Literary tricks of the writer, which can be useful to everyone. Artistic techniques in literature: types and examples What is antithesis in literature
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Literature of the second half of the 19th century
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Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work are given in opposition. What is the name of the technique of sharp opposition used in a work of art?
A man of about sixty came in, white-haired, thin and swarthy, in a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink kerchief around his neck. He grinned, went to the handle to Arkady and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go first to your room, Evgeny Vasilich?
- Very good. Prokofich, take their greatcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov's "clothes" with both hands and, raising it high above his head, withdrew on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your place for a minute?
- Yes, we need to clean up, - answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of medium height, dressed in a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and lacquered ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that striving upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took from the pocket of his trousers his beautiful hand with long pink nails - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve buttoned by a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having made a preliminary European "shake hands", he three times, in Russian, kissed him, that is, three times touched his fragrant mustache to his cheeks, and said: "Welcome."
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly bent his flexible body and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought you weren’t coming today,” he said in a pleasant voice, swaying graciously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did what happened on the road?
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Name the literary direction in the mainstream of which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which were embodied in Fathers and Children.
Explanation.
I.S.Turgenev's creativity developed in the mainstream of realism. Realism is a style and method in art and literature, according to which objects of the visible world exist independently of human perception and cognition.
Answer: realism.
Answer: realism | critical realism
Maria Vostryakova 11.03.2017 10:34
Why in Task 8 No. 1497 type 1 the answer is "critical realism", and in Task 11 No. 1 type 1 the answer is "realism", if the tasks sound the same: "Name the literary direction in the mainstream of which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which found their embodiment in Fathers and Children?
Tatiana Statsenko
Both options are possible.
Explanation.
The work of I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" refers to the novel, since the novel is a literary genre, as a rule, prosaic, which involves a detailed story about the life and development of the personality of the protagonist (heroes) in a crisis, non-standard period of his life ...
Answer: a novel.
Answer: novel
| A | B | V |
Explanation.
А-4: Evgeny Bazarov - rudeness and harshness in assessments. Bazarov Evgeny Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, "nihilist". This is a cocky, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, goes ahead.
B-3: Arkady Kirsanov - openness and enthusiasm. Kirsanov Arkady Nikolaevich (AK) is a young nobleman, friend and student of Bazarov, but, unlike Bazarov, his fascination with nihilism is superficial. AK are attracted in this teaching by a sense of freedom, independence from traditions and authorities, the right to self-confidence and insolence. The hero does not reflect on the essence of "nihilism." In addition, AK is good-natured, ingenuous, simple and very attached to noble values, lifestyle, etc.
Q-2: Pavel Kirsanov - class arrogance. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich (PP) - the uncle of Arkady Kirsanov, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. The principles of PP are moderate liberalism, which includes the recognition of political freedoms, constitutions, aristocracy combined with Anglomania, worship of beauty and art.
Answer: 432.
Answer: 432
Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | V |
Explanation.
A-3: Evgeny Bazarov dies from a serious illness. Bazarov Evgeny Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, "nihilist". This is a cocky, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, goes ahead. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies of blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus.
B-4: Nikolai Kirsanov makes Fenechka a legal wife. Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich - nobleman, father of Arkady Kirsanov, widower, he is a weak man, but kind, sensitive, delicate and noble. This hero seeks to fulfill his romantic ideal in life - to work and seek happiness in love and art.
B-1: Pavel Kirsanov is wounded in a duel. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich (PP) - the uncle of Arkady Kirsanov, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. Hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he is slightly wounded in the leg.
Answer: 341.
Answer: 341
Explanation.
Such a detail is called a detail or artistic detail. Let's give a definition.
An artistic detail is a particularly significant, highlighted element of an artistic image, an expressive detail in a work, carrying a significant semantic, ideological and emotional load.
At the beginning of the given fragment, the heroes communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is the name of this type of speech?
Explanation.
This type of speech is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.
Dialogue is a literary form of oral or written exchange of statements (remarks) in a conversation between two or more people.
Answer: dialogue.
Answer: dialogue
Explanation.
What works of Russian classics reflect the relationship of representatives of different generations, and in what way can these works be compared with Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons"?
Explanation.
On the pages of the novel "Fathers and Sons", it is not just a conflict of generations that develops, it is a conflict of different social formations: nobles and commoners. Bazarov is a common nihilist. The Kirsanovs are liberals, nobles. In their argument, we see how different they are.
The conflict of generations is also shown in Griboyedov's Woe from Wit. Both Chatsky and Bazarov are heroes of a transitional period, when the ideals of the past were destroyed, and new ones had not yet formed. The inability to come to terms with reality and the inability to rise to a correct understanding of the meaning of life is the main reason for the inconsistency of young heroes from the galaxy of "superfluous people."
Explanation.
This technique is called antithesis or contrast. Let's give a definition.
Antithesis is a rhetorical opposition of a text, a stylistic figure of contrast in artistic or oratorical speech, which consists in a sharp opposition of concepts, positions, images, states, interconnected by a common structure or internal meaning.
Answer: antithesis or contrast.
Answer: antithesis | contrast
What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text (for example, a young month covered with smoke at the beginning and at the end of a fragment)?
Read the fragment of the text below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
By dusk, the cannonade began to subside. Alpatych left the basement and stopped at the door. The previously clear evening sky was covered with smoke. And through this smoke a young, high-standing sickle of the moon shone strangely. After the silence of the former terrible roar of guns, a silence seemed over the city, interrupted only by the rustle of footsteps, groans, distant screams and the crackle of fires, which seemed to be widespread throughout the city. The groans of the cook have now died away. Black clouds of smoke from the fires rose and spread from both sides. On the street, not in rows, but like ants from a ruined bump, soldiers in different uniforms and in different directions passed and ran. In the eyes of Alpatych, several of them ran into Ferapontov's yard. Alpatych went out to the gate. Some kind of regiment, crowding and hurrying, blocked the street, going back.
`` They are renting out the city, leave, leave, '' the officer who noticed his figure told him, and immediately turned to the soldiers with a shout:
- I'll let you run around the yards! He shouted.
Alpatych returned to the hut and, having called the coachman, ordered him to leave. Following Alpatych and the coachman, all of Ferapontov's household went out. Seeing the smoke and even the fires of the fires now visible in the beginning of twilight, the women, who had been silent until then, suddenly began to shout, looking at the fires. As if echoing them, the same cries were heard at other ends of the street. Alpatych, with the coachman shaking hands, was straightening the tangled reins and horses' trims under the shed.
When Alpatych was driving out of the gate, he saw how ten soldiers, loudly talking, poured sacks and knapsacks with wheat flour and sunflowers in the open shop of Ferapontov. At the same time, returning from the street to the shop, Ferapontov entered. Seeing the soldier, he wanted to shout something, but suddenly stopped and, clutching his hair, burst out laughing with sobbing laughter.
- Bring everything, guys! Don't get the devils! He shouted, grabbing the bags himself and throwing them out into the street. Some of the soldiers, frightened, ran out, some continued to pour. Seeing Alpatych, Ferapontov turned to him.
- I made up my mind! Race! He shouted. - Alpatych! made up my mind! I'll ignite it myself. I made up my mind ... - Ferapontov ran into the yard.
On the street, damming it all up, soldiers were continuously walking, so that Alpatych could not pass and had to wait. The owner of Ferapontova with her children also sat on the cart, waiting to be able to leave.
It was already quite night. There were stars in the sky and a young moon, occasionally obscured by smoke, shone. On the descent to the Dnieper, the carts of Alpatych and the hostess, slowly moving in the ranks of soldiers and other carriages, had to stop. Not far from the crossroads where the carts stopped, in an alley, a house and shops were on fire. The fire was already burning out. The flame either died away and was lost in the black smoke, then suddenly it flashed brightly, strangely clearly illuminating the faces of the crowd of people standing at the intersection.
L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Indicate the literary direction, the principles of which were embodied in the novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace".
Explanation.
The principles of realism were embodied in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. Realism is a true portrayal of reality.
Answer: realism.
Answer: critical realism | realism
What definition is added to the word "novel" to characterize the genre of "War and Peace"?
Explanation.
An epic is added to the word "novel", characterizing the genre of "War and Peace", since an epic is an extensive narration in verse or prose about outstanding national-historical events.
Answer: epic.
Answer: epic
Name the technique that the author resorts to when painting a picture of a retreat (“... like ants from a ruined bump<...>, soldiers passed and ran ").
Comparison is a trope in which one object or phenomenon is likened to another according to some common feature for them. The purpose of the comparison is to identify new, important, predominant properties for the subject of the statement in the object of comparison.
Answer: comparison.
Answer: comparison
What is the name of the intentional use of the same words in the text, which enhances the significance of the statement (“I made up my mind! Race!” He shouted. “Alpatych! Made up my mind! I'll ignite it myself. Made up my mind...»)?
Explanation.
This use is called repetition. Let's give a definition.
The deliberate use of the same words in the text, which enhances the significance of the statement, is called repetition.
Answer: repetition | lexical repetition.
Answer: repetition | lexical repetition
Tatiana Statsenko
In the dictionary we read:
S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.
refrain, -a, m. (special).
1. A verse or stanza, repeated in a certain order in a poem. Monotonous r. (also translated: about the frequent repetition of the same).
2. The theme of a piece of music, repeating in it and holding it together. structure. II app. refrain,
As we can see, the refrain is referred to in a poem.
What term denotes the way of displaying the inner state of the heroes, the thoughts and feelings that own them ("Alpatych with the coachman, with shaking hands, straightened the entangled reins"; "clutching his hair, burst out laughing with sobbing laughter")?
Explanation.
This term is called "psychologism". Let's give a definition.
Psychologism is an individualized reproduction of the inner world of people in literary works.
Answer: psychologism.
Answer: psychologism
Anna Andreeva (Artyomovsky) 15.06.2012 15:11
"Laughed with sobbing laughter" is not a human emotion?
Support
Laughing is not an emotion, but that is not the point. The question was about what term denotes the METHOD OF DISPLAYING the inner state of the heroes in a literary work.
The fragment begins and ends with a description of the fire in Smolensk. Indicate the term that denotes the location and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art.
Explanation.
This term is called composition. Let's give a definition.
Composition is the mutual correlation and arrangement of units of the depicted and artistic speech means in a literary and artistic work. The structure, plan of expression of a literary work; construction of a work of art.
Answer: composition.
Answer: composition
How, from your point of view, can explain the "strange" behavior of the merchant Ferapontov in the above episode?
Explanation.
## The "strange" behavior of the merchant Ferapontov is explained by the fact that the French are on the outskirts of the city. As a true patriot, the merchant Ferapontov does not want to feed the enemy army, preferring to burn his goods.
In what works of Russian classics does the theme of man in war sound and what brings these works closer to the novel by Leo Tolstoy?
Explanation.
The topic of man in war has been raised more than once in the works of Russian classical literature. In Bulgakov's novel "The White Guard", in A. Tolstoy's novel "Walking through the agony", B. Pasternak "Doctor Zhivago", in the works of the Soviet period: "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov, "The Defeat" by A. Fadeev. Following the traditions of L. Tolstoy, his followers showed how a person is “exposed” in the face of danger, how his essence is manifested. In harsh conditions, feelings of patriotism, mercy, compassion are sharper. So, in A. Fadeev's novel "The Defeat" Mechik cannot cope with his fears, is not able to take risks for the sake of his comrades, and in the end runs away from the detachment. Sholokhov's hero Andrei Sokolov, on the contrary, did not become embittered, did not break down under terrible trials, remained a patriot of his homeland: hungry, physically exhausted, he proudly looks into the eyes of a fascist, refusing to drink for the victory of German weapons. The merchant Ferapontov, the hero of War and Peace, does not think about his property, he is ready to give it away, he is ready to burn it so that the enemy cannot profit from his labors and triumphantly walk across Russian land. The problem of true and false patriotism raised by Tolstoy is close to both Sholokhov and Fadeev. these writers have similar views on the problem.
Explanation.
This detail is called a detail. Let's give a definition.
An expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text is called a detail.
Answer: detail.
Answer: detail | art detail
Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work are given in opposition. What is the name of the technique of sharp opposition used in a work of art?
Read the passage below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have supper and rest.
“It's really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching himself, and sank down on the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have supper, supper as soon as possible. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason. - By the way, and Prokofich.
A man of about sixty came in, white-haired, thin and swarthy, in a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink kerchief around his neck. He grinned, went up to the handle to Arkady and, bowing to the guest, stepped back to the door and put his hands behind his back.
- Here he is, Prokofich, - Nikolai Petrovich began, - he came to us at last ... What? how do you find him?
“At its best, sir,” said the old man, and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Would you like to set the table? He said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go into your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my little suitcase to be pulled there and this little garment, ”he added, taking off his robe.
- Very good. Prokofich, take their greatcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov's "clothes" with both hands and, raising it high above his head, withdrew on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your place for a minute?
“Yes, we need to clean up,” answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and lacquered ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov entered the drawing room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that striving upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took from the pocket of his trousers his beautiful hand with long pink nails — a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve buttoned by a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having made a preliminary European "shake hands", he three times, in Russian, kissed him, that is, three times touched his fragrant mustache to his cheeks, and said: "Welcome."
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly bent his flexible body and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought you weren’t coming today,” he said in a pleasant voice, swaying graciously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did what happened on the road?
- Nothing happened, - answered Arkady, - so, they hesitated a little.
I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
Name the literary trend in the mainstream of which the work of I. S. Turgenev developed and the principles of which were embodied in Fathers and Children.
Explanation.
The literary direction of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is critical realism. The author depicts the character of the character and his connection with social circumstances, gives an analysis of the character's inner world. Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a nihilist, his character is a reflection of time. The country is awaiting changes and he, anticipating them, denies the "old", expecting the "new". The novel was written in 1862. 1860-1870 - the era of reforms in Russia.
Answer: realism.
Answer: realism
What genre does the work of I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" belong to?
Explanation.
This work belongs to the genre "novel". A novel is one of the types of epic, narrative literature - a work that reflects a complex life process, a wide range of life phenomena shown in their development. The pictures of human life in the novel are given in their complexity and versatility. In the events depicted in the novel, unlike the story and the story, many characters usually take part, whose destinies and interests collide and intertwine. The life path of a person, his character in the novel is thus illuminated at different periods of human life in its various manifestations.
Answer: a novel.
Answer: Roman
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their inherent personality traits. For each position in the first column, match the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | V |
Explanation.
A-4: Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. Bazarov Evgeny Vasilievich - commoner, medical student, "nihilist". This is a cocky, cynical, strong person. He is confident in the correctness of his ideas, does not recognize other opinions, goes ahead.
B-3: Arkady Kirsanov is a young man who recognized Bazarov as an idol. Kirsanov Arkady Nikolaevich (AK) - a young nobleman, friend and student of Bazarov. But, unlike Bazarov, his fascination with nihilism is superficial. AK are attracted in this teaching by a sense of freedom, independence from traditions and authorities, the right to self-confidence and insolence. The hero does not reflect on the essence of "nihilism." In addition, AK is good-natured, ingenuous, simple and very attached to noble values, lifestyle, etc.
B-2: Pavel Kirsanov is a dandy, master. Kirsanov Pavel Petrovich - uncle of Arkady Kirsanov, an aristocrat, adheres to liberal views. He is 45 years old, "the whole appearance ..., graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and ... striving upward, away from the earth ..."
Answer: 432.
Answer: 432
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in this fragment and their further destiny.
Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
| A | B | V |
Explanation.
A-3: While practicing on the corpse of a typhoid patient, Bazarov injured himself and became infected. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies of blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. Before his death, he sees Madame Odintsova for the last time, who comes to him at his request.
B-4: The wedding of Nikolai Petrovich with Fenechka was simultaneously with the wedding of Arkady and Katya. In the finale of the work, Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich goes abroad forever.
Q-1: Bazarov slightly wounded Pavel Kirsanov and himself gave him first aid. Pvel Kirsanov hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he is slightly wounded in the leg.
Answer: 341.
Answer: 341
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, the Bazarov robe and Pavel Petrovich's English suite, noted by the author)?
Explanation.
Such a detail is called an artistic detail. An artistic detail is a detail of a landscape, portrait, interior or psychological characteristic of a hero, highlighted by the writer among all other details in order to emphasize its special pictorial, expressive or symbolic meaning.
Answer: an artistic detail.
Answer: detail | art detail
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
At the beginning of the above fragment, the heroes communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is the name of this type of speech?
Explanation.
Dialogue is a conversation between two or more persons in a work of art. In a dramatic work, the dialogue of the characters is one of the main artistic means for creating an image and character.
Answer: dialogue.
Answer: Dialogue
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
How is the main conflict of the work traced in this episode of Fathers and Sons?
Explanation.
The main conflict in the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" is a conflict between "fathers and children", which develops into a conflict between two social formations: liberals and commoners. In this episode, the author, using the method of antithesis, compares the elder Kirsanov with his smart clothes (“dark English suite”, “patent leather ankle boots”) with Bazarov, dressed in a “hoodie”.
Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat gentleman. In his face we see an aristocrat admiring himself, whose life has been reduced to general philosophical reasoning and regrets about the past. Pavel Petrovich did not shake hands with Bazarov, thus already at the beginning of their acquaintance he showed his disdain for the newcomer. Even without knowing the guest, he behaves arrogantly, selfishly. His impeccable appearance, as evidenced by the details: a beautiful hand with long pink nails, a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve, a face ... unusually regular and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light incisor, showed traces of wonderful beauty - opposes inner insignificance: he is completely not adapted to the new conditions of life, which are a direct threat to his peaceful existence. He treats ordinary people with disdain, a spiteful protest evokes in him everything new, democratic. The same uselessness and unsuitability for life, rejection of the new are manifested in the image of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, although during the first meeting he seems to be a hospitable and cordial host.
Evgeny Bazarov is opposed to the old world in everything. He prides himself on his simple origins and is confidently committed to fighting the remnants of the old days. He is distinguished from all the other heroes of the novel even by his appearance and manner of speaking. He is dressed in a long hoodie with tassels, wears long hair, which at that time was a demonstrative sign of free thinking. Bazarov speaks simply and clearly, can use a proverb or a proverb to the point, gives precise characteristics.
Take task number 13.
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
What works of Russian classics reflect the relationship between representatives of different generations and how can these works be compared with Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons"?
Explanation.
Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanovs are representatives of the liberal-minded nobility, who were once considered progressive, but are gradually losing their positions in the face of a new emerging diversity. Both of them belong to the camp of "fathers", opposed in the novel to "children", represented by the nihilist Bazarov. For him, a man of action, the principles of "fathers" are an empty excess, unnecessary to anyone, hindering progress.
The conflict between "fathers and children" is shown by Griboyedov on the pages of the comedy "Woe from Wit". Chatsky, personifying the emerging new generation of enlightened nobles, who wants to give his life for the benefit of the Fatherland, opposes the stagnant society of Famusov, in which ignorance, obscurantism, idleness and servility reign.
In the drama N.A. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" homebuilding is gradually crumbling by the unwillingness of the "children" to obey the tyranny of the older generation. The main character Katerina does not fit into the order of the "dark kingdom". Despite the courtesy and outward subordination of Kabanova, Katerina does not want and cannot live as is customary in Kalinov: by lies, deceit, submitting to the undivided power of tyrants. This is precisely what caused Katerina's protest.
Thus, the problem of “fathers and children” traditionally in Russian classical literature goes beyond the everyday framework, becoming a social conflict, and sometimes a political one.
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
Explanation.
This technique is called contrast or antithesis.
Contrast is a pronounced opposition of traits, qualities, properties of one human character, object, phenomenon to another. The use of contrast, contrasting features, colors, characteristics makes it possible for the writer to sharply emphasize and reveal certain aspects of a person, thing, landscape.
Antithesis is one of the stylistic figures: the turn of poetic speech, in which, to enhance expressiveness, directly opposite concepts, thoughts, and character traits of the characters are sharply opposed.
Answer: contrast or antithesis.
Answer: contrast | antithesis
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 for literature.
The attitudes and opinions of the participants in this scene are different. Indicate the term denoting a clash, confrontation between characters or any forces that underlies the development of the action of a literary work.
Read the passage below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2. STEP 1
Phenomenon 5
Kabanova, Kabanov, Katerina and Varvara
Kabanova. If you want to listen to your mother, as soon as you get there, do as I ordered you.
Kabanov. But how can I, mamma, disobey you!
Kabanova. Elders are not respected very much nowadays.
Barbara (inwardly)... You will not respect you, of course!
Kabanov. I think, mama, not a step out of your will.
Kabanova. I would have believed you, my friend, if I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes and with my ears heard what the respect for parents from children has now become! If only they remembered how many diseases mothers endure from their children.
Kabanov. I, mamma ...
Kabanova. If the parent says something when and offensive, by your pride, so, I think, it could be transferred! A! how do you think?
Kabanov. But when, mamma, could I not bear it from you?
Kabanova. Mother is old, stupid; Well, and you, young people, smart, should not exact from us, fools.
Boars (sighing to the side)... Oh, my God! (Mother.)
Do we dare, mamma, to think!
Kabanova. After all, from love, parents are strict with you, because of love they scold you, everyone thinks to teach good. Well, I don’t like it these days. And the kids will go to the people to praise that the mother is a grumble, that the mother does not give a pass, she squeezes out of the light. And, God forbid, some word will not please the daughter-in-law, well, the conversation began that the mother-in-law had completely eaten.
Kabanov. Nothing, mamma, who is talking about you?
Kabanova. I haven’t heard, my friend, I haven’t heard, I don’t want to lie. If I had heard, I would have spoken to you, my dear, then not so. (Sighs.) Oh, a grave sin! How long is it to sin! A conversation close to your heart will go, well, you will sin, you will be angry. No, my friend, say what you want about me. You can't tell anyone to talk; they will not dare in the eyes, so they will be behind the eyes.
Kabanov. Dry your tongue.
Kabanova. Full, full, don't swear! Sin! I've seen for a long time that your wife is dearer than your mother. Since I got married, I don’t see your old love from you.
Kabanov. Where do you see it, mamma?
Kabanova. Yes in everything, my friend! What a mother does not see with her eyes, so her heart is a thing, she can feel with her heart. Al's wife, or something, takes you away from me, I really don't know.
Kabanov. No, mamma! what are you, have mercy!
Katerina. For me, mamma, everything is the same as my own mother, that you, and Tikhon loves you too.
Kabanova. You, it seems, could have kept quiet if they didn’t ask you. Do not intercede, mother, I will not offend, I suppose! After all, he is my son too; do not forget that! Why did you jump out in your eyes to whine! To see, perhaps, how you love your husband? So we know, we know, in the eyes you prove it to everyone.
Barbara (inwardly)... Found a place to read.
Katerina. You are talking about me, mamma, in vain you say this. Whether with people or without people, I am all alone, I don’t prove anything from myself.
Kabanova. I didn't even want to talk about you; and so, by the way I had to.
A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
Indicate the author's definition of the genre of the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm".
Explanation.
A drama is a dramatic work that does not have clear genre features, which combines the techniques of different genres; sometimes such a work is simply referred to as a play.
Answer: drama.
What nickname did the inhabitants of Kalinov give to Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova?
Explanation.
Martha Ignatievna's surname was Kabanova, and for her despotic and tough character she was given a rude nickname - Kabanikha.
Answer: Kabanikha.
Answer: Kabanikha
In a fragment of the play, there is an exchange of remarks between the characters. Specify a term for a conversation between two or more persons.
Explanation.
This form of communication is called dialogue. Let's give a definition.
Dialogue or polylogue is a conversation between two or more persons in a work of art. In a dramatic work, the dialogue of the characters is one of the main artistic means for creating an image and character.
Answer: dialogue or polylogue.
Answer: Dialogue | polylogue
What term denotes a violation of the usual word order in a phrase ("After all, because of love, parents are strict with you")?
In the drama A.N. Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" homebuilding is gradually crumbling by the unwillingness of the "children" to obey the tyranny of the older generation. Snarls with Varvara's mother, Tikhon timidly contradicts. The main character Katerina does not fit into the order of the "dark kingdom". Despite the courtesy and outward subordination of Kabanova, Katerina does not want and cannot live as is customary in Kalinov: by lies, deceit, submitting to the undivided power of tyrants. This is precisely what caused Katerina's protest.
The theme of fathers and children was raised by I.S. Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons". Considering himself a liberal aristocrat, Pavel Petrovich is proud of his "principles", but this pride is empty, because his "principles" are only words. He is not at all adapted to the new conditions of life, which are a direct threat to his peaceful existence. He treats ordinary people with disdain, a spiteful protest evokes in him everything new, democratic. The Kirsanovs do not want to put up with the fact that their life is gradually becoming a thing of the past, and that they are being replaced by Bazarov, who personifies a new generation with his views.
In Sholokhov's novel Quiet Don, the Melekhovs' house rests on the leadership of the elders. Pantelei Prokofich is a hardworking owner, sometimes quick-tempered, but kind and sensitive at heart. Despite the intra-family split, Pantelei Prokofich is trying to combine the pieces of the old life into one whole - at least for the sake of his grandchildren and children. To save the family, he forbids Gregory to see Aksinya. However, the son, although he does not express an open protest to his father, does not listen to him, decides to do what he wants.
Thus, the problem of "fathers and children" is traditional for Russian classical literature, and sometimes goes beyond the everyday framework, becoming a social conflict.
Explanation.
Conflict is a clash of opposing views of the characters in the epic, drama, in the works of the lyric-epic genre, as well as in the lyrics, if there is a plot in it. The conflict is realized in the verbal and physical actions of the actors. The conflict unfolds thanks to the plot.
“Let me ask you,” Pavel Petrovich began, and his lips trembled, “in your understanding, do the words:" rubbish "and" aristocrat "mean the same thing?
“I said, 'aristocratic,'” said Bazarov, lazily sipping a sip of tea.
“Exactly so, sir: but I suppose you have the same opinion of aristocrats as you do of aristocrats. I consider it my duty to tell you that I do not share this opinion. I dare to say that everyone knows me for a liberal man who loves progress; but that's why I respect aristocrats - real ones. Remember, my dear sir (at these words Bazarov raised his eyes to Pavel Petrovich), remember, my dear sir, - he repeated with bitterness, - the English aristocrats. They do not yield an iota of their rights, and therefore they respect the rights of others; they demand the fulfillment of duties in relation to them, and therefore they themselves fulfill their duties. The aristocracy gave freedom to England and supports it.
“We have heard this song many times,” objected Bazarov, “but what do you want to prove by this?
- I want to prove it, my dear sir (Pavel Petrovich, when he was angry, with the intention of saying: "eftim" and "efto", although he knew very well that grammar does not allow such words. , in rare cases, when they spoke their native language, some people used it - ephto, others - ehto: we, they say, are indigenous hares, and at the same time we are nobles who are allowed to disregard school rules), I want to prove that without feeling self-dignity, without respect for oneself - and these feelings are developed in an aristocrat - there is no solid foundation for a public ... bien public, public building. Personality, my dear sir, is the main thing: the human person must be strong as a rock, for everything is built on it. I know very well, for example, that you are pleased to find my habits, my toilet, my tidiness at last funny, but all this stems from a sense of self-respect, from a sense of duty, yes, yes, duty. I live in a village, in the wilderness, but I do not drop myself, I respect the person in myself.
“Excuse me, Pavel Petrovich,” said Bazarov, “you respect yourself and sit with folded hands; what is the use of this for the bien public? You wouldn't respect yourself and do the same.
Pavel Petrovich turned pale.
- This is a completely different question. I do not have to explain to you now why I sit with folded hands, as you please to express myself. I just want to say that aristocracy is a principle, and only immoral or empty people can live without principles in our time. I said this to Arkady the next day of his arrival, and I repeat it to you now. Isn't that right, Nikolai?
Nikolai Petrovich nodded his head.
- Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles, - said Bazarov meanwhile, - just think how many foreign ... and useless words! The Russian person does not need them for nothing.
- What do you think he needs? Listen to you, this is how we are outside of humanity, outside of its laws. Have mercy - the logic of history requires ...
What kind of literature does the work of IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" belong to?
Explanation.
The work of I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" refers to the epic.
An epic is a kind of literature (along with lyrics and drama), a narrative about events assumed in the past (as if accomplished and remembered by the narrator). The epic embraces being in its plastic volume, spatio-temporal extent and eventful richness (plot). According to Aristotle's Poetics, the epic, unlike lyrics and drama, is impartial and objective at the moment of narration.
Answer: epic.
Answer: Epic
Answer: Metaphor
Elvira Kazakova 15.09.2016 18:23
266. Composite verb predicate with a phraseological phrase
To burn with impatience is a phraseological unit.
what is the name of the sharp opposition of different situations in a work of art and got the best answer
Answer from Bob Faratiev [guru]
Antithesis is one of the techniques of stylistics, which consists in comparing specific representations and concepts related to each other by a common construction or internal meaning. Ex. : "Who was nothing, he will become everything." Sharply shading the contrasting features of the compared members, A. precisely because of its sharpness is distinguished by too persistent persuasiveness and brightness (for which this figure was so loved by the romantics). Therefore, many stylists treated A. negatively, and on the other hand, poets with rhetorical pathos are noticeably addicted to it, such as, for example. at Hugo's or today at Mayakovsky's. Symmetry and analytical nature of A. make it very appropriate in some strict forms, such as, for example. in the Alexandrian verse (see), with its clear division into two parts.
Answer from Hope[active]
Antithesis - (from the Greek antithesis - opposition), in fiction, a stylistic figure, a comparison of sharply contrasting or opposite concepts and images to enhance the impression. For example: "I am a tsar, - I am a slave, - I am a worm, - I am a god" (G.R.Derzhavin) or in the titles - "War and Peace" by L. N. Tolstoy, "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky , "Guile and Love" by F. Schiller.
Answer from ASYa[newbie]
antithesis, no doubt
Answer from Vladislav Vishnyakov[newbie]
Literary srach)
Answer from 3 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what is the name of the sharp opposition of various situations in a work of art
Here we are at home, - said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his caps, shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have supper and rest.
“It's really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching himself, and sank down on the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have supper, supper as soon as possible. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason.
- By the way, and Prokofich.
A man of about sixty came in, white-haired, thin and swarthy, in a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink kerchief around his neck. He grinned, went to the handle to Arkady and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
- Here he is, Prokofich, - Nikolai Petrovich began, - he came to us at last ... What? how do you find him?
“At its best, sir,” said the old man, and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Would you like to set the table? He said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go first to your room, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my little suitcase to be pulled there and this little garment, ”he added, taking off his robe.
- Very good. Prokofich, take their greatcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov's "clothes" with both hands and, raising it high above his head, withdrew on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your place for a minute?
- Yes, we need to clean up, - answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of medium height, dressed in a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and lacquered ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that striving upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took from the pocket of his trousers his beautiful hand with long pink nails - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve buttoned by a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having made a preliminary European "shake hands", he three times, in Russian, kissed him, that is, three times touched his fragrant mustache to his cheeks, and said: "Welcome."
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly bent his flexible body and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought you weren’t coming today,” he said in a pleasant voice, swaying graciously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did what happened on the road?
- Nothing happened, - answered Arkady, - so they hesitated a little
Question 6:
Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work
opposed to each other. What is the name of the reception of a sharp
oppositions used in a work of art?
Explanation: To complete this task, you need to know artistic techniques. A technique that sharply opposes the characters to each other is called an antithesis.
Answer: antithesis
KIM USE 2016 (early period)
-… Neil Pavlich, and Neil Pavlich! How did he, the gentleman who was reported just now, shoot himself in St. Petersburg?
- Svidrigailov, - someone from the other answered hoarsely and indifferently.
rooms.
Raskolnikov shuddered.
- Svidrigailov! Svidrigailov shot himself! He cried.
- How! Do you know Svidrigailov?
- Yes ... I know ... He recently arrived ...
- Well, yes, I recently arrived, lost my wife, a man of behavior
dumbfounded, and suddenly shot himself, and so scandalous that it is impossible to imagine ...
left in his notebook a few words that he was dying in his sanity and asks no one to blame him for his death. This money, they say, had.
How do you deign to know?
- I ... know ... my sister lived in their house as a governess ...
- Ba, ba, ba ... Yes, you can tell us about it. Didn't you even suspect?
“I saw him yesterday… he… drank wine… I didn't know anything.
Raskolnikov felt that something seemed to fall on him and his
pressed down.
- You seem to have turned pale again. We have such a stale spirit here ...
- Yes, I have to go, - muttered Raskolnikov, - I'm sorry,
disturbed ...
- Oh, have mercy, as much as you like! The pleasure was delivered, and I am glad
declare ...
Ilya Petrovich even extended his hand.
- I only wanted ... I go to Zametov ...
- I understand, I understand, and they gave me pleasure.
- I'm ... very glad ... goodbye, sir ... - Raskolnikov smiled.
He went out, he rocked. His head was spinning. He didn't feel if he was standing. He began to descend the stairs, resting his right hand against the wall.
It seemed to him that some janitor, with a book in hand, pushed him, climbing up to meet him in the office, that some dog was barking and barking somewhere in the lower floor, and that some woman threw a rolling pin at her and screamed. He went downstairs and went out into the yard. Here in the courtyard, not far from the exit, stood Sonya, pale, all dead, and looked at him wildly, wildly. He stopped in front of her. Something sick and jaded
expressed in her face, something desperate. She threw up her hands.
An ugly, lost smile pressed across his lips. He stood for a while, grinned, and turned upstairs, again into the office. Ilya Petrovich sat down and rummaged through some papers. Before him stood the one
the very man who just pushed Raskolnikov, climbing the stairs.
- Huh? You again! Did you leave anything? .. But what about you?
Raskolnikov, with pale lips, with a fixed gaze, quietly approached him, went up to the table itself, rested his hand on it, wanted to say something, but could not; only some incoherent sounds were heard.
- You are ill, chair! Here, sit on a chair, sit down! Water!
Raskolnikov sank into a chair, but did not take his eyes off his face.
unpleasantly surprised Ilya Petrovich. Both looked at each other for a minute and waited. They brought water.
“It's me…” Raskolnikov began.
- Drink some water.
Raskolnikov withdrew the water with his hand and quietly, with arrangements, but distinctly said:
It was I who killed the old official and her sister Lizaveta with an ax.
and robbed.
Ilya Petrovich opened his mouth. They came running from all sides.
Raskolnikov repeated his testimony.
(F.M.Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment")
1. What is the name of the form of allegory characteristic of fables, parables? ( Allegory)
2. What is the term that is used in literary criticism to denote an expression that has become winged? OR: In the speech of the heroes of the play there are many short, figurative sayings expressing original thoughts (for example, in the speech of Ash: “You are not a nail, I am not pincers ...”). What are these statements called? OR: Many remarks of the heroes of the play have become common (for example: "You cannot always cure a soul with truth"). Indicate the term that denotes apt figurative expressions containing a complete philosophical thought. ( Aphorism)
3. How are the characters who do not appear on the stage called in literary criticism? OR: In the stories of Mrs. Prostakova and Skotinin, “the deceased father” and uncle Vavila Faleleich appear. What are the names of the characters mentioned in the speech of the heroes, but not appearing on the stage? ( Off-stage)
4. What is the name of the monologue in a literary work that the hero pronounces "to himself"? ( Internal monologue)
5. Wishing to show his importance, Khlestakov uses an obvious exaggeration: "thirty-five thousand couriers alone." What is the name of an artistic technique based on exaggeration? ( Hyperbola)
6. One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is the disclosure of the character of the hero through his surname. What are these names called? OR: The surname of Khlestakov, like the surnames of other characters in the play, has a certain figurative characteristic. What are these names called? ( Speaking)
7. Indicate the name of the technique of artistic exaggeration, in which plausibility gives way to fantasy, caricature. ( Grotesque)
8. What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text? OR: Indicate the name of the detail that gives the story a special expressiveness (for example, a tear that rolled out from Chichikov. OR: What is the term for a significant minor detail that contains an important meaning (for example, Father's chest from the story of Mrs. Prostakova)? ( Detail)
9. What term denotes the form of speech of characters, which is an exchange of replicas? OR: The text of the fragment is an alternation of the characters' statements facing each other. What is the name of this form of verbal communication? ( Dialogue)
10. Specify genre to which the work belongs. (Epic genres: Novel, story, story, fairy tale, fable, epic, short story, sketch ... Dramatic genres: drama, comedy, tragedy ...
11. Determine genre of work... Fonvizin "The Minor" is a comedy. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is a comedy. Gogol "The Inspector General" is a comedy. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" is a drama. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" is a comedy. Gorky "At the Bottom" is a drama.
12. Which one genre variety does the novel relate? ( Socio-philosophical, psychological, social and everyday ...)
13. To what stage in the development of the action does this fragment belong? ( The beginning, the climax, the denouement). OR: What is the name of the moment of the highest tension in the development of a dramatic plot. ( Climax).
14. The free, easy-going nature of the characters' speech is emphasized in this fragment by breaking the direct order of words in their phrases: "I will give you money for them"; "After all, I have never sold the dead." Name this technique. ( Inversion)
15. What is the name of the type of description in literary works that allowed the author to recreate the atmosphere of the dwelling? OR: Indicate the term used in literary criticism to describe the setting of the action, the interior decoration of the premises ("... in the corner, in front of the black board of the icon of the Virgin of the Three-handed, a lamp was burning, they sat down at a long table on a black leather sofa ..."). ( Interior)
16. Name the artistic device, which consists in the fact that the implied meaning of a word or phrase is opposite to the literal one ("A skilled worker to interpret decrees"). ( Irony)
17. The fragment begins and ends with a description of the fire in Smolensk, etc. Indicate the term that denotes the location and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art. OR: What is the term for the organization of parts of a work, images and their connections? ( Composition)
18. The fragment depicts a sharp clash of positions of the heroes. What is the name of such a collision in the work? OR: Clashes between characters are detected from the very beginning of the play. What is the name of the irreconcilable contradiction underlying the dramatic action? ( Conflict)
19. Type conflict? (Public, love, social). OR: The conflict associated with the relationship between the hero and the heroine determines the plot action of "Clean Monday" by I.A. Bunin. Give a definition of this conflict. ( Love)
20. Within what literary direction was this work created? ( Sentimentalism, classicism, realism, symbolism ...). OR: Indicate the name of the literary movement of the 18th century, the tradition of which Griboyedov continues, endowing some of the heroes of his realistic play with “speaking” surnames - characteristics. ( Classicism) OR: What is the name of the literary movement, the principles of which are partly formulated in the second part of the fragment presented ("to bring out everything that is in front of our eyes every minute and that indifferent eyes do not see - all the terrible, amazing mud of little things that have entangled our life")? ( Realism)
21. Indicate the type of path based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others ("flame of talent"). OR: What is the term for the means of allegorical expressiveness, which the author refers to when describing the gigantic ship Atlantis: “... the floors ... were gaping with fiery innumerable eyes”? ( Metaphor)
22. What is the name of a detailed statement of one hero? ( Monologue)
23. At the beginning of the episode, a description of the night village is given. What is the term for such a description? OR: What term is customary to denote the description of nature? ( Landscape)
24. Indicate a trope representing the replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase. ( Periphrase)
25. What is the name of the intentional use of the same words in the text, which enhances the significance of the statement? OR: "Yes, he hated me, hated ...", "It's so hard, so hard." What is this technique called? ( Repeat)
26. Name an artistic tool based on the image of a person's appearance, his face, clothes, etc. ("The fluff on her upper lip was covered with frost, the amber of her cheeks turned slightly pink, the blackness of the raik completely merged with the pupil ..."). OR: At the beginning of the fragment, a description of the character's appearance is given. What is the name of this characterization tool? ( Portrait)
27. The speech of the heroes is replete with words and expressions that violate the literary norm ("such rubbish", "cushion me", etc.). Indicate this type of speech. ( Vernacular)
28. What term denotes a way of displaying the inner state of heroes, thoughts and feelings? OR: What is the name of the image of the hero's inner experiences, manifested in his behavior? ("Confused, blushing all over, making a negative gesture with his head")? ( Psychologism)
29. Events in the work are presented from the perspective of a fictional character. What is the name of the character in the work who is entrusted with the narration of events and other characters? ( The narrator)
30. What is the name of the hero who expresses the author's position? ( Resoner)
31. The first act of M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" opens with the author's explanation: "A basement that looks like a cave. The ceiling is heavy stone vaults, smoked, with fallen off plaster ... ". What is the name of the author's explanation that precedes or accompanies the course of the action in the play? OR: Indicate the term used in the plays for the author's brief comments (“Teasing him,” “With a sigh,” etc.). ( Remark)
32. Name the term that denotes the statement of the characters in the play. OR: What is the name of a separately taken phrase of an interlocutor in a stage dialogue in drama? ( Replica)
33. Indicate the name kind literature to which the work belongs? ( Epic, drama)
34. What is the name of a special kind of comic in literary criticism: ridicule, exposure of the negative aspects of life, their depiction in an absurd caricature (for example, the image of generals in the fairy tale of M. Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals"? ) ( Satire)
35. Describing the tavern where the heroes arrived, I.A. Bunin uses a figurative expression based on the correlation of two objects, concepts or states that have a common feature (“it was paired, like in a bathhouse”). What is the name of this artistic technique? OR: Indicate the technique used by the author in the following phrase: "... soaring high above all other geniuses in the world, like an eagle soaring above others flying high." ( Comparison)
36. What is the name of the part of the act (action) of a dramatic work, in which the composition of the characters remains unchanged? ( Scene)
37. What is the term for the totality of events, turns and twists and turns of action in a work? ( Plot)
39. Artistic time and space- the most important characteristics of the author's model of the world. What traditional spatial reference point does Goncharov use to create the image of a symbolically saturated enclosed space? ( House)
41. The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, the circumstances that took place before it began are described. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named signs. OR: What term is customary to denote a part of a work where circumstances preceding the main events of the plot are depicted? ( Exposition)
42. What is the term for the final component of the work? ( Epilogue)
43. What is the name of a means in literary criticism that helps to describe a hero ("weak", "puny")? OR: What are the names of figurative definitions that are the traditional means of artistic depiction? (
Here we are at home, - said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his caps, shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have supper and rest.
“It's really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching himself, and sank down on the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have supper, supper as soon as possible. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason.
- By the way, and Prokofich.
A man of about sixty came in, white-haired, thin and swarthy, in a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink kerchief around his neck. He grinned, went to the handle to Arkady and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
- Here he is, Prokofich, - Nikolai Petrovich began, - he came to us at last ... What? how do you find him?
“At its best, sir,” said the old man, and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Would you like to set the table? He said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won't you go first to your room, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my little suitcase to be pulled there and this little garment, ”he added, taking off his robe.
- Very good. Prokofich, take their greatcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov's "clothes" with both hands and, raising it high above his head, withdrew on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your place for a minute?
- Yes, we need to clean up, - answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of medium height, dressed in a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and lacquered ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair gleamed with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; especially good were the light, black, oblong eyes. The whole appearance of Arkadiev's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that striving upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took from the pocket of his trousers his beautiful hand with long pink nails - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of a sleeve buttoned by a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having made a preliminary European "shake hands", he three times, in Russian, kissed him, that is, three times touched his fragrant mustache to his cheeks, and said: "Welcome."
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly bent his flexible body and smiled slightly, but did not give his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought you weren’t coming today,” he said in a pleasant voice, swaying graciously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did what happened on the road?
- Nothing happened, - answered Arkady, - so they hesitated a little
Question 6:
Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov from the first pages of the work
opposed to each other. What is the name of the reception of a sharp
oppositions used in a work of art?
Explanation:
The answer is contained in the question itself, the main thing is to know the definition. " opposing principles are fighting. What is the name of
a similar confrontation "-
conflict
Answer: conflict
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