"Undergrowth": analysis of the work of Fonvizin, images of heroes. Characteristics of the main characters "Undergrowth Description of the characters undergrowth table
The main characters of the comedy "Undergrowth"
Building Character Prostakova, D. I. Fonvizin conveys the complexity and inconsistency of human nature. The playwright seeks to render "a service to humanity" by showing him what the nature of a person is, even an insignificant, evil one, who enjoys his right to offend other people. Hating slavery, despising the feudal lords, D. I. Fonvizin loved a person, grieved when he saw desecration of him, in whatever forms it manifested itself.
Prostakova - a rude, despotic and at the same time cowardly, greedy and vile nature, being the brightest type of Russian landowner, at the same time revealed as an individual character - the cunning and cruel sister of Skotinin, a power-hungry, prudent wife who tyrannizes her husband, a mother who loves without the mind of his Mitrofanushka. And this individual characteristic allows us to show all the terrible, disfiguring power of serfdom. All the great, human and holy feelings of Prostakova are distorted. That is why even love for her son - Prostakova's strongest passion - is unable to ennoble her feelings, for it manifests itself in base, animal forms. Her maternal love is devoid of human beauty and spirituality.
The denouement, to which D. I. Fonvizin brings the comedy, was conditional. Actions Pravdina, of a government official who carried out the will of the “highest authority” were not confirmed by the Russian reality of that time. They reflected only the moods and aspirations of a certain part of the enlightened nobility and therefore were perceived as advice to the government on a possible way to regulate relations between landowners and peasants. Because of this, the image of Pravdin in the comedy had not a real, but a conditional, ideal character.
The image is more vital Starodum. But he also represents a rare phenomenon among the nobility, judging by the attitude of Pravdin, Milon, Sophia towards him. They see in him not an ordinary nobleman, but a person with special "rules". And indeed it is. The image of Starodum is connected in comedy with the expression of the ideas of that part of the progressive nobility, which was in opposition to the rule of Catherine, condemned her actions. Outwardly, Starodum’s dialogues with positive characters were based on a discussion of moral problems and education, but in terms of the issues raised in them and the coverage of various aspects of public life, they were wider and contained criticism of the depravity of the modern court (“crowds of stingy flatterers”), condemnation of the monarch, whose soul is not always “great”, “to take the path of truth and never turn away from her." The indignation was caused by the abuse of serfdom (“to oppress one's own kind without law”), the oblivion of the first estate of their duties.
Although Starodum and Pravdin could not realize their ideals in social practice, their judgments, taken together, made the comedy ideologically consonant with political tragedy. This was the new thing that the playwright introduced with the images of Starodum and Pravdin into the structure of The Undergrowth. Comedy was given a socio-political orientation.
As was customary in classicism, the heroes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are clearly divided into negative and positive. However, the most memorable, vivid are still negative characters, despite their despotism and ignorance: Mrs. Prostakova, her brother Taras Skotinin and Mitrofan himself. They are interesting and ambiguous. It is with them that comic situations are associated, full of humor, bright liveliness of dialogues.
Positive characters do not evoke such vivid emotions, although they are reasoners, reflecting the author's position. Educated, endowed with only positive traits, they are ideal - they cannot do lawlessness, they are alien to lies and cruelty.
Let's describe each of the characters in more detail:
| Heroes | Characteristic | Character speech |
| Negative characters | ||
| Mrs. Prostakova | The central negative character, a representative of the serf nobility. Depicted as an uneducated, ignorant and vicious woman, who owns all the power in the family: “I scold, then I fight, and that’s how the house is kept.” She is convinced that education is unnecessary and even harmful: "Without science, people live and lived." A two-faced person: with serfs, teachers, husband, brother, she communicates condescendingly, rudely, even aggressively, and tries to flatter people on whom her position depends. Confirmation of the same thought is a change in attitude towards Sophia. “Prezloyfury, to which the infernal temper makes the misfortune of the whole house,” Pravdin calls her. The only person who inspires her with good feelings is the son of Mitrofanushka, “a friend of the heart”, “darling”. Therefore, in the finale, she is even sorry, because he turns away from her. | Trishke - "cattle", "swindler", "thieves' mug", "blockhead"; Yeremeevna - “a beast”, “a scumbag”, “a dog’s daughter”. To the Starodum - a “benefactor.” “Whatever the peasants had, we took away, we can’t rip anything off.” “Crooks, thieves, swindlers! I order everyone to be beaten to death.” |
| Skotinin | Another sharply negative character, the owner of a bestial surname, narcissistic and cruel. The only passion - pigs and everything connected with them, gives his image a kind of animal. | “I haven’t read anything since I was born ... God delivered me from this boredom.” “I love pigs ...” “Are there pigs in your villages?” “I want to have my own piglets.” “Eco happiness has fallen.” “I would ... by the legs, but about the corner”, “Oh, you damn pig!” - Mitrofan. "Yes, you see how she squealed" - about her sister. |
| Mitrofan | A minor of sixteen years old, the son of provincial landowners. His name is “speaking”, because Mitrofan in Greek means “like a mother”. The same two-faced: a tyrant in relation to his family, humbly asks for forgiveness from Starodum in the finale. He has undeniable cunning. For example, a dream where "mother beats father." Education depends on the way of life, the environment, the conditions for the formation of a person. Mitrofan, who grew up in an ignorant family, is himself ignorant, stupid and lazy. Mitrofanushka is not only a complete ignoramus who has an aversion to teaching, but also an egoist, for him there is nothing significant other than his own interests. “An ignoramus without a soul is a beast,” according to Starodum. Rude and cruel towards serfs, teachers, nanny, father. “Although he is sixteen years old, he has already reached the last degree of his perfection and will not go further,” says Sophia about him. “Damned ingot,” as his uncle calls him, is the final result of the degradation of the nobility with a soul-disfiguring upbringing. Historically, a young nobleman who did not receive a written certificate of training from a teacher was considered "undersized". He was not hired, he was not allowed to marry. The image of "undergrowth", thanks to comedy, has become a household word: they usually say this about stupid and ignorant people. | Eremeevna - "old hrychovka"; uncle - “Get out, uncle; get lost"; "garrison rat" - to teacher Tsyfirkin .. "Shoot them and Eremeevna" - about teachers. |
| Prostakov | The person is helpless and weak. It is definitely impossible to say about him that he is the "head of the family." In everything he obeys his wife and is afraid of her. He prefers not to have his own opinion - a scene with sewing a caftan: "In your eyes, mine do not see anything." Illiterate "spineless henpecked", in fact, he is not such a bad person. He loves Mitrofan, "as a parent should." “He is humble,” Pravdin says of him. | |
| Positive characters | ||
| Pravdin | State official sent to check the situation on the Prostakov estate. Arbitrariness, in his opinion, is an unforgivable vice. Tyranny deserves punishment. Therefore, the truth will prevail and the estate of the cruel and despotic Prostakova will be taken away in favor of the state. | “From the feat of my heart, I do not leave to notice malicious ignoramuses who, having power over their people, use it for evil inhumanly.” |
| Sofia | Niece of Starodum. A decent, kind, smart girl. In Greek, her name is "wisdom". Honest and educated. “God gave you the omnipotence of your sex, ... the heart of an honest man,” Starodum tells her. | “How can one not be satisfied with the heart when the conscience is calm ... It is impossible not to love the rules of virtue ... They are ways to happiness.” “I will use all my efforts to earn the good opinion of worthy people.” |
| Starodum | Sophia's uncle and guardian. Performs the role of a reasoner, expressing the thoughts of the author. His name says that he was brought up in the era of Peter and adheres to its ideals, when they served faithfully and honestly at court, not fawning over the "powerful ones of this world." And he honestly deserved his fortune and position: he was in military service, and served at court. Possesses straightforwardness and impatience to injustice. A person endowed with power, in his opinion, should not in any way violate the rights of other people. | “Enlightenment elevates one virtuous soul.” “Cash money is not cash merit.” “Ranks begin - sincerity ceases.” “Have a heart, have a soul - and you will be a man at all times.” “The dignity of the heart is inseparable.” “The main goal of all knowledge human - good manners. |
| Milon | Handsome officer, Sophia's fiancé. Despite his youth, he already took part in hostilities, where he showed himself heroically. Modest. “A young man of great merit”, “the whole public considers him an honest and worthy person”, according to Starodum. | "I'm in love and I am happy to be loved."“I believe true fearlessness in the soul, and not in the heart ...” |
| Minor characters | ||
| Tsyfirkin | In the past, a soldier, therefore, cherishes the concepts of duty and honor: “I took money for my service, but I didn’t take it in an empty way and I won’t take it.” Rough, but straightforward and honest. “I don’t like to live idle,” he says. "Direct kind person" is called Starodum. | “Here gentlemen are kind commanders!”, “Here is a quick fire a day for three hours in a row.” “Hello a hundred years, yes twenty, and even fifteen, countless years.” |
| Kuteikin | A half-educated seminarian with a “speaking” surname: kutya is a ritual porridge, an obligatory Christmas and memorial dish. The man is undoubtedly cunning, as evidenced by the choice of text when teaching Mitrofan: “But I am a worm, and not a man, a reproach to people”, “that is, an animal, cattle”. Greedy for money, tries not to miss his own. | Church Slavonic lexicon: “outer darkness”, “woe to me a sinner”, “the call of the past”, “I came”, “fearing the abyss of wisdom”. |
| Vralman | German Adam Adamovich is a former coachman of Starodum. The man is a rogue, as his surname says, he pretends to be a scientist who can teach "in French and all the sciences", and he interferes with other teachers. The owner of a lackey soul, tries to please Prostakova, praising Mitrofan. Himself ignorant and uncultured. | "They want to kill the kid!" |
| Eremeevna | Nanny Mitrofan. She sincerely serves in the Prostakovs' house, loves her pupil Mitrofan, but is rewarded for her service as follows: "Five rubles a year, up to five slaps a day." | "... I would have broken with him ... I would have become more careful with fangs." everything is undesirable." |
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Pushkin highly appreciated the work of Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, who wrote under Catherine II. He saw Gogol as his successor. The main character of Fonvizin - the undergrowth Mitrofanushka - brought Alexander Sergeevich into complete delight.
Herzen and Belinsky spoke highly of the artistic and social style of this comedian. Gogol immortalized the image of his teacher, Fonvizin (albeit without indicating the name), in the story "The Night Before Christmas". Remember, when the blacksmith Vakula turned to the empress, she turned the conversation to a middle-aged man with a full pale face and suggested that he reflect in his next essay “this popular innocence”. The man was wearing a poor caftan with mother-of-pearl buttons. This is what Fonvizin looked like.
So, a comedy created according to the classical canons (Fonvizin, "Undergrowth"). The characterization of the heroes, however, turned out to be innovative for the 18th century. This article is devoted to the characters of the play.
Negative images
Undoubtedly, the characterization of the heroes presented by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin lays down the traditions of Russian national comedy. The "undergrowth" boldly and openly castigates the tyranny of the feudal landlords. The most negative image of comedy is Mrs. Prostakova. She manages her serfs with a firm hand, rather, even cruelly. The heroine does not disdain, she is ignorant and vindictive. And talking in raised tones with servants is a common thing for her. Habitually, the landowner refers to her serf Trishka: "cattle", "thieves' mug", "blockhead", "swindler". To the nanny of her son, Eremeevna, who is in this blockhead, the “grateful” mother says “scoundrel”, “dog daughter”, “beast”. And this - to the closest, "yard" people! With the rest, her conversation is even shorter. Prostakova threatens to "flog them to death." She is self-confident, because the laws are always on the side of the landowners.
True, this vixen has an outlet in her soul: she loves her 16-year-old son. True, this feeling is blind, for which Mrs. Prostakova paid the price at the end of the comedy. The author's, "Fonvizin's" characterization of the characters is truly original. "Undergrowth" is a comedy where each character uses his own unique vocabulary and a certain vocabulary.
Mr. Prostakov is a quiet, calm henpecked man. He obeys his wife in everything; not having his own, follows her opinion. However, he is not cruel, he loves his son. But in fact, it does not affect anything in the house, including raising a child.
Originally and interestingly, with the observance of individual vocabulary, Fonvizin created a characterization of the characters. It is not by chance that the undergrowth wears it. After all, it sounds in Greek as “mother-like”. By the way, regarding the name of the comedy. In Russia, undergrowths were called young nobles who did not have a written certificate of education.
Mitrofanushka eschews studies, he is rude to people who treat him kindly. Eremeevna says: "Old bastard." Teacher Tsifirkin - "garrison rat". The crown phrase of the young dunce - that he does not want to study, but wants to get married - is undoubtedly Fonvizin's creative find, she really became winged. The undergrowth is narrow-minded, rude and ignorant. His laziness is indulged by everyone in the house.
Prostakova's brother, Mr. Skotinin, is caricatured in the comedy. He treats the lower class with contempt, but for him it is a real passion and purpose of life. His whole outlook is limited to the problems of the pigsty. He does not get tired of talking about these animals. On top of that, he wants to marry Sophia.
good comedy characters
However, there are no less positive images in the comedy. The state official Pravdin, sent to check the estate of Prostakova, is the embodiment of justice, law and reason. He is outraged when people "having power" over serfs use it "evilly and inhumanly." He seeks to help "worthy people", to promote proper education. As a result of his check, Prostakova's property is requisitioned by the state.
Starodum is also positive, having absorbed an honest attitude to service since the time of Peter I. Service in the army, and then the bureaucratic share, not only brought him a fortune, but also shaped him into an honest, decent person. Equally, he considers both the pleasing of those in power and the violation of the human rights of the disadvantaged to be unacceptable.
Honest and educated is his niece Sophia. She has a penetrating mind, so she is going to build her life in such a way as to earn the trust of "worthy people." Honest, modest and open fiancé Sophia - a young officer Milon. He showed his bravery in combat. The young man has a truly chivalrous upbringing. The war did not turn him into a martinet. He considers his love for Sophia the greatest wealth.
Among the secondary characters there are also positive ones - decent and direct Tsyfirkin, a former soldier; and negative ones - the cunning and greedy Kuteikin, the seminarian - half-educated, Adam Adamovich Vralman - with a vile lackey essence, praising Mitrofan in order to earn mercy from Prostakova.
conclusions
Fonvizin was undoubtedly a wise and observant person. In comedy, they are given a devastatingly accusatory characterization of the heroes. "Undergrowth" makes you think about the need to stop bullying serfs. Therefore, Fonvizin's comedy is not abstract, not for the amusement of Catherine's nobles and favorites, but sharply satirical, socially oriented. Work on such works for the comedian himself was ungrateful, required nerves. Denis Ivanovich resigned due to a serious illness - paralysis. Even Empress Catherine II, a progressive woman, did not like Fonvizin's caustic satire and did not always meet the petitions of the classic.
The comedy "Undergrowth" was written by D.I. Fonvizin in 1782. But, despite the past 200 years and social changes, it continues to be staged in theaters and is of interest to the viewer and reader. Comedy is interesting with bright characters, which, oddly enough, are still found in our time. The main problem of the work is the level of education of young nobles.
The main characters of the comedy "Undergrowth":
Prostakov - typical henpecked, not wanting to think with his head. All housekeeping was entrusted to his wife. Humble as a calf. Prostakov in his house does not have the right to vote.
G - Mrs. Prostakova - cunning, prudent landowner. She ruined her peasants to the last thread, and is crying that there is nothing more to take. Upon learning that Sophia had become a rich heiress, she set out to marry her lazybones to Sophia. Rude and scandalous. No one lives from her. But she is cunning and flattering to those from whom she expects benefits. Capable of low deeds. Denies the need for education, which speaks of her narrow mind.
Mitrofan- the son of the Prostakovs, undersized. Cunning, knows how to sweeten his mother. Illiterate lazy and lazy. In those days, underage children were called noble children who did not receive a written certificate from teachers about their education. Undergrowths were not allowed to public service, they were not given the so-called. coronal memories - papers that allowed marriage.
Pravdin - an official sent by the governor to take custody of the estate and villages of the Prostakovs. Honest and decent official.
Starodum - Sophia's uncle The man is straightforward, decent. In his youth, he participated in battles, served at court, but seeing how some are ready to curry favor, build intrigues in order to rise in the eyes of the most august persons, Starodum left the service at court, as he admits, “brought home intact, my soul, my honor, my rules." In his conversations, he advocates the education of young nobles.
Sophia - Starodum's niece, a modest, educated girl. Loves Milo.
Milon - officer, nobleman, loves Sophia, is respected by colleagues.
Skotinin - the landowner robs his peasants to the last. He is going to marry Sofya, but he does not love the girl, but the pigs that the peasants raise in Sophia's villages. To match him and the surname. The person is uneducated, rude.
Kuteikin - teaches Mitrofan literature. A rogue and a swindler.
Tsyfirkin - teaches mathematics. Refusing Mitrofan's tuition fee, Tsyfirkin behaved like a decent person.
Vralman - German, French teacher. Versatile surname. With her, Fonvizin tries to emphasize the deceitful nature of the German, who, receiving 300 rubles a year, does not teach Mitrofan anything himself, and interferes with others. Once Vralman accidentally let slip that he was a coachman in St. Petersburg. And indeed, his master was once Starodum. Leaving the Prostakovs, he took the German again as a coachman.
Eremeevna- Prostakov's serf, Mitrofan's nanny. She treats the undergrowth as if she were her own, and is ready to stand up for him. All orders Prostakova executes implicitly.
Almost all the names of the heroes of the work in one way or another characterize their owners:
- Pravdin personifies honesty;
- Starodum - a conservative outlook on life;
- Vralman - deceit.
- Kuteikin - a penchant for spree and an easy life
True, Mrs. Prostakova is not as simple as her dull-witted hubby and undersized Mitrofan.
Prostakova tried to quietly steal Sophia in order to secretly marry her to Mitrofan. But Sophia raised a fuss, and Milon came to her aid first, followed by Starodum and Pravdin. Prostakova realized that the complaint of Starodum and Sophia could end badly for her, begged for forgiveness. As soon as Sophia forgave her, she began to threaten her people. Then Pravdin read to her and her husband a document on guardianship, which in fact deprived her of any power over the estate and the peasants. In Fonvizin's comedy, the thought of the greatness and mind of the Sovereign Emperor runs like a red thread.
The work of D. I. Fonvizin “Undergrowth” showed the positive character traits that every conscious citizen of the state must possess.
In the written play, Fonvizin endowed the character of Starodum with such a character. This is a hero with a big heart, an honest, sympathetic and merciful character. There are no episodes in the comedy when Starodum speaks unflatteringly about someone, steals or deceives. On the contrary, he always has his calmness, poise. Starodum does not throw his words to the wind, gives good advice, concludes well and at the same time has a sense of humor - he laughs and jokes.
Characters who have similar character traits: Sophia - Starodum's niece; Milon - a military man, Sophia's fiance; Pravdin is a member of the city government. Together they are an example of a law-abiding citizen.
The author showed the Prostakov family of petty nobles as the opposite of these characters. The head of this family is Mrs. Prostakova - a greedy, rude and deceitful woman. It is not for nothing that Fonvizin calls her Fury, the avenging goddess of the ancient Romans. She loves only one person - her son, Mitrofan, who is lazy by nature, he stands out for illiteracy and uncultured behavior, it is not for nothing that his name means "mother-like."
Starting a conversation about Prostakov Sr., one can easily argue that his life pleases him only when his wife does not take out his anger at him. It is clearly seen in the work that he is trying in every possible way to please her and does not have his own opinion. Another negative character is Skotinin, Prostakova's brother. For this person, a pig is more valuable than people. He intends to marry Sophia when he found out that she had a rich inheritance.
Drawing conclusions, it is possible to divide the characters of this work into two halves - good, represented by Starodum, Milon, Sophia, and evil, which is represented by the Prostakov and Skotinin families.
Some interesting essays
- Heroes of the story Farewell to Matera with a characteristic
The main character of the work is an eighty-year-old elderly woman named Pinigina Daria Vasilievna, presented by the writer in the form of a native inhabitant of the island of Matera.
- Pechorin's environment in the novel Lermontov's Hero of Our Time
The novel by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" tells us about the story of a young officer Grigory Pechorin - a very controversial personality, however, according to the writer himself, who is the most accurate
- The theme of love in the work of Blok essay
Love is a tender feeling that cannot bypass any person, even with the most callous heart. Love lyrics are presented in many poems by Russian poets, and in them it reveals a huge palette of human feelings.
- The image of St. Petersburg in the work of Pushkin (grade 10 composition)
Creativity, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, describes Petersburg as a city of beauty and freedom. Alexander treats him with love, delight, and how the whole world is hidden in him.
Childhood is the most magnificent and carefree time! This time is filled with magic and sincere joy, bold dreams that no doubt come true.
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