The child is bitten by all animals. When a child is incomprehensible: a child and animals, kindergarten and repetitive movements, angels and fears. Special attention for children

Life outside the city gives the child the opportunity to get in touch with nature. However, contact with some animals living in the forest can be dangerous.

and demand immediate assistance. Therefore, one must be able to assess situations - when it becomes an emergency, and when it is only a minor disorder, in which it is enough to apply an anesthetic.

Danger can lie in wait for a child in the city. A large number of stray cats and dogs often bite curious kids.

If your child has been bitten by any animal, the first question that arises is the possibility of rabies infection. The main carriers of the rabies virus are wild animals, especially foxes, bats, and raccoons. Also carriers of the rabies virus can be livestock, dogs and cats. Rabies is least common in squirrels, chipmunks, rats and mice.

Animals stricken with rabies behave very strangely, they can attack for no reason, they have

there is abundant foaming in the mouth.

For any animal bite, unless it is a domestic dog or cat, you should seek the help of a doctor who can determine whether rabies vaccination is necessary or can be dispensed with. If the bite was a domestic dog or cat, about which the owner can confidently say that they are completely healthy and they have received all the necessary preventive vaccinations, you can not go to the doctor.

However, in the case when a wound remains at the site of the bite, which must be sewn up and treated, the child must be shown to the doctor.

Your actions

An animal that has been given all the necessary vaccinations at one time is most likely healthy. However, you should

insist that the animal in any case be examined by its owner within 15 days for rabies. As a rule, most owners can be trusted, but if you have any doubts, you have the right to demand that the animal be examined by the appropriate specialists. If the animal that bit the child was infected with rabies, it is urgent to show the child to the doctor and immediately begin treatment.

The bite site must be thoroughly washed with soap and water and lubricated with a solution of iodine. After disinfecting the wound, apply sterile gauze and take the child to the hospital.

First of all, the doctor will decide on the need for vaccination or the use of rabies serum. An unprovoked bite from a wild animal or an attack by an animal infected with rabies may require both a vaccine and a serum. The size of the wound, as well as its location, greatly influence the physician's final decision. Bites on the head are especially dangerous.

If the animal that bit the child cannot be found, in this case, as a rule, vaccination is used. This is one of the most difficult moments in the treatment. Vaccination is performed daily for 14-21 days, followed by 10-20 revaccination sessions. Very often, such a vaccine causes local skin reactions, fever, chills, and pain. More serious body reactions to the vaccine are extremely rare.

Many doctors prescribe tetanus shots if the child has been vaccinated for a long time, because when bitten in

Rabies is a contagious disease that is common throughout the world. Rabies is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected animal through saliva containing a high concentration of the virus.

If a child has been bitten by a suspicious animal, including a wild one, after local treatment of the wound, it is necessary to introduce tetanus toxoid and rabies vaccine. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th and 90th days after the bite, along with a special anti-rabies gamma globulin.

Most often, people are bitten and scratched by domestic animals - cats, dogs. Extremely rarely they are attacked by wild animals (in areas of endemic rabies - foxes). The result of an animal attack is usually bitten-lacerated wounds or deep scratches, mainly on the face, head, limbs. Bites can result in systemic diseases, most commonly rabies and cat-scratch disease.

cat scratch disease

It is manifested by skin rashes and regional adenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes). Its causative agent is a small gram-negative bacillus that penetrates through damaged skin, accumulates in the walls of blood vessels, causing the so-called epithelial angiomatosis. 3–5 days after scratching, skin rashes appear, first erythematous, then in the form of desquamating papules (rarely pustules) 2–6 mm in diameter. After 2 weeks, hyperplasia and soreness of regional lymph nodes (axillary, submandibular, cervical, behind the ear) occur, and subsequently their necrosis with the formation of microabscesses. A general reaction can be observed in approximately half of the patients. It is manifested by moderate fever, impaired health, headaches, anorexia. Approximately in 2% of patients, the process is accompanied by encephalopathy and turns into a chronic systemic disease. In the vast majority of cases, the pathological process spontaneously regresses, and complete recovery occurs within 2–5 months.

As a treatment, as a rule, it is enough to prescribe local applications of antihistamines, and for pain syndrome - painkillers, opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, indomethacin, diclofenac). Antibiotic therapy is indicated for the appearance of widespread microabscesses of the lymph nodes.

Rabies virus

The bites of animals with rabies (an extremely severe viral disease) are of great danger. The rabies virus is excreted in the saliva of sick animals and enters the body of the victim from bites through a wound in the skin or mucous membrane. However, the neurotropic rabies virus can also penetrate mucous membranes and damaged skin, so if they come into contact with infected saliva, appropriate treatment is necessary. Most animal bites should be considered dangerous in the sense of being infected with rabies. at the time of the bite, the animal may not have external signs of the disease. In dogs, rabies is more often manifested by strong excitement, dilated pupils, and increased anxiety. The dog can run away from home, pounce without barking and bite people and animals, swallow various inedible objects. Strong salivation and vomiting are observed. Hydrophobia is not a mandatory symptom of the disease.

After a bite, the virus, along the course of the peripheral nerves, first penetrates into the spinal cord and brain, pathognomonically affecting the ammon horn (intracytoplasmic inclusions - Negri bodies appear in its neurons), and then from there it passes through the efferent nerve pathways into the salivary glands and saliva.

When assessing the risk of rabies infection, the following factors should be taken into account: the site of the bite and the severity of tissue damage, the time elapsed since the bite, and the condition of the bitten animal. The incubation period is usually 6–8 weeks, but may be shorter or much longer. Its duration is inversely proportional to the amount of virus that enters the body. When biting through clothing, much less viruses enter the wound than when biting bare skin. The more time has passed since the bite, the less time remains for effective treatment. An animal is considered rabid if there is no information about it. If the animal is killed, its corpse must be taken to a virological laboratory, where the presence of the rabies virus will be quickly detected using an immunofluorescent method. If an animal is captured, it should be observed without being killed. It is considered that at the time of the bite the animal was not rabid, if after 10 days it did not die.

The disease in humans begins with fever, headache and numbness of the bite site. This is followed by spasms of the respiratory muscles and muscles of the pharynx, provoked by attempts to drink (rabies). Some patients develop flaccid paralysis. Death occurs in 3-10 days from asphyxia, exhaustion and generalized convulsions.
Three complementary methods are currently used to prevent the development of rabies in animal bites:

• local wound treatment;
• passive immunization with human rabies immunoglobulin;
• inducing active immunity with the rabies vaccine.

First aid for bites

When providing first aid to a victim of an animal bite, one should not strive to immediately stop the bleeding, because. it helps to remove the animal's saliva from the wound. The wound is washed with soapy water, the skin around it is treated with an antiseptic solution (iodine alcohol solution, potassium permanganate solution, ethyl alcohol, etc.), and then a sterile bandage is applied. The victim is taken to a trauma center or other medical institution. The issue of vaccination against rabies is decided by the doctor.

Why are animal bites dangerous?

The greatest danger of infection is puncture wounds, i.e. those that usually remain after cat and human bites.
The source of rabies is infected dogs, cats, foxes, wolves, bats. Squirrels, rabbits and other rodents do not carry rabies.

The behavior of the bitten animal, if possible, should be monitored.
You need to see a doctor if:

• the child has many bites or heavy bleeding - you need to call emergency help;
• as a result of a bite, the child's skin is torn.

Infection prevention

Cleaning of the wound and adjacent skin is carried out immediately as first aid with improvised means. Watch for possible signs of infection (increasing redness, swelling, pain) for 24 to 48 hours. If there are signs of infection, call a doctor or take the child to an emergency room.

Medical treatment of bite sites consists in re-washing the wounds, treating them with a 20% soap solution, 1% benzalkonium chloride solution (rokkal). Particular attention should be paid to deep tissue punctures. They should be carefully passed with a swab moistened with an antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide solution, potassium permanganate solution). Suturing the bite site is contraindicated, as it contributes to the generalization of the process.

The introduction of human anti-rabies immunoglobulin is advisable for severe bites, when the incubation period may be too short for active immunity to develop after the course of vaccination. For the same reason, immunoglobulin is used in cases where the patient turned to the doctor late. It is administered at a dose of 20 IU / kg: 1/2 dose - intramuscularly, 1/2 - infiltrate around the wound. The anti-rabies vaccine is injected deep under the skin, 1 ml on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th and 90th day.

So, what should parents do first of all if their child is bitten by domestic or wild animals? First aid tactics involves first stopping the bleeding, if it is, of course, there. Next, you should treat the wound and put a bandage on it. Here I want to emphasize a few important points. Firstly, you need to thoroughly treat not only the wound itself, but also the place around it, where the saliva of the animal got into, with soapy water. This must be done even if the skin around is not externally affected. Secondly, before applying a bandage to the bitten place, you need to lubricate it with antibacterial ointment. And, thirdly, do not apply a bandage tightly, and you should not seal the wound with a band-aid.

Why is the wound inflicted by a wild animal so dangerous (the same danger lies in the wound caused by a domestic animal)? The fact is that after a bite there is a huge risk of infection of the child with bacteria, which in large numbers "live" in the saliva of the animal. So, among the most dangerous diseases that can be picked up from an animal, I would like to note tetanus and rabies.

Parents need to remember that if a child was bitten by an animal, breaking the skin (that is, there is a bitten wound), or the baby had a wound, and the saliva of the animal got there, this means that it is impossible to postpone going to a medical facility for any minute. There are, of course, a couple of cases when you can do without a doctor. For example, if a child was bitten by an animal that you are sure is clean and healthy (this may be a beloved pet that you yourself took for all vaccinations). Do not worry if the bite did not harm the skin of the child.

A number of the following cases require special attention and urgent medical attention:

1)the animal inflicted a wound in the neck, arms or face of the child;

2)if after the bite you saw some manifestations of infection of the wound with bacteria - that is, redness appeared, the bitten place was swollen, the pain increases, pus oozes from the wound, and the temperature rises;

3)if you know for sure that the baby was not vaccinated against tetanus; if you are in doubt whether this vaccination has been made, consult a doctor immediately).

Remember! Rabies is a very dangerous disease, it can be prevented by making the right vaccine, but if a person does get sick, he has no chance to survive. This fact alone is enough not to neglect the danger in case of a bite by stray or unfamiliar domestic animals.

Now let's say a little about the fact that a healthy pet will never just pounce on a person. That is, if your child approached a strange dog, started pulling its hair, sticking fingers in its nose or pulling on its ear, tried to take away food from it, took away a small puppy from its mother - in these cases there is a huge risk that the animal will attack the child who disturbed his peace. And you should not blame the animal - you need to carefully monitor that the child has less contact with other people's pets. But if the animal attacked suddenly, for no reason, this is already the first sign that it is most likely unhealthy. And the danger of getting something from such an animal is much greater than from a calm and non-aggressive one. Even if the animal that bit the child is small and seemingly harmless, it still poses a danger.

Wild animals are a special topic of conversation. And you need to start with the fact that not a single adequate animal will approach a person of its own free will, wagging its tail or expressing a general disposition. Therefore, if you are resting at the edge of the forest and you see that a small fox or badger is approaching you with ingratiating meekness, this is not a reason for joy, this is an occasion to run away and hide from the little animal. For she is undoubtedly sick, since she is looking for a meeting with her natural enemy - a man. A wild animal must be wild - it must be afraid and run away from you.

However, we also note that you cannot get rabies from a fish or, say, a turtle - since only warm-blooded animals are susceptible to this disease.

So, as you already understood, if during a walk your child was attacked by an animal that you see for the first time, if it inflicted a bitten wound and disappeared, you should immediately run to the doctor. By the way, doctors also advise to observe the bitten animal, if you have such an opportunity. However, this does not mean that you do not need to go to the hospital. You need to watch for at least ten days. What for? In order to trace his behavior: if it is quite adequate, the animal eats and drinks well, if it is active, then it is great, and you can not be afraid that it has infected your baby. But still, the owner of the animal that attacked the person is simply obliged to show his pet to the veterinarian, and urgently.

Now - a few words about preventive measures, which should be strictly adhered to - and then dangerous situations are unlikely to arise.

1. Always supervise the child and do not leave him alone with the animal.

2. Unfamiliar dogs and cats are not an object for your baby's passionate squeezes. Try to explain it to him as clearly as possible. He must always remember that an unfamiliar cute dog is an object for remote admiration, and certainly not for ironing. You can't approach them - period. Moreover, you should not throw objects at them or tease them with barking, drive them around the park.

3. Particularly dangerous are those dogs (and other animals, in principle, but dogs are particularly sensitive to disturbance) that eat food, care for their fluffy brood, or sleep peacefully, curled up in a ball. Of course, at these moments they are especially interesting and cute, but they are no less dangerous.

4. Noticing the approach of an unfamiliar dog, you can not run away from him, scream and generally move. This should be taught to your little one. Also, don't look your dog in the eye.

5. Being knocked down by a dog, do not attempt to get up, but rather shrink into a ball and do not move.

6. If a familiar dog approaches you, do not rush to caress him, let him sniff the child and you, recognize his own.

7. You need to stroke the dog correctly: first, the dog must sniff the handle, the hands must be visible so that the dog can see them. Do not stroke the animal on the top of the head.

8. See that the dog is ready to attack - try to throw him some object that would replace his victim (cloak, backpack).

Children are most often bitten by dogs, and the first health hazard in such bites is trauma and blood loss. If a child is bitten before the formation of a bloody wound, the child should be taken to the doctor at the emergency room or the nearest hospital as soon as possible. In the presence of lacerations, bleeding, an ambulance should be called, providing the small patient with all first aid measures, from stopping bleeding to artificial respiration and chest compressions.

If the incident had witnesses, it is desirable that one of them photograph the attacked dog or other animal. If the owner of the animal is present at the scene of the incident, it is necessary to immediately clarify with him the data on the presence of a rabies vaccination in the dog.

The bite of most mammals that you can meet in the city and its environs - dogs, foxes, squirrels, etc. poses a danger to both the child and the adult, as there is a possibility of rabies.

Rabies is a deadly, incurable disease that is transmitted by the bite of a sick animal along with its saliva.

Rabid animals are shot every year in different regions throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. Cases of rabies are regularly recorded in Moscow and the Moscow region, in the vicinity of any large cities. The ecological instability of the biosystems of Russian forests with disappearing populations of large predators leads to the fact that rabid foxes, squirrels, hedgehogs, dogs freely enter the territory of city parks, so that any inhabitant of the metropolis has a non-zero probability of meeting a rabid animal.

If a child has been bitten by a dog, you need to find the owner of the animal and make sure that the dog has been vaccinated against rabies. In any case, when a dog bites a child, you need to emergency prophylaxis against tetanus. In order to protect against rabies, if necessary, anti-rabies vaccinations should be started as early as possible.

If a child has been bitten by a cat, it should be borne in mind that for all their outward cuteness, stray cats can transmit various types of dangerous infections. The same applies to domestic cats living in village houses, dachas, cottage villages. Cats are often carriers of helminthic infestations. And they are also prone to rabies.
Cats are perceived as scratching animals, but claws are usually a defensive reaction, and feral and stray cats are predators that actively use fangs that can leave rather unpleasant holes in a person’s fingers, arms, legs.

Not so rare and snake bites. Common symptoms of snake venom poisoning are weakness, drowsiness, burning pain at the bite site, headache, muscle pain, swelling of the soft tissues in the bite area, and the appearance of blood. Before the doctor arrives, you need to put a tourniquet on the affected leg or arm with a scarf, scarf or belt. The pulse should be felt over the tourniquet. The bandaged surface becomes cyanotic.

The child must be at rest. If the child shows anxiety, you need to pick him up. In no case should the poison be sucked out of the wound. Through a tiny crack in the mouth, the poison can also enter your body. In any case, urgent medical attention is required.

Animal safety tips for kids

Do not approach strangers, stray or wild animals.
. Do not tease strangers, stray or wild animals
. You can not stroke and pick up strangers, stray and wild animals
. Do not feed strangers, stray and wild animals

Any contact with an animal is desirable to be carried out only with the consent of its owner, after receiving information about the safety of the animal, both in terms of adequate training, and in terms of biological safety. In any case when an animal is in danger - imaginary or real - a child of preschool or primary school age should call for help from an adult, and not try to help the animal on his own. Especially if the animal looks sick, strange, if it cannot stand up or move smoothly.

You can not approach animals with food, even if they do not eat, but guard the food or play with it.
. Do not approach an animal that appears to be sleeping. Do not wake up a sleeping animal.
. Animals should not be approached while they are having sexual intercourse or preparing for it.

All issues of humanism and care for our smaller brothers can be considered in a wider range of different problems and issues when the child can more meaningfully and adequately assess the danger of contact with an animal. For children under 10-12 years old, especially those who have no experience in keeping pets, an independent acquaintance with the animal world can bring more problems and sorrows than dubious joys.

Any contacts of small children with animals should take place with the participation of parents, with their knowledge and under their responsibility. If mom and dad want to instill in their child a love for animals by taking care of dogs and cats, then they must first of all carry out this care themselves, and in such a way as not to endanger other adults and children.