April crisis. April crisis April crisis of government power reasons
The July crisis of 1917 was the result of deep political, socio-economic and national contradictions that worsened in our country after the fall of the autocracy. The latter circumstance led to the fact that representatives of monarchist movements left the political arena, and a struggle for power developed in the government. The unsuccessful offensives of the Russian army at the front led to a worsening of the situation, which contributed to new internal disasters.
Prerequisites
The July crisis of 1917 erupted as a result of accumulated contradictions between various groups that fought for influence in the cabinet. Until June of this year, the leading position was occupied by which, however, quickly left the political arena. The Octobrists and Progressives could not stay at the helm of government. But despite this, the remaining groups continued to fight.
The championship passed to the Socialist Revolutionaries, who supported and advocated an alliance with the Cadets. Another influential group were the Mensheviks, who were not a homogeneous force. However, they also advocated an alliance with the temporary government and the bourgeoisie. Both parties were inclined to the need to wage the war to a victorious end. The reasons for the July crisis of 1917 were that there was no agreement at the top of the government regarding the future fate of the country and its continued participation in hostilities.
Bolshevik participation
This party demanded that power be given to the soviets. The Bolsheviks were the only force that opposed the Provisional Government and demanded Russia's withdrawal from the war. They became especially active after Lenin returned to the country in April of the year in question.
A few months later, mass demonstrations under Bolshevik slogans took place in Petrograd. The demonstrators demanded Russia's withdrawal from the war and the transfer of power to their local cells. The July crisis of 1917 began in the first days of the month. In response, the government ordered the shooting of the protesters and also issued an arrest warrant for the Bolshevik leaders.
Accusations
The party was accused of carrying out subversive work in the country with German money and deliberately organizing an armed uprising against the official authorities.
Regarding this problem, two points of view have been established among scientists. Some researchers believe that Lenin actually enjoyed the support of Germany, which was interested in the military defeat of Russia. Other historians argue that there is no basis for such a conclusion.
So that the reader can get at least some idea of how and in what sequence the events unfolded, we have placed brief information on this topic in a table.
| date | Event |
| July 3-4 | The beginning of mass protests in Petrograd under Bolshevik slogans for Russia's exit from the war and the transfer of power to the Soviets. Government order to shoot demonstrators, armed clashes that resulted in several deaths. The government and the Petrograd Soviet accused the Bolsheviks of attempting a coup. |
| July 8 | An order to arrest the Bolsheviks, proclaiming them German spies, and accusing them of political rebellion. The party goes underground. |
| July 10 | Article provision", in which he announced the end of the peaceful stage of the revolution, its transition to counter-revolution, as well as the end of dual power in the country. |
| July 24 | The formation of a new government led by the Socialist Revolutionary Kerensky, who began to pursue a centrist policy in order to reconcile the interests of the fighting factions, which ended in failure. |
| August 12-14 | The Moscow State Conference, at which an attempt was made to reconcile the parties, however, the Bolsheviks declared a boycott, and others relied on armed force in the person of General Kornilov. |
However, there is a hypothesis that the July crisis of 1917 was a provocation of the government itself in order to have a reason to blame the Bolsheviks for Be that as it may, the party went underground after these events.
Consequences
These events led to serious political changes in the country. At the end of the month, a new one was formed, headed by the Socialist Revolutionary Kerensky. In this way, the official government tried to reconcile the interests of various political groups.
The new leader tried to maneuver between groups, but he failed to achieve at least some stability in the country. The July crisis of 1917, the results of which led to the fact that the Bolsheviks took a course towards, became the reason for a new military uprising, which almost led to the fall of the government.
We are talking about the speech of General Kornilov. His rebellion was suppressed with the help of the Bolsheviks, whose position was significantly strengthened after this incident, which made it easier for them to come to power in October of that year.
Results
The July crisis of 1917 greatly contributed to the success of the coup. The table given in this review shows the main chronology of events. After the shooting of the demonstrators, Lenin wrote a new work in which he announced that the peaceful stage of the revolution had come to an end. Thus, he justified the need for an armed overthrow of power. Another important result of the crisis was the elimination of dual power in the country. This was due to the Bolsheviks going underground. The problem of the country's participation in the war remained one of the most pressing issues.
Meaning
The July crisis of 1917 showed the weakness of the Provisional Government and its inability to solve the problems of the country's development. Subsequent events further strengthened the influence of the Bolsheviks, who easily seized power just a few months later. Therefore, the mutiny in question should be considered the penultimate in a series of crises that shook the supreme power in the summer of the mentioned year.
The April crisis of 1917 in brief
The overthrow of the autocracy only calmed the masses for a while. The country was still in deep crisis. Very soon we encountered insoluble problems, which led to the April Crisis.
Reasons and reason for the April crisis
One of the main reasons that led the country to the February Revolution was the First World War. The overwhelming majority of the population persistently demanded an end to the war.
Many associated the onset of the long-awaited peace with the Provisional Government that came to power. But on March 6, 1917, a number of additions appeared in the government program. In one of them, the government stated that one of the main tasks remains to bring the war to a victorious end.
The situation was complicated by the fact that there was dual power in the country. Formally, power belonged to the Provisional Government, but in fact - to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. The majority were Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. The position of the Petrograd Soviet in the eyes of ordinary soldiers looked preferable. On March 14, he issued the Manifesto “To the Peoples of the World,” in which it was announced that Russia was waging a purely defensive war.
The Manifesto contained an appeal to all countries, calling for the immediate conclusion of a peace treaty without annexations and indemnities. The Provisional Government was forced to agree to this demand in the Declaration on Russia's goals in the war, published on March 27, in which it repeated the provisions of the Manifesto in streamlined and cautious formulations. But the Council demanded that this statement be conveyed to the allies. In addition, P. N. Milyukov did not sign the Declaration.
April crisis
Russia's allies were alarmed by the escalating struggle between the government and the Soviet. Miliukov's verbal assurances about Russia's loyalty to its allied duty could not reassure the foreign ambassadors. On April 18, Miliukov's Note was sent to the allies. Two days later it was published in the "Bulletin of the Provisional Government". Contrary to the expectations of the people, Miliukov assured the allies that Russia adheres to all obligations and will continue the war until victory.
This publication was met with great indignation. It caused the greatest fury among the soldiers, who believed that peace was practically concluded. Cases of desertion and refusal to carry out orders became a widespread phenomenon. Immediately after the Note appeared in print, a large crowd of armed soldiers gathered in front of the residence of the Provisional Government (Mariinsky Palace), persistently demanding the resignation of the ministers.
The Petrograd Soviet took a wait-and-see attitude. Not daring to take power into their own hands, members of the Council supported the demand for the resignation of Miliukov and Guchkov. The Bolsheviks launched active propaganda activities. They directly called for the overthrow of the Provisional Government. Lenin admitted that the uprising was spontaneous, and the Bolsheviks only joined it. However, one of the main organizers of the performance is known.
Volunteer F. F. Linde was the first to lead the Finnish regiment onto the street, which was soon joined by other soldiers. After lunch, workers' demonstrations were organized throughout Petrograd. Among the demands for the resignation of ministers, slogans appeared: “Down with the Provisional Government.” This appeal came entirely from the Bolsheviks. The demonstrators remained at the Mariinsky Palace until the evening, until representatives of the Petrograd Soviet arrived and persuaded the soldiers to disperse.
Members of the government and the Council gathered at an emergency evening meeting. After a long discussion, it was decided to publish clarifications regarding Miliukov’s Note. On April 21, the capital was flooded with crowds of people who demanded the transfer of all power to the Petrograd Soviet. They were opposed by the defenders of the Provisional Government. Riots and armed clashes began. Troops were deployed against the demonstrators, but the soldiers refused to carry out the order. A real threat has emerged.
According to Guchkov’s memoirs, the Provisional Government was subordinate to only “three and a half thousand reliable troops against more than one hundred thousand soldiers of the rest of the garrison.” The majority of the Petrograd Soviet did not want to escalate the conflict. After discussing the explanations of Miliukov's Note, a resolution of confidence in the Provisional Government was adopted. At several general meetings, ways out of the crisis were discussed.
The meeting on April 24 is considered decisive. It was decided to create a coalition government with the participation of socialists. On April 30, Guchkov resigned. Miliukov tried to retain his post for some time, but on May 3 he also resigned all powers. Two days later, a coalition government was formed (10 representatives of bourgeois parties, 6 socialists).
Results of the April crisis
The April government crisis led to the formation of a new government. The resignation of two influential ministers and the coming to power of the socialists calmed the masses for some time. But the main cause of the crisis was not eliminated. The war continued and threatened new, even more serious shocks.
the political crisis of power in Russia, which arose shortly after the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, caused by irreconcilable contradictions between the masses and the imperialist bourgeoisie. It began spontaneously after it became known on April 20 (May 3) that Foreign Minister P. N. Milyukov addressed the Allied Powers on April 18 (May 1) with a note about the readiness of the Provisional Government to continue the war until victory. In Petrograd, the Finnish, Moscow, 180th regiments, part of the 2nd Baltic Fleet crew approached the Mariinsky Palace - the residence of the Provisional Government. In total, more than 15 thousand people gathered. The soldiers put forward the slogan: “Down with Milyukov!” On April 21 (May 4), at the call of the Bolsheviks, about 100 thousand workers and soldiers went out to demonstrate demanding peace and the transfer of power to the Soviets. A small group of “leftists” from the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP (b) put forward the slogan “Down with the Provisional Government!”, which meant a call for an armed overthrow of the government. The Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) on April 22 (May 5) adopted a resolution by V.I. Lenin condemning this slogan as adventurist, since there were no objective conditions for an armed uprising then. Counter-revolutionary elements led by the Cadets organized counter-demonstrations under the slogan “Trust in the Provisional Government!” There were clashes with reactionaries, and there were casualties. The bourgeois press accused the Bolsheviks of preparing a civil war. The commander-in-chief of the Petrograd Military District, General L. G. Kornilov, ordered artillery to be deployed against the workers, but the soldiers and officers did not obey. Protest demonstrations took place in Moscow, Revel, Vyborg and other cities.
Events showed that the bourgeois Provisional Government had neither support among the masses nor sufficient military strength. Under these conditions, “The Soviets could (and should have) taken power into their own hands without the slightest resistance from anyone” (V.I. Lenin, Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 34, p. 63). But the conciliatory majority of the Council entered into a direct conspiracy with the bourgeoisie. The Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik Executive Committee of the Council promised support to the Provisional Government if an “explanation” of Miliukov’s note was published. On the evening of April 21 (May 4), the Petrograd Council discussed the “clarification” received from the government and recognized the “incident as settled.” A.K. discovered the collapse of the policy of “control” over the Provisional Government by the compromising Soviets. To save the situation, the bourgeoisie began to maneuver. Ministers Milyukov and A.I. Guchkov, hated by the masses, were removed from the government. The first coalition government, announced on May 6 (19), included, along with the Cadets, the leaders of the Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks V. M. Chernov, A. F. Kerensky, I. G. Tsereteli, M. I. Skobelev. The crisis of power was temporarily eliminated, but the causes of its occurrence were not eliminated (see June crisis of 1917, July days of 1917).
Lit.: Lenin V.I., Note of the Provisional Government, Complete. collection cit., 5th ed., vol. 31; him. Resolution of the central committee of the RSDLP (b), adopted on April 21. 1917, ibid.; him. Crazy capitalists or idiots of social democracy?, ibid.; his, Conscientious defencism shows itself, in the same place; his, Resolution of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), adopted on the morning of April 22. 1917, ibid.; him. Attention comrades!, ibid.; his, Lessons of the Crisis, ibid.; him. Stupid gloating, ibid.; his, “The Crisis of Power,” ibid., vol. 32; him. Three crises, ibid.; his, To Slogans, ibid., vol. 34; him. Lessons of the revolution, ibid.; The revolutionary movement in Russia in April 1917. The April crisis. Documents and materials, M., 1958; Tokarev Yu. S., April crisis, 1917, Leningrad, 1967; History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, vol. 3, M., 1967, p. 64-69.
Yu. S. Tokarev.
- - village of Magdagachi district, in the upper reaches of the river. Ulungi. Basic in 1937. The name comes from the fact that the first gold mining here began in April...
Toponymic Dictionary of the Amur Region
- - The April March group originated in 1986 in Sverdlovsk. The group took the stage on June 22 of the same year, when the first Sverdlovsk rock festival took place...
Small Encyclopedia of Russian Rock
- - July crisis, - third politician. crisis in Russia in the period from February to October, caused by irreconcilable contradictions between the aspirations of the people. masses to peace and power of the Soviets and imperialists. politics...
- - the second crisis in Russia in the period from February to October, caused by irreconcilable contradictions between the masses and the imperialist. bourgeoisie on issues of peace and land, the fight against economic. devastation...
Soviet historical encyclopedia
- - Russian economist. In his book The Basic Elements of Political Economy...
Dictionary of business terms
- - demonstration of protest by workers and soldiers of Petrograd on April 20-21 against the anti-people policy of the bourgeois Provisional Government of Russia. See April crisis of 1917...
- - a political crisis of power in Russia, which arose shortly after the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, caused by irreconcilable contradictions between the masses and the imperialist bourgeoisie...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - the July political crisis, the third and the June crisis of 1917) in Russia in the period from the February bourgeois-democratic revolution to the Great October Socialist Revolution...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - see July days 1917...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - second) the political crisis in Russia in the period from February to October: one of the stages of the growing national crisis...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- - APRIL Crisis of 1917 - political crisis in Russia after the February Revolution. Arose in connection with the publication on April 20 of the commitment of the Provisional Government to continue the war...
Large encyclopedic dictionary
- - APRIL, -i, m. The fourth month of the calendar year. April first...
Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
- - April adj. 1. ratio with noun April, associated with it 2. Peculiar to April, characteristic of it. 3. Taking place in April...
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova
- - Apr"...
Russian spelling dictionary
- - From the song “Spring is Coming”, written by composer Isaac Dunaevsky to the verses of the poet Mikhail Davidovich Volpin for the film “Spring” directed by Grigory Alexandrov...
Dictionary of popular words and expressions
- - ...
Word forms
"April Crisis 1917" in books
April day (“April day is radiant and bright...”)
From the book Tenderer than the Sky. Collection of poems author Minaev Nikolay NikolaevichApril day (“April day is radiant and bright...”) April day is radiant and bright, The streams run headlong, murmuring; Yesterday I noticed a rook in a tree for the first time in the garden. Steam rises from the wet roof and from the loose, thawed fields, and the sun gets higher and warmer every day
APRIL CRISIS
From the book Lavr Kornilov author Fedyuk Vladimir PavlovichTHE APRIL CRISIS By mid-April 1917, the Russian Revolution was already a month and a half old. All this time the celebrations and rejoicing did not stop. But gradually the protracted holiday began to give the impression of a painful binge, in which the
271. April Thunder
From book 365. Dreams, fortune telling, signs for every day author Olshevskaya Natalya271. April thunder The first thunder is a sign of approaching warmth. It will strike in April when the snow is still intact - get ready for a cold summer, it rang out in the morning - the summer will be halfway through (moderate). If thunder occurs at noon with a south wind, the summer will be warm and
The Long Crisis (1917)
From the book Spain. History of the country by Lalaguna JuanThe Long Crisis (1917) The First World War proved to be a good stimulus for Spanish industry, which supplied goods to both rival sides. Increased export volumes led to higher retail prices in the local market, and the income of the poor was reduced to nothing
9. 1914-1917: Food crisis
From the book Three Revolutions [draft of the book The Great Russian Revolution, 1905-1922] author Lyskov Dmitry Yurievich9. 1914-1917: Food crisis We know about the food crisis that broke out during the First World War in Russia mainly as about interruptions in the supply of bread in large cities, mainly in the capital, in February 1917. Were there similar
Chapter VIII Crisis (February - April 1917)
From the book German Submarine War 1914–1918. by Richard GibsonChapter XXXV THE CRISIS OF THE UNION, THE CRISIS OF ELECTION RIGHTS AND THE CRISIS OF DEFENSE (1905–1914)
From the book History of Sweden author Andersoon IgvarCHAPTER XXXV UNION CRISIS, SELECTION CRISIS AND DEFENSE CRISIS (1905-1914) In the spring of 1905, after the negotiations for the union ended in failure, Prime Minister Boström resigned for the second time. He was succeeded by Johan Ramstedt, a capable official, but lacking
Chapter 10 Crisis of power. February 1917
From the book The Emperor Who Knew His Fate. And Russia, which did not know... author Romanov Boris SemenovichChapter 10 Crisis of power. February 1917 I will not talk in detail about the course of the First World War. Let me just remind you that in Russia until 1917 it was called the Second Patriotic War or the Great War. That by 1917 the Russian army confidently held a huge front. What in January 1917 on
2.2. April crisis
From the book Russia in 1917-2000. A book for everyone interested in Russian history author Yarov Sergey Viktorovich2.2. The April Crisis The allies clearly felt this, demanding that Russia more clearly state the goals of the war. As a result of their pressure, after careful and lengthy consideration, the Provisional Government decided to send a note to the Ministry on April 18, 1917
Chapter I. The April crisis and the formation of a coalition government
From the book Crisis of Power author Tsereteli Irakli GeorgievichChapter I. The April crisis and the formation of a coalition
APRIL MARCH
From the book Russian Rock. Small encyclopedia author Bushueva SvetlanaAPRIL MARCH The April March group originated in 1986 in Sverdlovsk. The group took the stage on June 22 of the same year, when the first Sverdlovsk rock festival took place. Already at that moment the group demonstrated its distinctive identity. Their musical style concluded
April crisis
From the book 100 Great Events of the 20th Century author Nepomnyashchiy Nikolai NikolaevichThe April crisis Only until April the Provisional Government maintained relative stability, but the lack of fundamental reforms led to a sharp increase in the discontent of the people, which was clearly felt by the Bolsheviks, who intensified their agitation among the masses. On the night of
April crisis 1917
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AP) by the author TSBJuly crisis 1917
TSBJune crisis 1917
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (IU) by the author TSBCOMPOSITION AND CRISES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
The policy of the Provisional Government and its crises.
A revolution is a successful effort to end a bad government in order to get an even worse one.
Policy of the Provisional Government:
· Introduction of a full list of democratic freedoms.
· Russia's continued participation in the war.
· Proclamation of the Republic.
· Adoption of democratic electoral legislation.
· Abolition of the death penalty for political crimes.
· Delaying the solution to the agrarian issue.
· Periodic postponement of elections to the Constituent Assembly.
· After an unsuccessful offensive at the front, the death penalty for war crimes in the war zone was restored.
· Introduction of military revolutionary courts.
The first composition of the government (March 2–May 2, 1917) : – Cadets, Octobrists, progressives, non-party people. Chairman - Prince G. E. Lvov.
Causes of the April crisis: note from P.N. Milyukov to the allies on the continuation of Russia’s participation in the war. Caused discontent among the soldiers who wanted peace.
Progress of the crisis:
o 27.III (9.IV).1917– Declaration of the government on Russia’s fidelity to its allied obligations.
o 20.IV(3.V).1917– In response to the note, spontaneous protests began under the slogan “ Down with the war!!!”.
o 5(18).V.1917– A new coalition government has been formed.
Results of the crisis:
1. The most famous supporters of continuing the war (P.N. Milyukov and A.I. Guchkov) left the government.
2. Creation of a bloc of liberal parties (Cadets and Octobrists) with moderate socialists (Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries).
The first coalition government ( May 2–July 2, 1917 ) – Cadets, Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks. Chairman – Prince G. E. Lvov.
July crisis (July 1917) – Disagreements in the government, unsuccessful offensive at the front.
o July 3–4, 1917– The demonstration of workers, soldiers and sailors is an attempt by the Bolsheviks to seize power.
Results of the crisis: elimination of dual power, repressions against the Bolsheviks, VI Congress RSDLP(b) - the party is heading for an armed uprising.
Second coalition ( July 3–August 28, 1917 ) - Cadets, Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks. Chairman of the Government – A. F. Kerensky .
August crisis (August 25–31, 1917) – Speech by the General L. G. Kornilova who wanted to establish a military dictatorship, suppress the revolutionary movement, and wage war to a victorious end .
However, the Provisional Government united with all revolutionary forces, including the Bolsheviks, to eliminate the military rebellion .
Results of the August crisis:
· Arrest of General L.G. Kornilov and his associates.
· Strengthening the position of the Bolsheviks and the beginning of the Bolshevization of the Soviets.
· Paralysis of power.
Third coalition government ( August 28–October 25, 1917 ) - Cadets, Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks. Chairman – A.F. Kerensky.
October crisis- Seizure of power by the Bolsheviks.
LECTURE THREE.
February Revolution of 1917. The fall of the autocracy.
Reasons for the revolution:
1. growing economic crisis(food crisis of winter 1917...)
2. growing internal political crisis:
- “ministerial leapfrog”
-strike and anti-war movement
- unrest in the army and navy
3. unresolved agrarian, labor and national issues
4. unsuccessful course of the war for Russia
Progress of the revolution:
ü February 23-25, 1917 ode (the beginning of the revolution) - a general strike in Petrograd (the strike that began at the Putilov plant covered most of the enterprises; during the strike, economic demands were replaced by political ones: “Down with the Tsar!”, “Down with the war!”, “Long live the Republic!”).
ü February 26, 1917—troops went over to the side of the strikers (the troops of the Petrograd garrison went over).
a) Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (the Council included about 250 deputies, mostly Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, only a few Bolsheviks).
b) Temporary Committee of the IV State Duma (VKGD) - created to restore
state of order and creation of a new government
ü March 1, 1917 .-"Order No. 1" Petrograd Soviet on the democratization of the army: the role of officers was reduced to a minimum and not a single order could be adopted without its discussion in the soldiers' committee.
ü March 2, 1917 - abdication of the throne by Nicholas II for himself and his son Alexei in favor of his younger brother Mikhail.
ü March 2, 1917 - The Provisional Committee of the IV State Duma, by agreement with the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, formed the Provisional Government.
ü March 3, 1917 - Michael’s renunciation of the throne, declaring that he agreed to accept it only by decision of the Constituent Assembly.
Results of the revolution(character: bourgeois-democratic)
Elimination of the monarchy in Russia
Possibility of democratic development of the country
The emergence of dual power
LECTURE 66. Dual power. The Bolsheviks came to power.
During the February revolution, dual power was established in the country.
Dual power (March 1917 - July 3-4, 1917) is a system of governance that emerged during the February Revolution and was expressed in the simultaneous existence of two opposing authorities.
DUAL POWER
PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT, PETROGRAD COUNCIL
i.e. until the convening of the Constituent Assembly, WORKERS AND SOLDIERS
which should resolve the issue DEPUTIES
on the form of government in Russia (chapter - Prince Lvov)(Socialist Revolutionary-Menshevik)
& Real power was in the hands of the Petrograd Soviet, which relied on the armed support of the people. In fact, the Provisional Government was in power. Not a single order of the Provisional Government was carried out without the sanction of the Petrograd Soviet. Dual power was inevitably going to lead to new political crises.
The Provisional Government failed to resolve the main issues: food issue and agricultural. Although a grain monopoly was introduced, the peasants refused to hand over grain to the state at a fixed price. The government had neither the strength nor the determination to forcibly confiscate grain and suppress the resistance of the peasants. The peasants did not want to wait for the agrarian question to be resolved by the Constituent Assembly, and the Provisional Government never took serious steps in this direction.
The provisional government tried to carry out democratic changes: in March 1917, a decree on political amnesty was signed, a decree on the abolition of the death penalty, and the establishment of an 8-hour working day was envisaged. It pledged to bring labor legislation in line with European legislation.
The collapse of the army continued. According to “Order No. 1” on the democratization of the army (issued by the Petrograd Soviet), soldiers’ committees controlled the officers. This introduced rallies into the army and undermined unity of command. The address to officers “your honor” was abolished. It is forbidden for officers to address soldiers on a first name basis. Soldiers were allowed to participate in political organizations. All these measures, designed to democratize the army, led to a decline in discipline and the disintegration of the armed forces.
April crisis of the provisional government.
The most difficult issue for the Provisional Government was the question of peace. Bourgeois circles insisted on continuing the war until a victorious end.
In April, Foreign Minister Miliukov addressed a note to the allies, promising that Russia would fight until victory (“Milyukov’s Note” - April 1917 ). When the information hit the newspapers, mass demonstrations took place in Petrograd against the foreign policy of the Provisional Government. Miliukov resigned.
To overcome the crisis, it was formed first coalition government. Along with the Cadets, Octobrists and Progressives, it included 6 representatives of socialist parties (Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries). The government was again headed by Prince Lvov.
Loading...
