Presentation on the topic of the era of stagnation. Presentation for a history lesson "Spiritual life during the period of "stagnation". presentation for a history lesson (grade 11) on the topic: Conditions of cultural life

PLAN Manifestation of economic reform in agriculture Manifestation of economic industry Standard of living of the people Dissident movement - anti-people reform actions protest against

The essence of the conservative course of the new leadership is defined by the word “stabilization,” which became a symbol of the Brezhnev era. But it was not possible to achieve this goal, because the system immediately lost two important incentives for economic development: ü Fear of reprisals with the death of Stalin ü Enthusiasm and romantic faith with the elimination of Khrushchev.

IN SEPTEMBER 1965, AN ECONOMIC REFORM IN AGRICULTURE WAS ANNOUNCEED: Increasing purchase prices for products; Redistribution of national income in favor of agriculture; Development of the social sphere of the village; Result: there were no significant changes in agricultural policy, agricultural production continued to lag, and the state was forced to purchase bread abroad.

IN SEPTEMBER 1965, ECONOMIC REFORM IN industry WAS ANNOUNCEED: Transition from administrative to economic methods of management; Transfer of enterprises to self-financing, expansion of their independence, material incentives for workers depending on the results of their work; Economic management was centralized, 95% of Ukrainian enterprises were again subordinated to Moscow;

PROGRESS OF THE REFORM: At the first stage of the reform, relatively high rates of industrial development were ensured. Economists called 1966-1970 the “golden” five-year period. In Ukraine, fixed production assets and the total volume of industrial production increased by 1.5 times, and national income by 30%. However, in the early 1970s, the rate of increase slowed down, symptoms of the collapse of the reform. appeared

REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF ECONOMIC REFORM: The reform did not concern the fundamentals of the administrative-command system, was not comprehensive, and did not change the structural and investment policy; The party-state apparatus could not, and did not want, to abandon the usual methods of economic management;

Mismanagement and irresponsibility intensified, corruption, organized crime and the “shadow” economy became increasingly evident. Thus, in 1970-1980. The national economy entered a period of crisis. In Ukraine, the predominance of the fuel and raw materials industries became more and more noticeable. Less than 30% of Ukrainian industry capacity worked for the consumer market (while in developed countries this figure reached 50-60% or more)

LIVING STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE During the 60-80s, there was a certain increase in the well-being of the people and an increase in wages. But this prosperity was relative: in terms of living standards, Ukraine in the 80s. was among the countries occupying 50-60th places in the world. In addition, this welfare was ensured through the sale of national natural resources - oil, gas, coal, timber. There was an acute shortage of industrial and food products, and queues became a shameful sign of people’s lives.

IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SPHERE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES STANDED OUT: Strengthening the political monopoly of the CPSU, concentration of all power in its hands, Absence of real bodies of self-government, people's power, Growth of the bureaucratic apparatus, Curtailment of democracy, Violation of civil rights and freedoms, Implementation of repression

As a protest against the anti-people actions of the party-state apparatus, the dissident movement gains strength. In Ukraine, the dissident movement aimed at the free development of Ukrainian culture and language, and ensuring civil rights. The “sixties” became the core of Ukrainian dissidence.

In 1950 -1960 The main manifestation of dissidence was protests and appeals to the country's leaders. Uncensored literature was distributed - “samizdat”, where the works of I. Dzyuba and E. Sverstyuk were published. In 1959, the Ukrainian Workers' and Peasants' Union, led by L. Lukyanenko, arose in Lvov, which demanded the secession of the Ukrainian SSR from the USSR and the creation of an independent socialist Ukraine. Based on a denunciation, the group was arrested, L. Lukyanenko received a 15-year prison sentence. In 1964 -1967 In the Western Ukrainian lands, the underground organization “Ukrainian National Front” operated, which aimed to establish an independent democratic Ukrainian state. In 1970 -1974 In Lvov, samizdat “Ukrainian Bulletin” was published, the chief editor of which was V. Chernovol.

In the dissident movement during 1960 -1972. About a thousand people took part. Despite its small numbers, it was a moral and ideological threat to the Soviet system. In the 1980s. the dissident movement intensified. Thanks to the activities of its representatives, the idea of ​​the need for reforms in all spheres of life, the need to form its own independent Ukrainian state, matured.

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Municipal Educational Institution secondary school No. 93 with in-depth study of individual subjects
Politics and economics: from reforms to “stagnation”
Completed by: 11th grade student “A” Mokina Marina Consultant: Nikitishina I.V.

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To provide knowledge about the socio-political development and spiritual life of Soviet society in the era of L.I. Brezhnev. Show the reason for changing the political course and abandoning attempts at radical renewal. To deepen the understanding of the economic development of the country in the era of L.I. Brezhnev. Expand the content of the concepts of “creeping re-Stalinization”, “growth of conservative tendencies”, the course towards “stability of personnel” - the course of the most favored nation regime for the party nomenklatura, “Constitution of developed socialism”, the phenomenon of the “sixties”, “dissident movement”, channels of penetration of “liberal ideology” in the USSR, “human rights activists”.
The purpose of the lesson:

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Lesson plan:
New nomenclature Culture

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Why the period of the mid-60s - mid-80s. Is it usually called the era of “stagnation”?
Problematic question:

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Represented by L.I. Brezhnev and his entourage, the Soviet nomenklatura - state, economic, military and party - found an obedient conductor of their collective will.
The ruling class is freed from fear for its own life and gains stability. With the coming to power of L.I. Brezhnev's nomenclature is freed from many moral prohibitions.
New nomenclature

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BREZHNEV Leonid Ilyich (1906, Kamenskoye - 1982, Moscow) - Soviet statesman and party leader. Genus. in the family of a hereditary metallurgist. In 1915 he was admitted to a classical gymnasium, where he studied mathematics with pleasure and, with difficulty, foreign languages. In 1921, B. completed a 6-year course of study at a labor school. In 1927 he graduated from technical school, receiving the specialty of land surveyor.
During World War II, he served as a political worker in different units, but had no special merits. B. ended the war in Prague in 1945 with the rank of major general. Was sent to the desk. work, in 1946-1950 he served as first secretary of the Zaporozhye and Dnepropetrovsk regional committees. In 1950, B. was sent as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Bolsheviks to Moldova. Finding himself an ex-officio delegate to the 19th Party Congress, he was elected to the Central Committee and, unexpectedly for himself, appointed Secretary of the Central Committee, and then a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee. In 1960, B. took the post of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

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The main part of the apparatus consisted of people starting their careers after the repressions of the 30s. Unlike the Bolshevik leaders of the first conscription, they were deprived of a fanatical belief in social justice. Its total number reaches 500-700 thousand people, and together with family members - about 3 million, i.e. 1.5% of the country's total population. In terms of the level of general culture, the new generation of the nomenklatura was head and shoulders above the old generation: everyone had higher education, and many had academic degrees, and had visited the West more than once. Ideology for them was just habitual rhetoric.
New nomenclature

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Accordingly, the nomenklatura's ideas about the nature of the development of Soviet society are changing. If in the mid-60s. the nomenclature assumed stable development, then in the 70s. the goal becomes “socialist modernization”, i.e. gradual transformation of the existing society, which does not require the breakdown of the regime and other serious upheavals.
New nomenclature

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“Let’s decide how to wish correctly,” the famous professor A. Birman suggested at his lectures, “and we’ll select quotes from the classics.”
New nomenclature

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As was the case a decade ago, among the first were decisions that directly affected the interests of the nomenklatura: 1. Already in 1965, the division of the party apparatus according to the production principle was eliminated.
The first transformations in the political life of the country. Social and political life

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Question for discussion: - Why do you think this principle did not suit the party?

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This principle brought partyocracy to a dangerous point, followed by personal responsibility for managing the economy. The usual practice was more convenient: the party apparatus controlled everything without being responsible for anything. He made decisions, gave instructions, and the heads of industries, enterprises and institutions were responsible for failure.

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2. The clause on mandatory rotation included in the CPSU Charter in 1961, according to which one-third of the members of the party committees from the Presidium of the Central Committee to the district committees was supposed to be changed during each election.
The first transformations in the political life of the country. Social and political life

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3. To calm the population, persecution of personal plots was curtailed, and persecution of the church and religion subsided. 4. The Brezhnev administration set a course for curtailing the liberal initiatives of the Khrushchev era.
The first transformations in the political life of the country. Social and political life

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The thesis is put forward about building a “developed socialist society” in the USSR. Following the example of I.V. Stalin's authorities hastened to legislate this new stage in the development of Soviet society.
The first transformations in the political life of the country. Social and political life

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"true democracy"; “active participation of workers in public life”; “mature socialist relations”; “high ideological level and consciousness of the working people”, etc.
In 1977, a new Constitution of the USSR was adopted. It included a list of the largely mythical features of a “developed socialist society”:
The first transformations in the political life of the country. Social and political life

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The Constitution contained provisions on universal compulsory secondary education, free education and medical care, and the right to work, rest, pensions and housing. As before, freedoms of conscience, assembly, demonstrations, etc. were proclaimed.
Yaroslavl. Residential building on Moskovsky Avenue. 1976.
Educational buildings. School in Pushchino (Moscow region). 1973

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Stagnation developed in the structures of the CPSU: The party nomenklatura surrounded itself with ever new privileges and material benefits.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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The merging of the most corrupt groups with the “shadow economy” began. It was at that time that the soon-to-be scandalous “cases” began: “Uzbek”, “Sochi”, “fish” and many others. The highest-ranking leaders were involved.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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A significant increase in the ranks of the party itself was carried out mainly through representatives of workers and collective farmers. Representatives of the intelligentsia were practically barred from entering the ranks of the party.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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3. Since 1965, economic reform, conceived during the Khrushchev administration, began to be carried out. The organizer of the reform was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR A.N. Kosygin.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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In general, the reform did not encroach on the directive economy, but provided for a mechanism of internal self-regulation, material interest of producers in the results and quality of work: The number of mandatory indicators imposed from above was reduced; The enterprises retained a share of the profits; Cost accounting was proclaimed.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich (1904 -1980) was born in St. Petersburg into a working-class family. During the Civil War he served in the Red Army, graduated from the Textile Institute in Leningrad, worked as a foreman, shop manager, and factory director. In 1949-1946. - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, during the war years he led the process of evacuation to the east and the creation there of a new industrial base of the country.
He held the posts of Minister of Finance, Light and Food Industry, Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR. In 1964-1980 – Chairman of the Council of Ministers, member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.

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Question for discussion in class: - Why do you think the cost accounting system, which was not the first time adopted in the USSR, giving a real positive result, was always curtailed “from above”?

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This system gave producers some freedom, which, in itself, could not be effective in the conditions of a command-administrative economy and party dictatorship in the political life of the country: economic councils were abolished and the sectoral principle of industrial management through ministries was restored.
Answer:

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The reform also affected agriculture: The government again wrote off debts from collective and state farms and increased purchasing prices; A premium was established for above-plan sales to the state; Financing of the agricultural sector of the economy increased. Due to this, the implementation of a number of programs began: comprehensive mechanization, chemicalization and soil reclamation.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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Assignment for the class to work independently:
How did these innovations affect the economic life of the country? Indicate (in %) the volume of increase in production - in industry and in agriculture; Determine the reasons for the short duration of the positive results of these innovations.

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The ruling elite of the USSR could not help but see the growing decline of the economy and took some measures: In agricultural policy, the emphasis was on agro-industrial integration - the cooperation of collective and state farms.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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In 1985, the State Agricultural Industry of the USSR was created, taking over five Union ministries. The crowning achievement of the paperwork of the farmers of their Central Committee of the CPSU was the “Food Program,” which promised by 1990 to “feed the country” through networks of agricultural industries, saturate agriculture with equipment, fertilizers, and improve the socio-cultural sphere of the village.
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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West Siberian for oil production and refining, Pavlodar-Ekibastuz for coal mining, Sayano-Shushenskoe for processing non-ferrous metals, etc.
In industrial construction, starting from the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1971-1975), the emphasis has shifted to the creation of dozens of giant territorial production complexes (TPK):
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

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In order to accelerate the development of the economy of Siberia and the Far East in 1974-1984. The Baikal-Amur Mainline was built. It was planned to deploy a network of new TPK along it,
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere
but there was no longer enough money to lay them down, and the famous BAM is still causing continuous losses.

Slide 32

The authorities saw the main way to avoid economic collapse in speeding up supplies of energy resources to the Western market, especially since their prices in the 70s. increased twentyfold. The state treasury was significantly enriched by “petrodollars.”
State of affairs in the socio-economic sphere

Slide 33

Workshop. Class assignment: Using documents and other materials, prepare your conclusions about the effectiveness of using “petrodollars” in the USSR. Indicate the reasons for the economy's slide into stagnation and crisis. How did the crisis phenomena in the economy and social sphere manifest themselves?

Slide 34

In the circles of the intelligentsia, a movement of dissidents (dissidents) developed, which originated in Khrushchev’s times. In its front ranks were: A.D. Sakharov is the “father” of the hydrogen bomb, three times Hero of Socialist Labor, and in recent years a human rights activist.
Culture

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Sakharov Andrey Dmitrievich (b. 21.5.1921, Moscow), Soviet physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1953), Hero of Socialist Labor (1953, 1956, 1962). Graduated from Moscow State University (1942). Since 1945 he has been working at the Physical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. P. N. Lebedeva. Basic works on theoretical physics. In recent years, he has retired from scientific activities.
Culture

Slide 37

Rostropovich Mstislav Leopoldovich (b. 27.3.1927, Baku), Soviet cellist, People's Artist of the USSR (1966). Born into a musician's family. In 1946 he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in cello class with S. M. Kozolupov, and studied composition in the class of V. Ya. Shebalin (1943-46). Since 1948, soloist of the Moscow Philharmonic. He taught at the Moscow and Leningrad Conservatories. Lenin Prize (1964), USSR State Prize (1951) - for concert activities.
Culture

Slide 38

A few dissident activists criticized the existing order, the facts of gross violations of human rights in the USSR, and made them public through typewritten leaflets. Brochures, magazines (Chronicle of Current Events, etc.), held intimate and silent demonstrations. Some of them were expelled from the country (A.I. Solzhenitsyn), others paid for criticizing the regime by imprisonment in camps, psychiatric hospitals, or, like academician A.D. Sakharov, link.
Culture

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Censorship became stricter and ideological control over the activities of the creative and scientific intelligentsia increased. Many talented writers and poets were deprived of the opportunity to publish their works. Films by internationally recognized directors remained on the shelves, and theatrical performances were prohibited.
Culture

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Humanist scientists whose scientific concepts diverged from the guidelines of the party leadership experienced serious harassment. In historical science, the direction studying the problems of 1917 was curtailed (P.V. Volobuev, K.N. Tarnovsky, M.Ya. Gefter, etc.)
Culture

Slide 41

At the same time, criticism of the cult of personality subsided, and the rehabilitation of victims of Stalinist repressions ceased. Prominent figures of Russian culture I.A. were forced to go abroad. Brodsky, Yu.A. Lyubimov, V.E. Maksimov, V.P. Nekrasov, A.A. Tarkovsky and others. The so-called “village” prose flourished.
Culture

Slide 42

F. Abramov, V.I. Belov, V.P. Astafiev and other writers of this trend vividly showed the tragedies of the de-peasantization of the village.
Culture

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Astafiev Viktor Petrovich (b. May 1, 1924, Ovsyanka village, Sovetsky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory), Russian Soviet writer. As a child, he was homeless and raised in an orphanage. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. Began publishing in 1951.
Author of the book “Until Next Spring” (1953), the novel “The Snow is Melting” (1958), the short stories “The Pass”, “Starodub” and “Starfall”, the stories “Theft” (1966), “The Last Bow” (1968). A.'s works are dedicated to working people, their intense inner life, and the theme of the maturation of the soul.

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Okudzhava Bulat Shalvovich (b. 9.5.1924, Moscow), Russian Soviet poet. Member of the CPSU since 1955. Graduated from Tbilisi University (1950). Participant of the Great Patriotic War. Published since 1953. The main motives of the lyrics (collections “Islands”, 1959; “The Cheerful Drummer”, 1964;
“Magnanimous March”, 1967, etc.) - front-line impressions, romance of everyday relationships. O.'s verse is characterized by a fusion of pathetic and conversational intonations. Author and performer of lyrical songs. He appears as a prose writer (the story about P.I. Pestel “A Sip of Freedom”, 1971, under the title “Poor Avrosimov”, 1969; a satirical story from the mid-19th century “Mercy, or Shipov’s Adventures”, 1971, etc.) and film scriptwriter.

During this period, large investments were made in guaranteeing life support for the long term: unified energy and transport systems were created, a network of poultry farms was built, large-scale soil improvement and extensive forest planting were carried out. The demographic situation has become stable with a constant population growth of about 1.5% per year. In 1982, the state Food Program was developed and adopted, setting the task of providing adequate nutrition to all citizens of the country. According to the main real indicators, this program was carried out well. In 1980, the Soviet Union ranked first in Europe and second in the world in terms of industrial and agricultural production. In social terms, during the 18 Brezhnev years, real incomes of the population increased by more than 1.5 times. The population of Russia in those years increased by 12 million people. There was also the commissioning of 1.6 billion square meters under Brezhnev. meters of living space, thanks to which 162 million people were provided with free housing. The pride of the Soviet leadership was the constant increase in the provision of agriculture with tractors and combines, but grain yields were significantly lower than in industrialized capitalist countries. At the same time, in 1980, the production and consumption of electricity in the Soviet Union increased 26.8 times compared to 1940, while in the United States, over the same period, generation at power plants increased 13.67 times. In general, to assess the efficiency of agricultural production, it is, of course, necessary to take into account climatic conditions. Nevertheless, in the RSFSR, the gross grain harvest (in weight after processing) was one and a half to two times higher than after Perestroika; similar proportions can be seen in the number of main types of livestock.

The era of stagnation

• Designation of a period in the history of the USSR, covering just over two decades - from the moment L.I. came to power. Brezhnev (October 1964) to the XXVII Congress of the CPSU (February 1986)

• The first (since 1966 - General) Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee - L.I. Brezhnev (10/14/1964 – 11/10/1982)

New leadership comes to power

• Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council (SC) of the USSR.
• Since 1965 Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny
• Since 1977 – Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev

New leadership comes to power

• Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR - Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin
• Since 1980 Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov

New leadership comes to power

• Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for Ideology until 1982 - Mikhail Andreevich Suslov

New management policy

• Re-Stalinization: banning criticism of Stalin's cult of personality and exposing the practice of state terror during the Stalinist period - 1965, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, Brezhnev's report gave a high assessment of the role of Stalin: removal from history textbooks of sections containing criticism of the cult of personality. provision on "cult of personality" is an ahistorical concept. The press stopped mentioning the concept of “Stalin’s personality cult.” However, after a letter from the intelligentsia in 1966, the course towards Stalin’s rehabilitation began to wind down. In 1967, the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution was celebrated. In the report dedicated to this event, there was not a word about Stalin.

Gerontocracy

• Gerontocracy- the principle of management in which power belongs to the elders.
• the period of stagnation in the USSR, when the average age of the members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee who actually led the huge country, including its General Secretaries who were almost constantly in the Central Clinical Hospital and died one after another “after severe and prolonged illnesses,” exceeded 70 years. The abbreviation USSR was often jokingly deciphered as "The Country of the Oldest Leaders."

GERONTOCRACY

• After the death of L.I. Brezhnev, aged 76 (led the country for 18 years)
• From 11/12/1982 – General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Yu.V. Andropov (from 06/16/1983 - Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council) - to 02/09/1984 (age 69 years)
• Since February 10, 1984, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee K.U. Chernenko (from 04/11/1984 - Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Court) - to 03/10/1985 (age - 73 years)

Nomenclature

• The party's control over all spheres of society has increased. The new CPSU Charter of 1971 secured the right of party control over the activities of the administration in Scientific Research Institutes, educational institutions, cultural and health care institutions. Control over the activities of government bodies also increased. To provide material support for the apparatus, the system of benefits and privileges was improved. The nomenklatura had its own shops, ateliers, hairdressers, recreational facilities, etc. Processes of merging of part of the nomenklatura with the “shadow economy” have emerged.

Constitution of “developed socialism”

• Constitution of the USSR, in force from 1977 to 1991.
• This constitution established a one-party political system (Article 6)

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov

• Those who knew Andropov testify that intellectually he stood out from the general background of the Politburo members of the stagnant years, he was a creative person, not devoid of self-irony. In a circle of trusted people he could allow himself relatively liberal reasoning. Unlike Brezhnev, he was indifferent to flattery and luxury, and did not tolerate bribery and embezzlement. It is clear, however, that in matters of principle Andropov adhered to a rigid conservative position

Activities of Yu.V. Andropova

• The fight against corruption (“the Uzbek case”, the case of N.A. Shchelokov, Yu.K. Sokolov, etc.);
• Personnel changes (in 15 months, 17 ministers and 37 first secretaries of regional party committees were replaced);
• Introduction of measures to strengthen labor, planning, and state discipline (raids and document checks in stores and other public places in order to identify those who visited them during working hours)

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko

• he could have saved the USSR from the collapse, but did not have time to do this - the Secretary General did not have enough time - 13 months in the top post turned out to be extremely short.

Activities of K.U. Chernenko

• As Secretary General, in addition to resolving the accumulated current issues (for example, the boycott of the Olympic Games in Los Angeles, unfreezing relations with China), Konstantin Ustinovich put forward a number of unparalleled initiatives: the complete rehabilitation of Stalin; school reform and strengthening the role of trade unions (he did not have time to do any of this except to declare September 1 a public holiday, turning it into Knowledge Day and reinstate 94-year-old V. M. Molotov in the party).

Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko They buried him with all honors near the Kremlin wall. He became the last person to receive this honor - no one else was buried in the necropolis on Red Square.

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Lesson plan. 1. Crisis of official ideology. 2.Dissident movement. 3. The fight against “Bourgeois culture”. 4. Development of artistic culture. 5. Education system. Grade 11 (profile level) Author of the presentation: Agalakova E.V. history teacher GBOU secondary school No. 1324 (797)

1. Crisis of official ideology. 2.Dissident movement. 3. The fight against “Bourgeois culture”. 4. Development of artistic culture. 5. Education system. Lesson plan.

Prove the dual nature of Soviet culture during the period of “stagnation”? Lesson assignment.

The gap between official ideology and real life led to the population no longer trusting the authorities. People began to lose faith not only in ultimate faith, but also in incentives to work. In 1980, communism was never built and the authorities put forward a new concept - “further improvement of developed socialism.” This meant the beginning of a serious crisis in the official ideology. 1. Crisis of official ideology. L.I. Brezhnev and M.A. Suslov.

In the early 1960s, part of the intelligentsia, realizing the ideological crisis of communist ideology, began to talk about the renewal of Marxism-Leninism. Soon a dissident movement arose in the country. It included 3 areas: human rights, national and religious. Dissidence was represented by liberalism (A. Sakharov) and nationalism (A. Solzhenitsyn). Sakharov put forward the idea of ​​convergence - the unification of socialism and capitalism. 2.Dissident movement. A.D. Sakharov

Solzhenitsyn advocated the revival of the national state. In 1965, dissidents came out in defense of A. Sinyavsky and Y. Daniel, who published their works abroad. In 1969, an initiative group for the protection of human rights emerged (S. Kovalev), and in 1975 a group headed by Yu. Orlov arose. In 1975, captain 3rd rank V. Sablin rebelled on the ship "Storozhevoy." He was shot for treason to his homeland. 2.Dissident movement. V. Novodvorskaya is in prison.

The authorities saw the influence of the West in the dissident movement and put forward the thesis of an intensification of the class struggle. Dissidents began to be portrayed as “agents of influence” of the West, or as spies. In the 70s The struggle against bourgeois culture intensified. Plays by foreign authors were removed from theater repertoires, concerts of famous performers were canceled, and the distribution of Western films was prohibited. 3. The fight against “Bourgeois culture”. Ideological sabotage. Poster from the 70s.

The authorities demanded from cultural figures the “golden mean”—refusal from “denigration” and “varnishing of reality.” It was prescribed to create works on production topics with a positive hero-party leader. In cinema, this period saw the heyday of the creativity of S. Bondarchuk, Yu. Ozerov, T. Lioznova, A. Tarkovsky, E. Ryazanov, L. Gaidai and others. 4. Development of artistic culture. S. Bondarchuk as P. Bezukhov.

In the theater, G. Tovstonogov, A. Efros, M. Zakharov, O. Efremov, G. Volchek and others offered their views on life. The actors E. Lebedev, K. Lavrov, S. Yursky, O. Basilashvili, V. Tikhonov, R. Plyatt, T. Doronina, etc. At the same time, a number of cultural figures immigrated abroad - V. Aksenov, A. Solzhenitsyn, I. Brodsky, A. Tarkovsky, M. Rastropovich, G. Vishnevskaya, etc. .d. 4. Development of artistic culture. A. Kalyagin as V.I. Lenin. “So we will win!” Moscow Art Theater

The Soviet ballet, which became the best in the world, was proud of M. Plisetskaya, M. Liepa, Vasiliev, N. Pavlova, while at the same time R. Nuriev, M. Baryshnikov, A. Godunov remained abroad and received recognition there. Opera art was presented by I. Arkhipova, V. Atlanotov, Z. Sotkilava, E. Obraztsova, T. Sinyavskaya, B. Shtokolov. Architectural achievements were associated with the names of V. Vuchetich, L. Krebel, N. Tomskaya and others. 4. Development of artistic culture. V. Vuchetich. Complex on Mamayev Kurgan.

A characteristic feature of the culture of the 60-70s. the flowering of the author's song began. He was associated with the work of the masters of the genre - B. Okudzhava, Yu. Vizbor, A. Gorodnitsky, Yu. Kim, A. Galich and younger authors - V. Vysotsky, V. Egorov, A. Sukhanov. A. Pugacheva, I. Kobzon, E. Piekha, L. Leshchenko, M. Kristalinskaya, M. Magomaev, V. Leontiev, S. Rotaru, E. Khil received enormous popularity on the Soviet stage. 4. Development of artistic culture. V. Vysotsky. B. Okudzhava. Y.Kim.

The education system was further developed. In 1974, a transition to universal secondary education was made, but the quality of education decreased, because there was no selection for high school. Over 20 years, the number of universities has increased 1.8 times. Every year they graduated 1 million specialists. At the same time, many of the objectives of the 1974 reform were not achieved due to a catastrophic lack of resources. 5. Education system. Lecture at MIET.

Verification test 1. The concept of developed socialism was proclaimed and promulgated by: A) N.S. Khrushchev B) L.I. Brezhnev C) K.U. Chernenko D) Yu.V. Andropov 2. In “distorting our reality, preaching decadence “The writer, author of the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” was accused: A) A.I. Solzhenitsyn B) F.A. Abramov C) V.P. Astafiev D) V.M. Shukshin 3. Defending his own assessments and judgments, speaking out against ideological pressure on cultural figures, the director of the films “Stalker”, “Andrei Rublev”, “Solaris” and others found himself in a foreign land: A) E.A. Ryazanov B) A.A .Tarkovsky B) A.S. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky D) G.E. Klimov 4. Academician, deprived of all state awards and exiled to Gorky for protesting the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan: A) A.I. Solzhenitsyn B) M.V. Keldysh C) P. L. Kapitsa D) A.D. Sakharov 5. The group for promoting the implementation of the Helsinki Agreements in the USSR, created in 1976 in Moscow, was headed by professor: A) A.D. Sakharov B) S.A. Kovalev C) A.D .Sinyavsky D) Yu.A.Orlov 6. The recognized leader of the “tape revolution” in the 70s was: A) I.D. Kobzon B) V.S. Vysotsky C) A.A. Voznesensky D) E. Khil 7. In the 70s, the most popular among Soviet people was the serial film directed by T.M. Liznova “Seventeen Moments of Spring” based on the novel by the writer: A) A.I. Solzhenitsyn B) Yu.S. Semenov C) V.V. Erofeeva D) V.P. Aksenova 8. The concerts of this famous satirist artist were always sold out. However, submitting to pressure from the authorities, in the 70s he was forced to stop including critical miniatures in performances in Moscow: A) M.M. Zhvanetsky B) A.I. Raikin C) Z.I. Vysokovsky D) Z.E .Gerdt