Roman mythology).
Let us pay attention to one detail: the Nightingale does not speak at all, only sings, by this the author shows that the ignorant (colloquial and colloquial) is alien to this hero, unlike the Donkey, who constantly says something, while using mostly colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.
The author uses the technique antitheses, contrasting the Nightingale, a master of his craft, a true singer of nature, who enchants with his singing, and the Donkey, stupid, ignorant, ill-mannered, who understands nothing in real art.
ANTITHESIS- a stylistic device based on a sharp opposition of concepts and images.
The fable describes a situation that often occurs in real life. Someone self-confident and ignorant undertakes to judge about what he has no idea about.
The moral of the fable lies in the words: "God deliver us from such judges." Using the technique of allegory, the fabulist conveys to his reader the idea that if real art is often judged by those who do not understand anything about it, like the Donkey, then true masters, like the Nightingale, have a hard time.
MORALITY- this is an instructive conclusion from the main narrative, which is given at the beginning or at the end of the fable.
ALLEGORY- allegory - the image of an abstract concept through a specific image.
The fable "Donkey and Nightingale" was written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov more than a hundred years ago, but still has not lost its relevance, because such stupid judges as Donkey can be found in life in our time.
- Krylov's fables [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http: ().
- Librarian.RU. Writers of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Ivan Krylov. 1769-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Krylov Ivan Andreevich [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Memoirs of Contemporaries [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Russian literature of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. 1760-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Homework
- Prepare for an expressive reading of I.A. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale".
- * Create an illustration for I.A. Krylov's "Donkey and Nightingale", using some methods of creating comic Images. For example grotesque (exaggeration): the huge head of the Donkey, as a sign of a "big" mind, but an exaggeratedly small figure of the Nightingale, emphasizing that its significance is not in appearance, but in the ability to sing. Or detail. For example, Donkey has glasses that he does not need, because he sees perfectly without them, so he does not look into his glasses, but over them.
- * Suppose that the Donkey, because of his stubbornness, nevertheless decided to introduce the Nightingale to his friend the Rooster and wrote about it in a letter. The nightingale is well-mannered and polite, so he answers the letter of the Donkey. A small correspondence begins. Come up with this correspondence (keep the features of the speech of each of the characters).
Donkey and nightingale drawing
Read text online
The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: "Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
"Fairly," he says, "it's not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.
Moral of Ivan Krylov's fable Donkey and nightingale
God save us from such judges
Morality in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the fable The donkey and the nightingale
It is impossible to judge without knowing the case. You can not listen to judges who do not understand the issue or are simply stupid. Sometimes it is impossible to correctly assess an event or act if all the circumstances are unknown.
The donkey met the nightingale and asked him to sing. He sang and was beautiful. Everyone listened. But the donkey advised him to learn from the rooster. The nightingale flew away.
Analysis of the fable The donkey and the nightingale, the heroes of the fable
The main characters of the fable are the donkey and the nightingale. The fable starts right off the bat. Each of the characters is an indicator of opposite qualities.
Nightingale- This is a beautifully singing bird. Everyone loves his singing. His voice is given by nature. In the form of a nightingale, Krylov shows a man who is a master of his craft. The nightingale is proud of his voice, because everyone who hears his singing highly appreciates his talent. Krylov chose words well to describe the situation around the nightingale, as well as the reactions of other animals.
At donkey on the contrary, there is neither hearing nor voice. Despite this, he believes that he has the right to evaluate the talent of the nightingale. Due to the fact that he does not have an ear for music, he says that even a rooster would sing better. By comparing the nightingale and the rooster, this makes us even more convinced how stupid the donkey is. By this he offends the nightingale, because everyone admires his singing. Comparing the nightingale and the rooster, the donkey thus shows that he has no idea about the real art of singing.
In the role of a donkey, on the contrary, a person who has no idea about this craft. Despite the fact that the donkey does not understand anything in singing, he tells the nightingale that he does not sing well. Often this happens among people. A person who does not understand anything in the profession tells the master what and how to do. In this fable, the donkey is portrayed as an ignoramus.
The meaning of the fable is that often people who are not versed in some profession give advice to masters. They criticize and point out that they are doing something wrong. But after all, the same professional as this person can give real criticism. In this case, a professional is a nightingale. And only nightingales like him can give criticism.
The author ridicules the donkey's disrespect for the nightingale. He makes it clear that you can not judge someone if you yourself do not understand this. But after all, it is not only about them, but also about ordinary people. The same thing happens to people in everyday life.
Before judging someone, you need to think about whether you can do it yourself. If a person has no idea about this craft, then he cannot judge it either.
This will require proving that a judgmental person cannot do something like a professional. In this case, if the nightingale asked the donkey to sing the same way, then naturally he would not be able to. Thus, he would be able to prove that the donkey has no right to judge his singing.
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