“The positive and negative influence of man on nature. Is there a positive or negative impact of charity on the political sphere of society? Positive or negative influence

This problem has been talked about before, is being talked about now, and will continue to be talked about for a long time. There is no doubt that there is harm from social networks. Many people have now come to this conclusion, including psychologists, scientific researchers, as well as analysts, marketers and many other specialists. If you are still on networks such as VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, then you are actually in a kind of “prison”. If you don’t understand why, then we will try to explain it to you.

Reason one.

In ancient times, social networks were created in order to unite people into groups of like-minded people, as well as to carry out a quick process of communication between people or groups of people. But whether this reason could be true is worth thinking about. Isn't that the reason that these social networks were created to collect information about their users? Many of you have already created a page with your real name and surname, or maybe you should also enter your passport information? Have you ever thought that your data can be used by both your ill-wishers and special services, be it the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for example. Most people have already changed their data or registered a new page on a social network, which will contain less data than the previous one.

Reason two.

Frequent use of social networks can negatively affect your psychological health and cause you to become addicted to the Internet, and in particular to social sites. Have you ever felt that you sit very often and for a long time, for example, on your VKontakte page? Many of you, when you open your browser for the first time that day, the first thing you do is visit your pages on social networks. Actually, you have already taken the bait and are sitting in a kind of “prison” called social networks. Can this be considered a normal phenomenon, these social networks are simply starting to slowly “eat” our brains.

Reason three.

Now you should check yourself for addiction to social networks and the Internet in general. For such a check, you can start by simply not visiting social networks for a while (at least a week). At this time, you can do things that you previously could not do because you were busy playing a new game or looking at new photos from friends. Happened? If yes, then all is not lost for you, and maybe, on the contrary, you will be able to find something more interesting for yourself than hanging around VKontakte for days.

Reason four.

Maybe it’s time to think about why it happened that social networks only bring harm and nothing good can come from it. In fact, the answer to this deep question is quite simple. Man himself is a social being and he simply needs communication and society itself is very important for him. In our world it is simply impossible to imagine your life without other people. But it turned out that normal communication was gradually replaced by electronic communication, which only social networks can give us. And what did all this lead to? Live communication itself was simply taken away from a normal person. Indeed, now many may think, why would I go outside if I can just write to ICQ or send an email, or even easier, write on the “wall” of a friend or girlfriend. And many people see such a plus in social networks as an unlimited number of friends. But such an overabundance of communication can lead you to lose interest in your interlocutor. First you lose interest in one of your interlocutors, then in another, and then you lose interest in life altogether.

Reason five.

And probably the most terrible. Social media is very harmful and poses a danger to children. This happened because they contain a huge amount of information, from which children most often need to be protected. Now it will not be difficult for each of us to imagine who will actually grow up from a child who, from an early age, watches forbidden films and listens to obscene songs. Many of you will now definitely think that something good is unlikely to come out of this child than from a child who read books and drew, for example. Mass degradation of the school generation is dangerous for society and humanity as a whole.

Reason six.

This reason lies in the dangers of dating through social networks. In general, there is not much harm, unless you end up with a rapist. A fraudster or a maniac. It's worth being more vigilant. People who want to talk to you about interesting topics will never be interested in your relationship. Keep your personal life and online life separate.

Yes, on the one hand, the saving of time and effort is obvious. You don’t need to leave the house at all, go anywhere, and you can start communicating absolutely at any time of the day, and if you’re tired of your interlocutor, then you can simply turn off the Internet and not communicate anymore. Social networks are very common these days and due to the fact that they have completely different concepts of their work, they easily divide users among themselves. Even the most ardent fans of the Internet choose one single social network for themselves and communicate with their family and friends through it. In addition, in order to ensure that the interest of users never falls, and therefore the profit of developers does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases, new products and innovations are constantly being invented. This helps retain regular residents of social networks, and, of course, attract new users.

Social networks allow their users not only to communicate and receive new information, but also to find information about the products and services offered. Nowadays, promotion on social networks has become a common way of advertising on the Internet.

But, among other things, social networks have a number of negative features. With their help, it is very easy to manipulate the consciousness and mood of huge masses of people, especially for young people, who are very susceptible to influence. So in January, during the beginning of mass unrest in Egypt, the Egyptian government issued a decree that all providers, without exception, cease their activities. This happened because the first calls for riots appeared on social networks.

In addition, all information, all your photos and contacts, phone numbers that you indicate during registration are saved in the database, and you will never be able to delete them from there again.

You may find it, or they may find you too. It seems to me that in the modern world it is very important to maintain communication with each other, because in the constant flow of events, affairs and worries it is easy to lose contact with friends and loved ones.

Social networks provide an opportunity to make new acquaintances, and this, in turn, is a chance to find like-minded people, people with the same interests. It is enough to join the desired group that has attracted attention, and the rest is a matter of technique. You can just communicate online, but who knows, maybe virtual communication will turn into real one?

Social networks make it possible to view files, videos and photos of other users, leave comments, and exchange messages. Of course, such communication will never replace a lively, emotional and open dialogue, but it will help you relax, lift your spirits, or simply “kill time.”

On the one hand, this is not bad. But on the other hand... The danger lies in the fact that virtual communication is gradually replacing real communication, becoming predominant in a person’s life, and this is already a minus. This problem especially concerns children and adolescents. On a social network, everything is simple and impersonal: I typed a message, sent it, received a response. There are no facial expressions, movement, eye contact, no real emotions. A person who communicates virtually on the Internet for a long time loses the habit of simple human communication and becomes dependent on the computer and the network itself. He loses the skill of real contact with his own kind in life, where he cannot do without it, it will be difficult for him. This is a direct path to autism. And this is a serious problem in modern society, especially among young people. Gradually, an addiction appears that a person does not want to admit. Often people waste their personal time fruitlessly and unjustifiably, performing actions “automatically.” Teenagers become irritable and withdrawn if the computer is not at hand, misunderstandings with parents and conflicts arise, which naturally affects the child’s mental health and his relationships with others. This addiction to virtual communication among teenagers is understandable - no one will force you to contact an unpleasant interlocutor, no one reads morals and teaches you how to live. Tired of communicating - click the mouse on the “cross”, and goodbye. In real life, things are not so simple. We must also understand that social networks themselves do not give rise to such shortcomings; the occurrence of “minuses” is mainly due to the human factor, the behavior of an individual.

Firstly, teenagers are incredibly easily influenced by others. And, thanks to the ability to create thematic groups, add video files, graphics and audio recordings, any registered user will be able to attract the child’s attention. And who knows what exactly the user on the other side of the screen wants to achieve? The social network is filled not just with pirated files, but also with materials calling for violence, racism and extremism! Moreover, you can easily find dozens of profiles whose owners offer illegal drugs and intimate services. The child does not need to look for anything - everything is freely available and in one place.

Secondly, teenagers are extremely dependent on the opinions of their environment. And the social network VKontakte actively plays on human vanity. Children will go to great lengths to get an avatar that is cool enough in their opinion. Children are ready to capture every corner of their home and every piece of their body from the most incredible angles in order to receive the coveted “Like” heart from their friends.

Thirdly, the social network VKontakte consumes a huge amount of time and is more addictive than alcohol or cigarettes. It is almost impossible to tear a child away from the monitor screen - he is ready to sit for hours, viewing updates from friends, chatting and playing numerous gaming applications. A day without access to a social network turns into a catastrophe on a planetary scale, because the teenager is firmly convinced that if he does not go to his page, he will miss all the most important things that are currently happening in the lives of his friends. This is why the social network ranks first in the ranking of meaningless time wasters.

So is it worth prohibiting a child from spending his time on the VKontakte social network? Certainly not. This is exactly the devil who is not as scary as he is painted. No amount of social media will turn a thinking and responsible child into a murderer or drug addict. Likewise, a teenager who is inclined to aggression will not be saved by the lack of access to them. Therefore, if you really take a responsible approach to raising your heirs, VKontakte is not a threat to you. However, try to make sure that the child does not stay too long there, because in the real world there are a million things that are worth forgetting about the existence of social networks once and for all!

I'll give you an example from my life. The conversation took place about three months ago. As usual, I went for a walk with my friends. We started a topic about a social network, namely VKontakte. We considered all the pros and cons; it was very difficult for us to conclude whether this network was good or bad. After all, on the one hand, we can always come to an agreement and talk with someone when we cannot go out and talk in reality. We can exchange photos, videos and audio recordings. But, on the other hand, it takes up a lot of our free time, most people don’t do their homework, thinking that after “surfing” on the Internet for a while, they’ll do it, but it doesn’t take long, like 20-40 minutes, but it turns into hours. Where does time go so quickly? When communicating both on the Internet and in reality, we do not notice time. Therefore, my friends and I came to the conclusion that we need to somehow get rid of this, because everyone is aware of their Internet addiction. We decided to delete our pages from social networks in order to somehow regain what we had missed from life. After all, it is because of the Internet that we often have misunderstandings with our parents and other adults; we cannot imagine life without the Internet, and they cannot imagine life on the Internet.

Measures to take if you suspect your child has an Internet addiction can be seen in Appendix 1.

Increasingly, a child receives as a gift not a car or a doll, but a game console, disk or computer. The Internet and websites for children have taken over the free time of our younger generation. What, exactly, is the problem if the child plays with pleasure and at the same time learns computer literacy?

Positive influence

“It’s not that bad!” — say psychologists from Case Western Reserve University (USA). From 1985 to 2008, research was carried out: having distributed toys to children aged 6-10 years, they asked them to come up with stories about them and recorded them on video. Having compared the results, we came to the conclusion that modern children are more relaxed and fantasize more than 20 years ago. Their characters were more diverse and vibrant, more details appeared, and the stories themselves contained less hidden aggression, fights and arguments. Researchers note that although today's children play little in real life, they have excellent imagination. And the same sites with video games, the Internet, as well as, in total, the entire diverse modern world, stimulate it, develop memory, attention and coordination.

Bad influence

It is not easy to explain to a child that if he sits at the computer for a long time, this can affect not only his health, but also his social adaptation. As psychiatrists explain, computer technologies are designed for the brain of an adult, while a child’s brain is just being formed and cannot simultaneously recognize the virtual and real world. Up to 3 years old, the baby should actively smell, touch, feel; up to 6 years - develop fine motor skills of hands: cut, sculpt, paint, lace. After 6 years, a child should be able to play and occupy himself with the screen off and without the help of websites.

The lack of live communication in family and society is the main reason for screen addiction. Losing communication skills in life, the child also loses interest in the real world, and the virtual one seems brighter and safer to him. For example, a child, upset because of failure at school, visits and, immersing himself in the virtual world, forgets about the problem. The most interesting thing is that research proves not only psychological dependence on computer games, but also physiological. Video game sites stimulate the central nervous system and promote the release of adrenaline. If a person needs more stimulation, then he needs more adrenaline. What happens next is the same as with alcohol and drugs - the need arises to increase the dose to satisfy the body.

Another negative aspect of the influence of websites and computers on a modern child is a lag in speech development, the inability to think logically and quickly, and the lack of adequate communication with others. The result of this is poor learning of school material and a poor social position in the future.

It has been scientifically proven that a child does not acquire virtually any new abilities by studying on a computer. Carrying out one of the experiments, we created three groups of equally developing six year olds. We taught one group computer programs and games for a whole year, another group to play the piano, and a third group nothing at all. A year later, it turned out that children from the second group achieved the greatest mental development, and children from the first and third groups were not particularly different from each other.

Mom, can I play on the computer?

Having analyzed all the pros and cons of playing on a computer, let’s still protect the health and fragile minds of our children from debauchery and violence on game sites and videos that a child can come across on the vast expanses of the Internet.

How to do it?

• Agree with your child about the time spent at the computer - up to 7 years old, this can be no more than 15 minutes four times a day.
• After playing on the computer, discuss new characters, their actions, and feelings caused by the new game.
• Do one-minute visual gymnastics with your child 7-8 minutes after starting to work on the computer and after finishing it. For example, imagining a butterfly flying under the ceiling, the baby needs to follow its flight from one corner of the room to another with his eyes.
• Organize a workplace that is appropriate for the child’s age:
• the chair must have a back;
• you need to sit no closer than 50-70 cm from the computer;
• the gaze should rest perpendicular to the center of the screen;
• the presence of free space (5 cm) between the body and the edge of the table;
• hands lie freely on the table;
• legs are bent at the hip and knee joints at a right angle and stand stably under the table;
• The table with the computer is located in a well-lit place so that there is no glare on the screen.

For parents there is a simple rule “3-6-9-12”:

up to 3 years - no computer;

up to 6 years - no consoles;

up to 9 years old - no Internet;

under 12 years of age - use the Internet under adult supervision.

Conclusion

Perhaps today's children shouldn't be judged harshly for their online gaming interests. Sometimes they don’t even know how to occupy their free time, and the characters on the websites replace Cossack robbers for them, and football simulators replace real football in the yard.

Let's not discount parents' busyness, indifference and indifference, inattention to the child's problems, and reluctance to play. But it is in real play that the child experiences his fears, doubts and grievances. And if you only knew how important your opinion, your presence and your love are for the baby!

Actually, allow children to visit sites with games, but only within reasonable limits. When a child sits at home at the computer and does not go outside, this is already bad.

Blog about healthy lifestyle.

Positive and negative effects of stress on human health

Translated from a foreign language, the word stress means “tension,” which is why this condition is often identified with nervous tension. It should be understood that the concept itself is much deeper. It is based on a nonspecific response of the body to a physical or psychological influence. This threatening condition provokes the emergence of a number of diseases, as it disrupts the balance in the body by mixing the mechanisms of the autoimmune and nervous systems. Today I propose to consider the positive and negative effects of stress on human health. You may ask, “How can stress be good?” Read the article and find out everything.

Negative effects of stress

There is ongoing research in the scientific community to understand the effects of stress. It has been proven that stressful situations have a bad effect on the human psyche and also negatively affect the formation of the brain in children. This has been confirmed by experiments on baby monkeys. They were separated from their parents for six months, and after this period they had a brain scan, which showed an increase in its size. The outcome turned out to be irreversible.

Psychological traumas received in childhood make themselves known in in adulthood through metabolic disorders. Such changes can be inherited by descendants at the genetic level up to the third generation.

You probably don't know that negative impact of stress can spread from person to person. And personal relationships even enhance the effectiveness of infection. If there are no emotional connections between people, stress is still transmitted, although to a lesser extent. This form of stress is called empathic. Both women and men feel the stress of others equally.

As a result of the stress of everyday life—everyday unpredictable troubles—depression may even develop in people who are prone to it. An interesting fact is that strong individuals who have good self-control in critical situations succumb to the blues due to banal everyday difficulties.

The consequences of chronic stress include memory impairment, obesity, problems with the heart muscle and digestive organs. There is a direct connection between stress and cancer.

It turns out that stress can be beneficial if it is short-term. Thanks to it, the formation of nerve cells is stimulated. Neurons mature and become integrated into neural networks, which can result in improved memory.

Also, a small stressful situation helps speed up brain processes, so a person is more actively engaged in the necessary work. The positive effect of stress (in a short form) lies in toning the immune system, which has a beneficial effect on the condition.

Stress can increase the amount of adrenaline in the blood, sharpen the sense of smell and touch, which is necessary to interact with the outside world and support the body in “combat readiness.” If people were freed from daily stress, it would provoke illness, melancholy, boredom and dullness. After all, emotions and excitement are very necessary for a person.

People are well adapted to cope with mini-stresses if the situation is under control, of course. Both positive and negative emotions are important, because without emotional tension, life itself will end.

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7 Examples of the Positive Effects of Stress

We all want less stress in our lives. After all, it is unhealthy and has been linked to excess weight, heart attacks, hair loss and other problems.

However, at the same time, stress can also serve us well. Without stress, we wouldn't have enough energy to take action.. Feelings of anxiety trigger the fight-or-flight response, which produces a surge of energy thanks to the hormones cortisol and adrenaline.

But exactly when there is too much stress or it lasts long enough, it begins to harm us. It's all about balance. Stress in small amounts is necessary, but in excess it has a detrimental effect on the psyche and body.

So when your palms start to sweat before a performance or your heart starts racing while you're sitting in the dentist's chair, remember that your defense system is kicking in and you can benefit from short-term stress.

1. Strengthens the immune system

If you feel a little stressed when you're under pressure at work, your body will also start working extra hard to support you.

Stress Helps the immune system fight viruses and bacteria, as the stress-regulating adrenal gland balances your immunity. This gland helps produce cortisol in response to physical and emotional stressors so you can tap into your energy reserves and fight off infection.

But when stress levels remain high for more than a few hours, the adrenal gland becomes overtaxed, and your chances of getting sick increase.

2. Helps with recovery after surgery

The thought of undergoing surgery can be stressful. But the short-term stress of surgery may actually be to your advantage, helping you recover faster. The biological changes that occur during short-term stress help prepare our body for a stressful situation.

In nature, wounds usually occur after a stressful situation. Temporary stress contributes to a surge of stress hormones in anticipation of possible results and prepares us for quick healing. This happens through the release of our body's protectors - immune cells - into the bloodstream, which are sent to where they are most needed, that is, to the skin and lymph nodes.

Researchers tested this theory in humans by collecting blood samples from patients undergoing knee surgery before and after the procedure. Patients whose immune systems responded to the stress of surgery by mobilizing and distributing large numbers of pathogen-fighting cells recovered more quickly and completely.

3. Promotes feelings of affection

Stress can motivate you to connect with other people. Short-term stress increases the level of oxytocin, that is, the bonding hormone, which in turn suppresses the production of the stress hormone adrenaline and lowers blood pressure by dilating the arteries.

This helps protect us from the greater effects of anxiety.

4. Improves the effectiveness of the vaccine

Does the sight of needles make you shiver? This reaction may prolong the protective effect of the vaccine.

When the researchers studied mice exposed to acute stress during vaccination, they found that the subjects there were more disease-fighting T cells and a greater immune response nine months later than those who did not experience stress.

5. Improves memory

Have you ever found yourself in a stressful situation where your perceptions and sensations seemed to be heightened? It is the sudden release of hormones in the prefrontal cortex that improves working memory, which we resort to when solving problems and processing of sensory information.

Although chronic stress can lead to problems associated with Alzheimer's disease, acute stress improves memory.

So in the experiment, mice exposed to stress performed a memory task better than calmer subjects. Researchers emphasize that acute stress engages key brain receptors necessary for the type of memory needed to solve upcoming problems.

6. Fights tumors

Chronic stress suppresses the immune system and leads to disease, while short-term stress can help fight skin cancer. In a study where mice were exposed to ultraviolet light for 10 weeks, those that were mildly stressed (they were kept in plastic ventilated tubes) had fewer tumors than those who were not stressed.

One explanation for this may be the fact that stress contributed to the expression of more genes that activate the immune system, and this led to suppression of tumor growth.

7. Increases endurance

Whether you're stressed because you lost your job or have family problems, these feelings can change your life.

When psychologists asked 2,400 people to talk about their negative experiences, be it divorce or some kind of disaster, they found that those who faced some kind of adversity were more balanced than those whose path was smoother. Facing problems makes us more resilient, and we are better able to cope with subsequent challenges of fate.

The effects of stress on the human body

Nowadays, the concept of stress and the impact stress has on the body are relevant and are being actively studied by specialists. The main reason for this is the transition of stress to the category of ordinary phenomena. A person of any age, gender and social level can be a victim of the harmful effects of stressful situations. Through this reaction, the body tries to protect itself from an atypical situation that forces it to make difficult decisions and leave its comfort zone.

The effect of stress on the body's condition

Stressful situations can arise due to the influence of any factor. However, scientists usually divide possible causes of development into two main categories - external and internal.

If we try to consider the reasons why stressful situations arise, we can highlight the following factors:

Too high professional load.

Not having a good intimate or personal life.

Facing misunderstanding from family and friends.

Urgent need for finance.

Having a pessimistic mood.

Low self-esteem.

A situation in which the demands on both oneself and the environment are too high.

The state of internal struggle of the individual.

Low self-esteem is one of the causes of stress

However, you should not think that such conditions can be caused exclusively by situations with a negative attitude. According to experts, the effect of stress on the body can also be observed in the case of an excess of positive emotions. This can happen when you move up the career ladder quite quickly or after the couple gets married.

As soon as it is possible to establish which events provoked stress, the cause must be eliminated as soon as possible. You should not be afraid of changing your life and reduce negative influences to a minimum.

Formation of a specific reaction

During life, any living creature tries to adapt as best as possible to the environment and circumstances. However, back in 1936, scientists proved that the ability to adapt does not work under stress. The reason for this was the changes in hormonal levels that occur during strong emotional changes.

Based on the data obtained during the research, three stages of stress are distinguished, namely:

Anxiety. This stage is considered to be a kind of preparation, during which the hormone is released.

Resistance stage. During this stage, the body resists the disease, and the person himself becomes more irritable and aggressive.

Exhaustion. The struggle squeezed all the juice out of a person and depleted all the energy resources of the body. It is during this stage that the serious consequences of stress begin.

During the exhaustion stage, the impact of stress on a person manifests itself through psychosomatic disorders. And also during this stage, the development of deep depression or even death occurs.

Stress and physical health

Many people, thinking about the impact of stress on the body, first of all project the consequences of this unfavorable state exclusively on the physical level. And this is not at all surprising, because thoughts are thoughts; they can still be justified. But when the body starts to hurt, there is no time for jokes and excuses.

The consequences of stress can be disappointing not only when a person’s physical health is already weakened. Against the background of such conditions, many negative changes and processes occur in the body of a previously healthy person.

Stress affects your appearance

Today, the following main manifestations of the influence exerted by a strong emotional change on physical health are distinguished:

A person experiences pain in the head area that does not have a characteristic localization.

A person exposed to this situation suffers from insomnia and chronic lack of sleep.

Functional abnormalities in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The effect of stress on human performance can also hardly be called positive. When under stress, a person suffers from increased levels of fatigue, impaired concentration and decreased performance.

Stress is a common cause of bloating and gas. In the same way, due to tense situations, more serious problems in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract can develop.

If a person has cancer problems, then their exacerbation is observed.

The negative impact of stress causes a decrease in the body's defenses, which increases the risk of the appearance and development of viral diseases.

Functioning of neuroendocrine regulation.

Stress is also dangerous for the body because it can lead to the development of metabolic diseases (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and others).

The negative impact of stressful situations can also be expressed through degeneration of brain tissue or muscle rigidity. In some cases, the development of atony is observed.

Stress as a reaction of the human body to negative emotions can also cause alcohol or even drug addiction.

To sum it up briefly, there is only one conclusion - human health can suffer greatly from the influence of severe or prolonged stress. And this, in turn, suggests that when faced with the problem of a stressful state, it is necessary to solve it without delay.

Impact on mental state

Since school, each of us knows that the psyche is an integral part of health. Therefore, a stressful situation, when it occurs, has a direct impact on a person’s mental balance. And in order to correctly understand whether you are susceptible to harmful influences, you need to clearly know how exactly stress affects the psyche.

To date, experts have identified the following mental consequences of stress:

The development of depression, neuroses and other disorders that are mental in nature.

People lose interest in life and lack desires.

The sleep and wakefulness patterns are disrupted.

The person has emotional instability.

The appearance of an internal feeling of anxiety that is very persistent.

This is exactly how hormonal disruption, provoked by exposure to stressful situations, affects a person and his mental balance.

Imbalance leads to various disorders, resulting in inappropriate behavior and feelings of apathy.

Manifestations in terms of work

Stress affects the body not only through diseases of various organs and systems and the inability to think correctly. Agree, the monotony of work, constant emotional upheavals and a state of tension sooner or later leads to the fact that a person cannot work productively.

Stress and its impact on a person professionally manifests itself as follows:

A person regularly makes mistakes when performing his actions.

The desire to sleep increases.

There is no or very little appetite.

Noises in the head or even migraines appear.

There is pain in the eyes.

Thoughts become soaring, it is very difficult for a person to concentrate on what needs to be done.

It becomes increasingly difficult to continue working.

Head noise and migraines appear

As can be seen from this list, the impact of stress on human behavior and activity is far from the most positive. And given the fact that fatigue accumulates, if you do nothing, then, in the end, you can completely lose your ability to work. It is for this reason that it is recommended to return to normal before stress and its effect on the human body leads to catastrophic consequences.

Positive effects of stress

It may be hard to believe, but experts have found that in some situations stress has a positive effect. However, this only occurs when the stressor was short-lived.

To date, the following manifestations of the positive impact of stressful situations have been identified:

1. Impact on the nervous system. In such situations, nerve cells are activated, which is why the brain begins to work with maximum productivity. There is also an improvement in working memory.
2. The level of the hormone responsible for tenderness and trust increases in the body.
3. In a state of short-term stress, the body activates spare energy reserves. Thanks to this, motivation and strength are found to further solve the problem that caused the change in emotions.
4. When experiencing stress, the human body increases its endurance.
5. The body's defenses are increased by activating the immune system.
6. Analytical abilities are sharpened, which helps to make the right decision.

To summarize, we can safely say that not all stress is uniquely negative. There are cases when the body's functioning improves rather than worsens when a stressful situation occurs. But this does not mean at all that you need to constantly subject yourself to short-term shocks, because the more stressful situations a person experiences, the more the positive effect changes to negative.

Restore the body after a stressful situation

Morally strong people differ from others in that they have a high level of resistance to negative situations occurring in their lives. The ability to fully control your behavior undoubtedly allows you to protect yourself from the attacks of stress. You can hide from situations that cause unpleasant sensations.

However, in order to feel and act normally, it is important to learn how to deal with any problem.

The following stress prevention methods will help restore your body and strengthen it:

Release of emotions

While in privacy, take a deep breath and shout as loud as your vocal cords will allow. It is ideal to do this activity in nature. Experts say that the most effective is to shout the same word three times.

Breathing exercises

Sometimes proper breathing is a lifeline in cases where you need to get rid of unusual feelings and emotions. To calm down, it is often enough to take deep breaths through your nose for a minute and then exhale through your mouth.



Breathing exercises promote mental harmony

Scientists have proven in the course of their research that bringing the breathing rhythm back to normal helps to establish mental harmony.

Physical exercise

You can neutralize the effect of stress on human health through moderate stress on the body. And in this case, we are talking not only about sports, but also about any everyday concerns that require the use of physical strength. Cooking, cleaning or doing laundry - all this can help a person normalize his mental state.

Support from loved ones

The opportunity to open your soul, speak out and receive support in return always helps to cope with negativity and overcome an unpleasant situation.

Russian bath

Visiting a bathhouse not only reduces the impact of stress on a person’s health to a minimum, but also helps to cope with many diseases, the progress of which has nothing to do with hormonal levels and emotional upheavals.

Stressful situations have little positive effect, but can greatly spoil the general condition. Changes in emotions and its consequences affect the thyroid gland, brain, and internal organs. To protect yourself from all possible troubles, you should learn not to take minor situations to heart and show worthy resistance to the more serious negativity that is increasingly nearby.

Positive and negative effects of stress on the human body

Since ancient times, such a state of the body as stress has been necessary to preserve life. He saved from death and gave the command to immediately mobilize all the strength and capabilities of the body. The benefit of stress was a quick reaction to danger. Rapid breathing, increased blood pressure, and the appearance of aggression. In this condition, all parts of the body are well supplied with blood, the brain makes quick decisions, the muscles tense and are able to perform many tasks that require endurance or quick movements. The strength for this is provided by glucose, adrenaline and cortisol, which, under the influence of stress, are released into the blood, provoke excitement and give a powerful impetus to action.



Stress - positive and negative sides

What are the benefits of stress?

Stress can be beneficial for health when it is short-term tension that is not associated with negative experiences. The blood is saturated with oxygen, the pupils dilate, blood pressure rises moderately, energy appears for active actions, and vitality rises sharply.

The positive aspects of such reactions of the body are that under its influence the activation of neuropeptides occurs. These substances restore metabolic processes, improve memory and relieve insomnia. Endorphin, the hormone of joy, is released into the blood; the feeling of danger and anxiety goes away; your mood rises, which allows you to be more psychologically stable in various situations.

“Good” stress is the birth of a child, physical activity during sports, joyful events that happen in life.

With short-term stress, immunity increases. This occurs due to an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. The attachment hormone oxytocin is produced, which helps to establish communication with new acquaintances and strengthen old connections. Only with short-term stress does the process of perception and processing of information improve, neural connections are strengthened, which is the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.



A stressful situation will help you achieve new results. Only by going beyond your capabilities can you implement complex projects or achieve sporting achievements.

Psychophysiological stress can be controlled. Scientists have found that there is so-called adaptation energy, which is inherent in the body from birth. It helps to cope with sudden changes in a person’s usual environment. With saturated stress, which the body considers limiting, energy for adaptation begins to be released and leads the body to stabilize its condition.

Classification of stress

There are several types of stress:

7. Distress is a state that has a negative impact. It worsens health and leads to diseases that the body itself cannot cope with.
8. Emotional stress leads to moral exhaustion and reduces productivity.
9. Psychological stress is associated with problems of being in society. Society dictates its own rules, obliges us to adhere to many norms and moral principles, control over negative emotions, the accumulation of which leads to breakdowns.
10. Eustress is associated with positive emotions. In the process of exposure to eustress, the mood rises, mobilization of forces occurs and a state of mild euphoria occurs. This is the result of minor short-term exposure to a stimulus.



Pleasant stress - wedding

What are the dangers of stress?

The entire human organ system still reacts to stimuli, but over time the environment has changed, there is no moment-to-moment danger that threatens life. Psychophysiological stress began to acquire completely different properties and functions.

The positive influence of voltage decreased sharply and acquired new characteristics. Whether a person needs stress is a very controversial question. In big cities there is active interaction with other people, so the emotions that a person experiences have not changed at all. Reactions to them have been preserved since ancient times, but they no longer receive an outburst. Hormones accumulate in the body and affect its physical level.



Effect on organs

Negative effects or negative effects of stress on the human body:

11. The release of adrenaline and cortisol causes aggression. The impossibility of realizing such a state leads to severe emotional imbalance.
12. The appearance of anxiety makes it difficult to concentrate and prevents you from thinking clearly.
13. Depression is a disease of modern society. It is a direct result of the negative effects of stress.
14. The functioning of organs is disrupted: the cardiovascular system, digestive organs and brain suffer, and immunity decreases.



The negative impact of stress on the human body has been proven. There are three stages of psychophysiological stress:

1. home
2. Articles
3. Positive and negative effects of stress

We feel the influence of stress on ourselves every day, as it is an integral part of our lives. Stress affects us to a lesser or greater extent, but one way or another we react to them. There are situations for which we prepare in advance - passing exams, visiting a doctor, going to the theater, training in a fitness center or gym, etc. - all this is planned stress, but preparing an annual report, conflicts in the team, failure to fulfill the goal tasks at work, various kinds of public speaking - this is already professional stress. A simple extraordinary situation that awaits us on the street or in public transport can sometimes cause severe emotional stress. With such a variety of situations, we receive our share of both positive (eustress) and negative (distress) emotions, sometimes without thinking about what kind of stress it is and what effect stress has on the body.

Positive effects of stress

Positive effects of stress positive events in our lives (celebrations, excellent successes of our children at school, a child’s performance at a matinee in kindergarten and other joyful events in life) bring us an increase in vitality and energy. Eustress helps to mobilize all the body's forces, improves immunity and increases vitality.

So, for example, when meeting old acquaintances, a friendly kiss (being a positive stress) has a lot of benefits, activating neuropeptides in the human body that regulate metabolism in the body, help increase immunity, improve memory and quality of sleep. Positive emotions increase the heart rate, which serves as a good workout for the heart muscle, and a short-term increase in pressure helps release a significant amount of oxygen into the bloodstream. At positive effects of stress endorphins are produced - hormones of joy, which improve our mood, which makes us look at the world in a more rosy light, without nervousness and irritation.

Any negative stress causes a surge in energy flow due to increased production of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline.

Negative effects of stress

Short term negative impact of stress ( not associated with tragic circumstances or permanent separations) according to the latest data from scientists, helps to mobilize all the body’s defenses, strengthens the immune system, helping the body resist viruses and bacteria, and recover after surgery, since the hormones produced by the adrenal gland have the property of healing wounds. During short-term stress, oxytacin (the attachment hormone) is produced, which dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, helping to strengthen relationships between people in difficult situations. Such stress increases the body’s ability to more easily tolerate vaccinations, the effects of which are significantly prolonged, and to resist the development of cancerous tumors. An instant release of hormones in the prefrontal cortex during short-term stress improves memory, speed of action, and develops the body's endurance.

Another thing is that negative stress that lasts for a long time (more than several hours, usually associated with the loss of loved ones, divorce or long-term separation) can have a negative impact on human health. Such stress can provoke excess weight, cardiovascular diseases, weaken the immune system (frequent colds and viral diseases), cause relapse of herpes, type 2 diabetes, and cause many diseases, including depression and insomnia. Hair loss and sudden appearance of dandruff are also negative impact of stress!

But in any case, you need to be able to manage stress and take timely measures to quickly remove its influence.

Proper stress management

For proper stress management you need to be able to relax - in these cases, the “meditation” technique, yoga, etc. are well suited; in any case, it is necessary to concentrate on activities that distract from the stress experienced. This technique allows you not only to get rid of negativity, but also to avoid the development of hypertension, migraine attacks, and manifestations of insomnia. Relaxing techniques combined with a balanced diet and active physical activity are even more effective.

Prolonged exposure to air and the use of herbal medicine also gives positive results and will help you return to normal life. Used since ancient times in folk medicine - valerian officinalis, motherwort, lemon balm and blue cyanosis (blue St. John's wort, Greek valerian), skillfully combined in a biologically active complex Nervo-Vit, made using cryo-grinding technology at low temperatures, which preserves all the healing properties of these plants, which are enhanced by vitamin C - your first aid in case of stress.

Proper stress management won't allow negative effects of stress on your body!

The employment rate of the working-age population in the former USSR at the end of the 80s was one of the highest in the world: it rose to 95%. Due to

with this answer the following questions:

1) What does a high level of employment indicate - a low or high level of economic development?

2) Can there be unemployment with a high level of employment? If so, in what form - explicit or implicit?

3) It is known that employment growth in the 80s occurred due to the involvement of women in production. Did this have a positive or negative effect on the birth rate?

B4. Characteristics of the political system of society require consideration of its individual components. Which of the following is a normative

subsystem of the political system of society?

1) political traditions

2) party charter

3) political ideals

4) party program

6) political culture

A16. Are the following judgments about the political system of society correct?

A. The political system of a society may include public organizations.

B. The political system of society includes government bodies.

1. only A is correct

2. only B is correct

3. both judgments are correct

4. both judgments are incorrect

A12. Are the following statements about socialization correct?

A. In the process of socialization, the process of assimilation by the individual of the sociocultural experience necessary for life in a given society occurs.

B. The process of socialization does not depend on the social status of the individual.

1. only A is correct

2. only B is correct

3. both judgments are correct

4. both judgments are incorrect

A17. The Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal document of direct effect. It means that

1) its main goal is the recognition and protection of human and civil rights

2) it is based on international documents ratified by the state

3) in case of violation of his rights, a person can go to court, referring to its articles

4) under no circumstances can changes or additions be made to it.

A20. Are the following judgments about branches of law correct?

A. Civil law regulates property, as well as personal non-property relations associated with them.

B. The subject of regulation of financial law is social relations in the field of taxation.

1. only A is correct

2. only B is correct

3. both judgments are correct

4. both judgments are incorrect

A16. Are the following judgments about the institutions of civil society correct?

A. One of the directions for the development of civil society in modern Russia is the creation of boards of trustees at schools.

B. Citizens can defend their interests through civil society institutions such as the court and the prosecutor's office.

1. only A is correct

2. only B is correct

3. both judgments are correct

4. both judgments are incorrect

A1 Select the legislative bodies of the Russian Federation:

1) Government of the Russian Federation; 2) Federation Council;

3) President of the Russian Federation; 4) State Duma.

A2 Appointment to the positions of judges of the Constitutional, Supreme, and Higher Arbitration Courts is carried out:

1) the President of the Russian Federation; 2) the Federation Council;

3) Government of the Russian Federation; 4) State Duma.

A3 Connect the concepts with their content.

1) state

a) independence from external circumstances, independence, determination only by internal laws

2) autonomy

b) a society of economically independent citizens who have personal freedom, protected by the state and law, actively participating in the life of society and influencing the state with the help of social structures created by them

3) civil

society.

c) a special form of organization of society, built on the principle of management

A4 Highlight the features of a rule of law state.

1) the rule of law;

2) economic independence of citizens based on private property;

3) the principle of separation of powers;

4) non-interference by the state in the private life of citizens.

A5 Select the executive authorities of the Russian Federation:

1) Supreme Court; 2) President of the Russian Federation;

3) State Duma; 4) Government of the Russian Federation.

A6 Define the powers of the State Duma:

1) approval of the Decree on the introduction of a state of emergency; 2) announcement of amnesty;

3) appointment to the position of chairman of the Central Bank; 4) resolving the issue of trust in the government.

A7 The electorate is:

a) everyone who enjoys the right to vote in a given state and can take part in elections;

c) a small group of people who occupy a leading position in society and influence government power.

A8 Highlight the signs of a non-legal state:

1) dominance of one party;

2) elected government bodies;

3) regulation of the lives of citizens;

4) protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

A 9. Political relations are the relations of people regarding:

1) exchange and distribution of production products; 2) power in society;

3) consumption of material goods; 4) production of spiritual values.

A 10. The passage to representative bodies of power only of those candidates who received a majority of votes in their districts is typical for:

1) majoritarian electoral system; 2) proportional electoral system;

3) direct delegation of deputies; 4) mixed electoral system.

A11.Are the following judgments about electoral systems true:

A. The proportional system ensures representation of the entire spectrum of political forces.

B. The majoritarian system creates advantages for small parties.

1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.

In the second paragraph of the first chapter, we identified the main components of the environment: school, family, friends, acquaintances, peers and the media. All this fundamentally affects the upbringing and development of the child, but this influence can be both positive and negative.

Let's consider the reasons that negatively affect the upbringing and development of teenage children.

The negative influence of the social environment on the upbringing of a teenager can be considered as the destructive influence of school, family, peers or the media, which form antisocial personality traits in a teenager.

These include the following:

1) dysfunctional family relationships associated with deep psychological discomfort, negative psychological microclimate in the family (asocial families);

2) the influence of acquaintances, relatives and friends with deviant behavior who use psychoactive substances;

3) unfair, rude, cruel attitude towards a teenager from teachers, classmates;

4) deviations in the state of mental and physical health and development, age-related crises;

5) propaganda of violence and cruelty through the media;

6) availability of tobacco, alcohol, drugs.

A special role is played by the family, which has the greatest influence on the upbringing and development of the child, as it lays the foundations for the child’s positive or negative behavior.

The family can have a negative influence in case of improper upbringing. There are types of improper upbringing in the family:

Neglect and lack of control occur when parents are overly busy with their own affairs and do not pay due attention to their children. As a result, children are left to their own devices and spend their time looking for entertainment and fall under the influence of “street” companies.

Overprotection - the child’s life is under vigilant and tireless supervision; he hears strict orders and numerous prohibitions all the time. As a result, he becomes indecisive, lacking initiative, fearful, unsure of his abilities, and does not know how to stand up for himself and his interests.

Cinderella-type education, i.e. in an atmosphere of emotional rejection, indifference, coldness. The child feels that his father or mother does not love him and is burdened by him, although it may seem to outsiders that his parents are quite attentive and kind to him. The child worries especially strongly if someone else in the family is loved more. This situation contributes to the emergence of neuroses, excessive sensitivity to adversity or embitterment in children.

“Hard education” - the child is severely punished for the slightest offense, and he grows up in constant fear.

Upbringing in conditions of increased moral responsibility - from an early age the child is instilled with the idea that he must necessarily justify the numerous ambitious hopes of his parents, or else he is entrusted with unbearable worries that are not childish. As a result, such children develop obsessive fears and constant anxiety for the well-being of themselves and their loved ones.

The lack of positive social experience, underdeveloped and unformed worldview, system of value orientations, ethical norms and aesthetic tastes contribute to adolescents choosing negative, illegal areas of application of their activity, which inevitably affects their behavior, the formation of personality, and social appearance. A significant role in this process is played by the lack of timely, necessary pedagogical, psychological, social and medical assistance to adolescents.

The state of the family, its atmosphere, and social status also influence the upbringing of a teenager.

The following factors have a negative impact: single-parent families, poverty, low socio-cultural level of parents, lack of family traditions, denial of the child’s self-worth, parents’ permissive attitude towards their children’s use of psychoactive substances.

Thus, a teenager can often see or hear how the illegal and unpunished enrichment of a certain group of the population occurs at the expense of another, while some of them achieve not only material success, but also receive recognition from others and even penetrate the power structures of society without meeting appropriate resistance . All this influences the formation of life and social guidelines and ideals of adolescents.

The negative impact of the school can be expressed by the following factors:

1. Imperfection of the organization of management of the processes of training and education: poor material security of the school; the lack of an established, systematic connection between the school and the students’ families and the lack of leverage over parents who are not involved in raising the child through the public; shortage of subject teachers; frequent cancellation of lessons; unsatisfactory organization of extracurricular activities; lack of children's organizations at school.

2. Professional failure of some teachers, expressed in ignorance of child and developmental psychology; authoritarian or permissive style of relationships in the “student-teacher” system; biased approach to assessing students' knowledge, labeling; suppression by teachers of the student’s personality (threats, insults, etc.).

3. Introduction of new educational programs, reassessment of value guidelines and, as a result, misunderstanding of “what and how to teach?”

4. Low level of development and educational motivation of children entering school.

The listed factors are external, objective in nature. However, in addition to negative external, objective influences, the child is influenced by internal risk factors, which teachers must distinguish. These include: a feeling of one’s own insignificance and uselessness, low self-esteem, self-doubt, insufficient self-control and self-discipline, ignorance or rejection of social norms and values, inability to think critically and make adequate decisions in various situations, inability to express one’s feelings and reactions to oneself and other people.

The positive influence of the social environment on the upbringing of a teenager can be considered as the beneficial influence of school, family, peers or the media, which form in a teenager such personality traits as: mutual understanding, respect, attentiveness, education, etc.

The reasons that positively influence the upbringing of a teenager include the following:

1) The family can positively influence the upbringing of a child if the following conditions are met: family well-being (material, psychological), respect for the child, the presence of positive behavioral stereotypes, avoidance of authoritarian parenting styles, spending time together, assistance in education, etc.

2) The school can have a positive impact through the provision of positive behavior patterns; respectful attitude towards students; building a pedagogical process aimed at developing the abilities and skills of each child; use of democratic parenting styles.

3) The media can have a positive influence on the upbringing of adolescents through the promotion of positive characters in films, television and radio programs.

4) Friends and relatives can also form a positive stereotype of behavior in a teenager, setting an example of what can be done and what cannot be done, emphasizing such human qualities as: kindness, respect, honesty, denial of the use of psychoactive substances, etc.

Thus, the environment can both positively and negatively influence the upbringing and development of a teenager.

Negative environmental influences include: lack of positive social experience, underdeveloped and unformed worldview, value orientation systems, single-parent families, poverty, low socio-cultural level of parents, lack of family traditions, denial of the child’s self-worth, parents’ permissive attitude towards children’s use of psychoactive substances , etc.

The positive influences of the environment include: respect for the child, the presence of positive behavioral stereotypes, avoidance of authoritarian parenting styles on the part of parents and teachers, respectful attitude towards students on the part of teachers; building a pedagogical process aimed at developing the abilities and skills of each child; the use of democratic educational styles, the promotion of positive characters in films, television and radio programs, etc.

Knowing the reasons for this or that influence, you can direct the upbringing process in the right direction, eradicating the negative and highlighting the positive aspects of the influence of the environment on the upbringing of a teenager.