Receipt of goods and materials transactions. Materials accounting: concept and postings. Receipt from production

Materials accounting - is one of the main accounting operations in the organization. The materials must be taken into account and the necessary entries must be made. The article discusses how to properly organize accounting for the receipt of materials, and provides tables with transactions that need to be reflected in the accounting department. For a more convenient perception of information, examples are given.

In accounting, account 10 “Materials” is used to account for materials. The debit of this account reflects the receipt of inventory items, and the credit their write-off.

Materials can arrive at the enterprise warehouse in several ways:

• purchase of materials;
• free transfer of materials;
• in the form of a contribution to the authorized capital;
• can be made in-house.

The cost of materials upon receipt can be taken into account in two ways:

1. At actual cost (accounting occurs directly on account 10).
2. At accounting prices (the accounting price can be the planned cost, average purchase prices), in this case, accounting for the cost of materials is formed using additional accounts 15 and 16.

ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIPT OF MATERIALS AT ACTUAL COST (ENTRY, EXAMPLE)

If inventory items are accepted for accounting at actual cost, then they are immediately debited to account 10 at the cost indicated in the supplier’s documents. If the organization is a VAT payer, then the tax amount is allocated for reimbursement from the budget to a separate sub-account. Postings when accounting for materials at actual cost are as follows:

Debit	Credit	Operation name
60	51	The cost of received goods and materials was paid to the supplier
10	60	Inventory and materials are accepted for accounting at actual cost excluding VAT
19	60	VAT is allocated from the cost of inventory items

EXAMPLE OF ACCOUNTING FOR RECEIPT OF MATERIALS WHEN PURCHASING

The organization Alpha LLC purchased 5,000 cubic meters of parquet for 600,000 rubles. including VAT 91,525. For delivery they paid 6,000, including VAT 915 rubles. 3,000 cubic meters of parquet were put into production. These transactions must be reflected on the balance sheet. Note:(How VAT is calculated from the amount can be found in the article: ““.). Transport and procurement work is accounted for on account 10 of the TZR subaccount.

Postings for accounting for receipt of materials upon purchase

Sum	Debit	Credit	Operation name
600000	60	51	Paid the cost of parquet
508475	10	60	Parquet was capitalized excluding VAT
91525	19	60	VAT allocated
6000	60	51	Delivery paid
5085	10 subaccount TZR	60	Parquet delivery costs taken into account
915	19	60	VAT allocated
360000	20	10	Materials written off for production
360000	20	10 subaccount TZR	TZR written off for production

TZR are written off once a month in one transaction. To determine the amount of write-off of transportation and procurement costs, the following ratio is determined:

ACCOUNTING FOR MATERIALS AT ACCOUNTING PRICES USING ACCOUNTS 15, 16 (ENTRY, EXAMPLE)

If to account for materials, not the actual cost price is used, but the accounting price, then the accounting department uses additional accounts 15 and 16. Inventory and materials are entered into the debit of account 15 at the actual cost, and into the debit of account 10 at the accounting price. The difference between the actual and accounting price is called a deviation and is reflected in account 16. The excess of the accounting price over the actual price is reflected in the credit of account 16, the excess of the actual price over the accounting price is reflected in the debit of account 16. The wiring is shown in the table below.

ACCOUNTING FOR MATERIALS AT ACCOUNTING PRICES

The table below shows the main entries for accounting for receipt of materials (materials and materials).

Debit	Credit	Operation name
60	51	The cost of the supplier's goods and materials has been paid
15	60	The cost of inventory items is taken into account according to supplier documents excluding VAT
19	60	VAT allocated
10	15	Inventories are capitalized at the accounting price
15	16
16	15	The excess of the actual price over the accounting cost is written off

Let's consider this option for accounting for materials using a specific example.

EXAMPLE OF ACCOUNTING RECEIPT OF MATERIALS

The organization Alpha LLC purchased materials in the amount of 1,000 pieces with a total cost of 240,000, including VAT of 40,000 rubles. Materials are purchased at a discount price of 250 rubles. for 1 piece. 400 pieces were sent into production. It is necessary to reflect these transactions.

Postings for accounting for the purchase of materials for production

Sum	Debit	Credit	Operation name
240000	60	51	Payment transferred to the supplier
200000	15	60	Inventory and materials are accounted for at actual cost excluding VAT
40000	19	60	VAT allocated
250000	10	15	Materials were capitalized at the accounting price
50000	15	16	The excess of the book price over the actual cost is written off
100000	20	10	400 pieces written off for production

If the purchase price exceeds the accounting price, a debit balance is formed on account 16, this balance at the end of the month is written off to those accounts where the materials were written off proportionally according to the formula:

(debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 16 + debit turnover for account 16) x credit turnover for account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month for account 10 + debit turnover for account 10).

If the purchase price is less than the discount price, then account 16 has a credit balance, which at the end of the month is written off according to the formula:

(credit balance at the beginning of the month of account 16 + credit turnover of account 16) x credit turnover of account 10 / (debit balance at the beginning of the month of account 10 + debit turnover of account 10)

In our example, the purchase price is less than the accounting price, account 16 has a credit balance, we determine the above ratio:

At the end of the month, using posting D20 K16, we write off the amount of 20,000.

In addition to purchase, materials can be supplied to the enterprise in other ways:

1. Production of materials in-house: posting D10 K20 (23) - materials manufactured were capitalized.
2. Receipt of materials in the form of a contribution to: posting D10 K75.
3. Donation (gratuitous transfer of materials): gratuitous receipt of materials is formalized by posting D10 K98, then account 98 is closed on 91 with posting D98 K91.

The receipt of materials into the organization must be documented with primary documents. Materials are accepted for accounting only at actual cost (clause 5 of PBU 5/01). Actual cost- this is the amount of actual costs for the purchase of materials. It depends on the method of receipt of materials:

• purchase for money
• do-it-yourself production;
• receiving free of charge;
• receiving under exchange agreements (barter);
• upon liquidation of fixed assets;
• when surpluses are identified during inventory.

Materials purchased with money

The actual cost of materials received for payment includes:

You are looking for a job, we are looking for you. Are you a friend who moves easily? Do you like a fast-paced life? Do you like to learn as much as possible? We know you're qualified, right? We offer our employees a competitive salary and comprehensive benefits package including health, dental and vision insurance, plus weekly pay including direct deposit and more!

Inventory counting is a transaction aimed at valuing a company's year-end inventory of existing materials, products and semi-finished products. This task must be accomplished by listing all products grouped into homogeneous categories to determine their value. The latter must be included in the financial statements and represents an element of cost to the company that affects performance.

• amounts paid in accordance with the agreement to the supplier (seller);
• amounts paid to organizations for information, consulting and intermediary services related to the purchase of materials;
• customs duties;
• non-refundable taxes paid in connection with the purchase of materials (for example, VAT if the organization is not a tax payer);
• transportation and procurement costs;
• other costs directly related to the purchase of materials.

Accounting methods

There are two options for recording goods receipts:

Receipt from production

In companies that are required to maintain inventory records, inventory valuation is important to check compliance with relevant records. While for those who do not have this limitation, it is possible to determine the consistency of stocks of finished and material products in the warehouse.

There are several methods of valuing inventory, but all must be done by cataloging goods analytically into homogeneous categories based on their nature or value. In the first case, they must be divided according to the characteristics of the product, in the second - with the same economic content as the link. Assets to be accounted for in inventory: raw materials, auxiliary and consumable materials, represented by materials that are used for the production or business of a company, finished goods, semi-finished goods, finished goods and processing.

• at actual cost;
• at accounting prices (using additional accounts 15 and 16).

The selected option must be reflected in the accounting policy.

At actual cost

When using this method, all costs associated with the purchase of materials are taken into account in account 10 “Materials”. Depending on the type of materials, a subaccount is selected:

Reflection of the movement of inventory items in accounting

The Civil Code specifies that the value of inventory must be calculated on the basis of the purchase or production cost, it must include all costs associated with the production of the product, or by reference to the selling price, which can be derived from the market trend. Although financially it is possible to value inventories using the method.

Current deliveries, not invoiced and in transit

Weighted average cost. . At the tax and civil level, no matter what the criterion for assessing the reserves used must be constant over many years. How do I ship a purchase when the invoice is received later or earlier than the item?

• 10-1 “Raw materials and supplies”;
• 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;
• 10-3 “Fuel”;
• 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;
• 10-5 “Spare parts”;
• 10-6 “Other materials”;
• 10-7 “Materials transferred for processing to third parties”;
• 10-8 “Building materials”;
• 10-9 “Inventory and household supplies”;
• 10-10 “Special equipment and special clothing in the warehouse”;
• 10-11 “Special equipment and special clothing in operation.”

When posting materials, the following entries are made:

The Accounting Law does not directly regulate the time of publication of documents. However, in accordance with the principle of memorandum mentioned in Art. 6 sec. 1 of the Accounting Law, the accounts of an enterprise must include all earned, attributable income and expenses related to that revenue for that financial year, regardless of the date of payment.

How is inventory accounting done?

The above principle is valid for the financial year, but it must be fully applied during the month as well. In practice, the term "accounting period" is applied to the monthly calculation, and then to the annual calculation and annual financial statements.

Debit 10 Credit 60- reflects the cost of purchased materials

Debit 10 Credit 76- transport and procurement costs and others associated with the purchase of materials are reflected.

Debit 19 Credit 60.76- VAT on capitalized materials is taken into account.

Debit 68 Credit 19

Debit 60.76 Credit 51- expenses associated with the purchase of materials have been paid.

When applying the memorandum principle, purchase documents must be included in the accounts of the period to which they relate. Documents relating to a given month that were issued and received in the same month may be shown on the invoices as of the date of issue or receipt.

If, however, a document for a particular month is issued in the same month but presented to the unit in the following month, the memorandum principle should be considered and the document should be considered for the period to which it relates, such as the date of issue. Account books for the month to which it relates.

At discounted prices

Some organizations use accounting prices when reflecting the receipt of materials, with subsequent adjustment of deviations between accounting prices and actual costs (savings, overruns).

Why use discount prices? They make it possible to simplify accounting in large organizations with a large range of materials and a large number of supplies.

As a result of the fact that the invoice date does not always correspond to the date of receipt of the goods, the following situations may arise. The date of receipt of the goods coincides with the date of issue of the invoice. Transactions related to this are published simultaneously at the same time.

On a given day, only the delivery of goods occurs; the invoice confirming their purchase affects the device only after some time. If the invoice does not affect the item before the closing date of the accounts for the accounting period, account 30 "Purchase Accounting" will display a credit balance that reflects the status of supplies not yet invoiced but already accepted by the organization.

Imagine that any intermediary services related to the acquisition of materials have been provided, but the documents have not yet been received. The materials have been capitalized and have already been written off for production, and then documents arrive from the counterparty. The accountant will have to change the actual cost of materials (it has increased) and, accordingly, adjust the write-off operation of materials. If documents related to the purchase of materials often arrive late, then it is advisable for the organization to use discount prices.

The device will receive an invoice first and the product will be delivered later. If the item is not delivered by the end of the reporting period, the Settlement account will display a debit balance indicating the status of the item in transit, that is, the value of the item billed but not yet delivered to the device.

How do I post the difference to my Purchasing account since we charge the purchase price? In practice, the delivery of materials to the warehouse and their actual purchase often occur in a block at different times. This allows you to determine which shipments have not yet been shipped to the device, and which items that have already been received are missing an invoice.

Registration prices can be:

• supplier price;
• fixed price approved for a certain period of time;
• actual cost of materials according to the previous month.

The accounting policy needs to establish the procedure for determining accounting prices.

Accounts 15 and 16

For accounting at discount prices, accounts 15 and 16 are used.

Postings for receipt and disposal of materials

In accounting books, the receipt of materials in the journal can be described as follows. On the other hand, an invoice confirming the purchase of materials can be recorded. He has account 21, Accounts Payable. He has 30 Purchasing accounts.

When material records are kept at purchase prices, as in the block described in the question, there should be no difference in account 30. The question stated that although real prices are used, account 30, however, has a balance. Since this is a significant amount when valuing an individual, the difference between the value of the materials accepted into the material storage and the value of the materials received as a result of the invoice is indicated taking into account the deviation from the material price of the materials.

Account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets.” By debit - the actual costs of purchasing material assets, by credit - the accounting value of materials received by the organization.

Debit 10 Credit 15 - materials received at the warehouse were capitalized at accounting prices.

Now all received documents on materials will be recorded in the debit of account 15 and form the actual cost.

This can be done as follows. At the end of the reporting periods, the amount from account 34-1 will be calculated on materials consumed in the production process and on materials in the warehouse. A record relating to the release of materials for production that is accounted for by publication.

Therefore, it will be accompanied by an entry related to the reclassification of the materials production variance value from account 34-1 to command account 4 or 5. It has a report 34-1, Materials Price Variances. He has 40 Cost by Type or Team accounts.

Debit 15 Credit 60- reflects the purchase cost of materials.

Debit 15 Credit 76- transportation costs for received materials are reflected.

Debit 15 Credit 76- services related to the purchase of materials are reflected.

Debit 19 Credit 60 (76)- VAT on capitalized materials is reflected.

Debit 68 Credit 19- VAT is accepted for deduction based on invoices.

It's worth noting that if account balance 30 was created as a result of price rounding at the time of material receipt and is not relevant, then the difference can be sent directly to team account 4 or 5. It has 40 "Cost by Type" or "Cost by Type" accounts. Team account 5.”

How to account for differences in the cost of goods purchased when a unit accepts goods received on the basis of a storage document, but the cost of goods delivered later is slightly different? - asks the reader. The taking of goods into storage must reflect an actual event in the economics of storage.

At the end of the month, the accounting price of materials is checked against the actual price; if there are no discrepancies, then nothing else needs to be done. If the actual price turns out to be lower than the accounting price (savings) or, conversely, higher (overspending), then it will be necessary to adjust the resulting deviations in accounting. For this purpose the account is used 16 “Deviations in the cost of material assets”.

How does the bill define external acceptance and how does the invoice?

It is a warehouse management document. It contains important information in terms of stock turnover, in particular the product name, quantity and stock price. Within the meaning of the Accounting Act, it is internal evidence and documents the receipt of goods at the warehouse of an external entity. However, he must confirm which goods and which quantities actually went into the warehouse. The creation of a document for receiving goods into the warehouse as a mirror image of an order or invoice is transferred to the target.

Account 16 takes into account the difference between the accounting price and the actual cost of materials.

Debit 15 Credit 16- the excess of the book price of materials over their actual cost is written off.

Debit 16 Credit 15- the excess of the actual cost of materials over their book price is written off.

Below are accounting entries reflecting the receipt of materials from suppliers under a supply agreement. The legal framework that determines the procedure for forming a supply agreement is defined in Chapter 30 §3 “Supply of goods” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Materials accounting - impact not accounting result

It is intended to compare whether the goods received were actually found on the invoice, especially when the latter reaches the company. An invoice is a commercial document confirming a sale, as well as other transactions processed on a par with sales within the meaning of the VAT Law.

Delivery of goods must be confirmed by the seller's account. In fact, the invoice details must match what is actually received by the customer. They may also be due to the fact that the receipt of goods at the warehouse can be carried out before receiving and posting the invoice or after receiving the invoice on the accounts.

List of accounts involved in accounting entries:

10 - Materials 19 - Value added tax on purchased assets 19.3 - Value added tax on purchased inventories 20 - Main production 40 - Production of products (works, services) 50 - Cashier 50.01 - Cash desk of the organization 51 - Current accounts 60 - Settlements with suppliers and contractors 60.01 - Settlements with suppliers and contractors 60.02 - Settlements on advances issued

62 - Settlements with buyers and customers 62.01 - Settlements with buyers and customers 68 - Calculations for taxes and fees 68.2 - Value added tax 71 - Settlements with accountable persons 75 - Settlements with founders 75.1 - Calculations for contributions to the authorized (share) capital 83 - Additional capital 91 - Other income and expenses 91.1 - Other income 91.2 - Other expenses

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
Postings reflecting the accounting for the supply of materials with payment to the supplier after receipt of the materials
10	60.01		Cost of materials excluding VAT
19.3	60.01		VAT amount
68.2	19.3		VAT amount
60.01	51	The fact of repayment of accounts payable to the supplier for previously received materials is reflected.	Purchase price of goods
Postings for accounting for the supply of materials on prepayment
60.02	51	Prepayment to the supplier for materials is reflected	Advance payment amount	Bank statementPayment order
10	60.01	The receipt of materials from the supplier to the organization's warehouse is reflected. Subaccount 10 is determined by the type of materials received	Cost of materials excluding VAT
19.3	60.01		VAT amount
68.2	19.3		VAT amount
60.01	60.02	The previously transferred prepayment is offset against the debt for the materials received.		Accounting certificate-calculation

Accounting for receipt of materials based on advance reports. Accounting entries

Below are accounting entries reflecting the accounting of receipt of materials from accountable persons on the basis of advance reports and the primary documents attached to them (delivery notes, invoices).

Is the difference between the purchase invoice and the acceptance certificate important or not?

An invoice documenting the purchase of goods. The inclusion of differences between the purchase invoice and the document on their acceptance into the warehouse will, in principle, depend on the materiality of the differences. Appropriate provisions on how to deal with such situations should be described in the accounting principles adopted by the organization.

In case of significant differences from a balance sheet point of view, it is recommended to initially recognize them in the accounts of group 3 “Variances from commodity prices”. The posting page will depend on the sign of the difference. In case of differences to increase inventory, the posting will be as follows. Differences must be recorded to reduce inventory.

The receipt of materials from an accountable person can be reflected in two options:

• In the first option, a standard posting scheme is considered, reflecting the receipt of materials from account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”. The disadvantage of this option is that the accounting does not reflect the supplier from whom the materials were received and for which VAT was refunded.
• In the second option, the receipt of materials is reflected in correspondence with account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” and further, the debt to the supplier is closed in correspondence with account 71 “Settlements with accountable persons”. With this reflection option, there is an additional opportunity to analyze supplies by supplier

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
A variant of accounting entries reflecting the receipt of materials from accountable persons according to the standard scheme
71	50.01		Amount issued for reporting
10	71	The receipt of materials from the accountable person to the organization's warehouse is reflected on the basis of primary documents attached to the advance report. Subaccount 10 is determined by the type of materials received	Cost of materials excluding VAT	Consignment note (form No. TORG-12) Receipt order (TMF No. M-4) Advance report
19.3	71	The amount of VAT related to the materials received is reflected.	VAT amount	Consignment note (form No. TORG-12) Invoice
68.2	19.3	The VAT amount applies to reimbursement from the budget. Posting is done if there is a supplier invoice	VAT amount	Invoice Purchase book Consignment note (form No. TORG-12)
A variant of accounting entries reflecting the receipt of materials from accountable persons according to a scheme using a accounts payable account
71	50.01	The issuance of funds from the organization's cash desk to an accountable person is reflected.	Amount issued for reporting	Account cash warrant . Form No. KO-2
10	60.01	The receipt of materials from the supplier to the organization's warehouse is reflected on the basis of primary documents attached to the expense report. Subaccount 10 is determined by the type of materials received	Cost of materials excluding VAT	Consignment note (form No. TORG-12) Receipt order (TMF No. M-4)
19.3	60.01	The amount of VAT related to the materials received is reflected.	VAT amount	Consignment note (form No. TORG-12) Invoice
68.2	19.3	The VAT amount applies to reimbursement from the budget. Posting is done if there is a supplier invoice	VAT amount	Invoice Purchase book Consignment note (form No. TORG-12)
60.01	71	Reflects payment to the supplier by the accountable person for materials received	Purchase cost of materials	Accounting certificate-calculationAdvance report

Accounting for the receipt of materials under an exchange agreement. Accounting entries

The legal basis that determines the procedure for forming an exchange agreement is defined in Chapter 31 “Barter” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The methodology for reflecting supply transactions under an exchange agreement is discussed in more detail in the article “Accounting for the purchase and sale of goods under an exchange agreement”

At the close of the reporting period, accounting balances 340, Commodity Price Variances, must be accounted for in accordance with the standard rules for book value deviations, that is, the amount of goods and freight in relation to account 731 Cost of goods sold at purchase price.

In case of differences that increase the margin, the entry will look like this

Stores invoices in accounts 4 and 5, the account is in the comparative version, and the accounts in the warehouse implement the principle of writing off the cost of the current period of purchased goods at the purchase price. Costs are assessed and adjusted to value no later than the balance sheet date.

The cost of materials to be transferred is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization determines the cost of similar materials.

Below are accounting entries reflecting the accounting for the receipt of materials from suppliers under an exchange agreement with the usual procedure for transferring ownership of materials, in accordance with Article 223 “Moment of the emergence of the acquirer’s right of ownership under the agreement” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Article 224 “Transfer of a thing” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Be sure to post an inventory fix. Read expert comments and pay attention to practical examples. Below are examples of accounting calculations. In the light of Art. 4 sec. 4), business entities may, within the framework of accepted accounting principles, apply simplification if it does not significantly affect the financial position of its assets and financial position and its financial result. One of the simplifications for accountants is, among others. the ability to conduct an analytical inventory of inventories of material working capital in accordance with the principles set out in Art. 17 sec. 2 points 4 UAH.

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
10	60.01	The receipt of materials from the supplier under an exchange agreement is reflected. Subaccount 10 is determined by the type of materials received	Market value of materials excluding VAT	Invoice (TMF No. M-15) Receipt order (TMF No. M-4)
19.3	60.01	The amount of VAT related to the materials received is reflected.	VAT amount
68.2	19.3	The VAT amount applies to reimbursement from the budget. Posting is done if there is a supplier invoice	VAT amount	InvoicePurchase book
62.01	91.1	The transfer of exchanged materials to the supplier under the exchange agreement is reflected	Market value of transferred materials
91.2	10	The write-off of transferred materials from the organization’s balance sheet is reflected. Subaccount of account 10 is determined by the type of materials transferred	Cost of materials	Invoice (TMF No. M-15) Invoice
91.2	68.2	The amount of VAT accrued on the transferred materials is reflected	VAT amount	Invoice (TMF No. M-15) Invoice Sales book
60.01	62.01	The debt of the second party under the exchange agreement is offset	Cost of materials	Accounting certificate-calculation

Accounting for receipt of materials under constituent agreements. Accounting entries

According to the constituent agreement, the founders (participants) contribute various types of property, including materials, to the authorized (share) capital of the organization. According to clause 8 of PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories”, the actual cost of inventories (materials) contributed to the contribution to the authorized (share) capital of the organization is determined based on their monetary value, agreed upon by the founders (participants) of the organization .

Based on the above provisions, the receipt of materials under the constituent agreement can be reflected in the accounting below with the following entries.

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
10	75.1	We reflect the receipt of materials under the constituent agreement. Subaccount 10 is determined by the type of materials received	Estimated cost of materials agreed upon by the founders	Receipt order (TMF No. M-4) Certificate of acceptance of transfer of materials
19	83	If the founder transferring materials to the authorized capital of the organization, in accordance with clause 3 of Article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, restores VAT, the receiving party must make this posting	The amount of VAT restored by the founder	InvoiceAct of acceptance of transfer of materials

Accounting for free receipt of materials. Accounting entries

In accounting, according to clause 16 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization,” income in the form of gratuitous receipt of property is recognized “as it is generated (identified).”

In tax accounting, according to paragraphs. 1 clause 4 of Article 271 “Procedure for recognizing income under the accrual method” of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, income in the form of gratuitous receipt of property is recognized on the date the parties sign the property acceptance and transfer act.

According to clause 9 of PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories”, “the actual cost of inventories received by an organization under a gift agreement or free of charge... is determined based on their current market value as of the date of acceptance for accounting.”

Based on the above provisions, the gratuitous receipt of materials can be reflected in the accounting below using the following entries.

Accounting for the receipt of materials produced in-house

According to the methodological instructions, materials are accepted for accounting at actual cost. The actual cost of materials when manufactured by the organization is determined based on the actual costs associated with the production of these materials. Accounting and formation of costs for the production of materials are carried out by the organization in the manner established for determining the cost of relevant types of products. Those. The procedure for reflecting materials produced in-house in accounting depends on the methodology for calculating the cost of products used in the organization.

Currently, the following types of assessment of finished products are used:

• At actual production cost. This method of assessing finished products (manufactured materials) is used relatively rarely, as a rule, in single and small-scale production, as well as in the production of mass products of a small range.
• Based on the incomplete (reduced) production cost of products (manufactured materials), calculated based on actual costs without general business expenses. Can be used in the same industries where the first method of product evaluation is used.
• At standard (planned) cost. It is advisable to use in industries with mass and serial production and a large range of products.
• For other types of prices.

Below we will consider two options for recording the receipt of materials produced in-house in accounting.

Account Dt	Kt account	Wiring Description	Transaction amount	A document base
Accounting for materials at standard (planned) cost.
10	40	The release (manufacturing) of materials is reflected at the planned cost	Planned cost	Receipt order (TMF No. M-4)
40	20	The actual production cost is reflected	Actual cost of manufactured materials	Accounting certificate-calculation
10	40	The write-off of deviations between the cost of materials at actual cost and their cost at standard (planned) cost is reflected.	The amount of deviation is “black” or “red” depending on the balance of the deviation	Accounting certificate-calculation
Accounting for materials at actual cost.
10	20	The release (manufacturing) of materials is reflected at actual cost	Actual production cost	Receipt order (TMF No. M-4)

Inventory assets (TMV) are the tangible property of an organization related to working capital. Let's take a closer look at how inventories, transactions and documents are kept in accounting.

In accounting, inventory items are material assets that will be used in the manufacture of finished products. To account for inventory items in accounting, the active account 10 “Materials” is primarily intended. At enterprises, for more convenient accounting, sub-accounts are opened for account 10 by type of materials:

Methods for acquiring inventory items in an organization can be different, for example:

• Purchase of goods and materials from a counterparty for non-cash payment ( discussed in example 1);
• The organization issues cash to the employee for the purchase of inventory items ( studied in example 2 and example 3).

Subsequently, purchased and capitalized goods are transferred to production. When transferring materials into production, an enterprise can write off the cost for accounting purposes by indicating in its accounting policy one of the following methods:

For tax accounting purposes, the cost of written-off materials is determined in accordance with clauses 2 and 4 of Art. 254 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Materials can be written off:

• For main production (count 20) ( example 4);
• For auxiliary production (account 23);
• For general production expenses (account 25);
• For general business expenses (account 26) ( example 5).

Postings for accounting of inventory items in accounting

Example 1. Purchase of goods and materials from a counterparty by bank transfer

The acquisition of inventories (MPI) by bank transfer is regulated by clauses 5-11 of PBU 5/01, clause 1 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The organization VESNA LLC purchases production materials from the supplier UYUT LLC for a total amount of 59,000 rubles, incl. VAT 18% - 9,000 rub.

Purchase of materials for non-cash transactions:

Get 267 video lessons on 1C for free:

Example 2. Purchase of goods and materials for cash with VAT

The organization VESNA LLC issued funds to employee A.A. Ivanov. in the amount of 15,000 rubles. from the organization's cash desk for the purchase of goods and materials. The employee provided an advance report for the amount issued.

Purchasing materials through an accountable person posting:

Debit account	Credit account	Transaction amount, rub.	Wiring Description	A document base
71.01	50.01	15 000,00
10.09	71.01	12 711,86		Advance report, Consignment note (TORG-12)
19.03	71.01	2 288,14	VAT on purchased inventory items has been taken into account	Invoice received
68.02	19.03	2 288,14	VAT is accepted for deduction	Book of purchases

Example 3. Purchase of goods and materials for cash without VAT

The organization VESNA LLC issued funds to employee A.A. Ivanov. in the amount of 20,000.00 rubles from the organization’s cash desk for the purchase of inventory and materials. An employee purchased goods and materials in a retail store using a sales receipt without VAT and spent more than the issued funds by RUB 2,500.00. The employee submitted an advance report for the amount issued.

Purchase of materials without VAT through an accountable person posting:

Debit account	Checkloan	Transaction amount, rub.	Wiring Description	A document base
71.01	50.01	20 000,00	Issuance of funds to an employee on account for the purchase of goods and materials	Manager's order, Expense cash order (KO-2)
10.09	71.01	22 500,00	Employee's advance report on purchased inventory items	Advance report, Sales receipt
71.01	50.01	2 500,00	Issuance of funds to an employee (amount of overexpenditure according to the advance report)	Advance report, Expense cash order (KO-2)

Example 4. Write-off of materials to main production

The organization VESNA LLC transfers 70 pieces of 4x4 boards into production for the manufacture of finished products. In accordance with the accounting policy, materials are written off at the average price.

According to the “4x4 Boards” nomenclature, the organization had a balance of 150 pieces for a total amount of 40,500.00 rubles:

• Let's calculate the average cost: 40,500.00 / 150 = 270.00 rubles;
• Let's calculate the cost of the material transferred to production: 70 * 270.00 = 18,900.00 rubles.

Write-off of materials to main production - postings and documents:

Example 5. Write-off of materials for general business expenses

The organization VESNA LLC transferred 50 pieces of notebooks and 100 pieces of pens to the Accounting department. According to the accounting policy, the cost of materials is written off at the average price.

The organization had balances in the range of Notebooks in the amount of 400 pieces for a total amount of 10,280.00 rubles, in the range of Pens in the amount of 550 pieces for a total amount of 8,525.00 rubles.

Let's calculate the average cost:

• notebooks 10,280.00 / 400 = 25.70 rubles;
• pens 8,525.00 / 550 = 15.50 rub.

Let's calculate the cost of written-off material for general business expenses:

• notebooks 50 * 25.70 = 1,285.00 rub.;
• pens 100 * 15.50 = 1,550.00 rub.

Thus, materials with a total cost of RUB 2,835.00 were written off as general business expenses, which is reflected in the posting.

Account 10 “Materials” is intended to account for the enterprise’s inventories (raw materials, fuel, spare parts, etc.).

The account is active, synthetic, and has several subaccounts. You can read about what types of accounts there are. In the context of an account, you can maintain analytical accounting by type of material and production assets.

TO account 10 “Materials” Sub-accounts can be opened:

• 10-1 “Raw materials and supplies”;
• 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;
• 10-3 “Fuel”;
• 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;
• 10-5 “Spare parts”;
• 10-9 “Inventory and household supplies”;
• and others.

The Debit of account 10 reflects any receipts of materials, and the Credit records their write-off (disposal).

The balance of account 10 “Materials” can only be debit, since the account is active!

I propose to consider the main standard transactions for account 10.

1. Materials received from supplier D-10 K-60/76
2. VAT is reflected on received materials D-10 K-60/76.
3. Materials were received from the accountable person D-10 K-71.
4. The materials contributed as a contribution to the authorized capital of D-10 K-75 have been capitalized.
5. During the inventory, unaccounted materials were identified D-10 K-91
6. Materials received as a result of the liquidation of fixed assets D-10 K-91 were capitalized
7. Received materials donated by another organization D-10 K-98.
8. Materials were written off for non-production needs (improving working conditions) - D-91 K-10.
9. Materials from the production of D-10 K-20 have been returned.
10. Materials for the construction of fixed assets D-08 K-10 were written off.
11. Materials were written off for the main production of D-20 K-10.
12. Materials were written off for auxiliary production D-23 K-10.
13. The cost of materials is included in the cost of selling D-44 K-10.
14. The cost of materials for victims of emergency situations (fire) was written off - D-99 K-10.

An enterprise has the right to write off materials for production using the following valuation methods:

1. at the cost of each unit;
2. (FIFO method);
3. at the cost of the most recent purchases (LIFO method - not used since 2008).

The method must be selected and prescribed in the accounting policy.

Let’s solve a small problem to reinforce the topic:

A furniture production plant purchased 7 boards at a price of 100 rubles per m, excluding VAT. Charged for delivery of boards is 150 rubles, excluding VAT. The payment for materials and delivery was paid from the bank account. For the production of the cabinet, 3 boards were written off at the average cost.

Make postings.

Solution:

1. Let's calculate VAT on boards = 700 * 0.18 = 126 rubles.
2. Let's calculate VAT on transport costs = 150 * 0.18 = 27 rubles.
3. Transport costs are evenly distributed among the boards.
4. Let's calculate the amount of written-off boards using the average cost method: 850/7*3 = 364.29 rubles.

Let's make the wiring:

1. Materials from the supplier D-10 K-60 were capitalized - 700 rubles.
2. VAT is reflected on purchased materials D-19 K-60 - 126 rubles.
3. Transport costs are reflected - D-10 K - 60 - 150 rubles.
4. VAT is reflected on transport costs – D-19 K-60 – 27 rubles.
5. Materials D-20 K-10 were written off for production - 364.29 rubles.

Receipt of materials to the warehouse is reflected in accounting account 10 “Materials”. The debit of account 10 is intended to reflect the cost of materials received, the credit of account 10 is to reflect those released from the warehouse to production or outside the organization.

On the account 10, raw materials, supplies, semi-finished products, fuels and lubricants, containers, etc. can be taken into account. A separate sub-account can be opened for each type of inventory items. In turn, each sub-account can also keep analytical records for specific types of materials (or by grade, brand, storage location).

Accounting for materials upon receipt

Inventory and materials are accepted for accounting on the basis of a receipt order, form M-4; in addition, an accounting card, form M-17, is created.

The employee responsible for receiving materials into the warehouse accepts valuables on the basis of a power of attorney (executed, for example, in form M-2 or M-2a). This employee must check the actual quantity with that indicated in the accompanying documents (bill of lading, delivery note). In addition, the condition of the received valuables, their serviceability, and expiration date are checked. If discrepancies in quality or quantity are detected, a discrepancy report is drawn up in form M-7, the completed report, along with the claim, is sent to the supplier for the return of the valuables or for their replacement.

When receiving materials from a supplier, their cost is entered in the debit of account 10 in correspondence with the account for accounting settlements with suppliers. In general, the posting for the receipt of materials has the form D10 K60.

If the buyer organization is a VAT payer, then VAT is allocated from the cost indicated in the accompanying documents by posting D19 K60, after which it is sent for deduction with posting D68.VAT K19. The materials themselves are delivered to the warehouse at cost excluding VAT.

It is worth recalling that in order to allocate VAT and send it for reimbursement from the budget, you need to receive an invoice from the supplier with the allocated tax amount. Only if this document is available, the buyer has the right to allocate VAT to a separate account.

The buyer pays the received and capitalized materials to the supplier in cash or non-cash funds, and postings D60 K50 or D60 K51 are reflected.

Upon receipt, materials can be received in two ways:

1. at actual cost;
2. at discounted prices.

Let's look at each of these methods in more detail.

Capitalization of materials at actual cost

This method of accounting is most often found in enterprises. In this case, the organization sums up all the costs associated with the acquisition of valuables, and enters this amount into the debit of account 10.

What costs can be included in the actual cost:

• The cost of materials specified in the contract;
• , the so-called TZR;
• Services of third parties, for example, consulting, information;
• Additional costs associated with bringing materials to a suitable condition.

Postings upon receipt of materials at actual cost:

Capitalization of materials at accounting prices

This method is used, as a rule, by manufacturing enterprises for which the receipt of inventory items is regular. At the same time, the organization develops and approves accounting prices, for example, average purchase prices or planned costs. It is at these accounting prices that materials are debited to account 10.

To reflect the actual cost, additional account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” is used.

The actual cost of the valuables received is reflected in the debit of account 15 in correspondence with the account. 60, while wiring D15 K60 is performed. If the organization is a VAT payer, then the tax amount is allocated to account 19, and the materials are charged at cost without VAT.

After this, the materials are credited directly to account 10, but at accounting prices, and posting D10 K15 is performed.

After performing these operations on account 15, a discrepancy between the actual and accounting prices is revealed. To take into account this discrepancy, additional account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets” is introduced.

Postings to reflect deviations in cost:

1. If the actual price is greater than the accounting price, then posting D16 K15 is performed for an amount equal to the deviation.
2. If the actual price is less than the accounting price, then posting D15 K16 is performed.

In the first case, a debit balance is formed on account 16. Happens within a month. In this case, at the end of the month it is necessary to write off the amount of the deviation from the loan account 16. This amount is debited to the same account to which the materials were issued. The amount of deviation that must be written off at the end of the month depends on the amount of materials released from the warehouse for the month and is determined by the formula:

∗(Debit balance of account 16 at the beginning of the month + debit turnover of account 16 for the month) * credit turnover of account 10 for the month / (debit balance of account 10 at the beginning of the month + debit turnover of account 10 for the month) ∗

In the second case, when the actual price is less than the accounting price, a credit balance is formed on account 16. At the end of the month, part of the deviation amount is written off from credit account 16 using a reversal operation, that is, part of the amount is taken away and written off to the debit of the same account where the materials are issued. The amount that must be subtracted at the end of the month is determined by the formula:

∗(Credit balance of account 16 at the beginning of the month + credit turnover of account 16 for the month) * credit turnover of account 10 for the month. / (debit balance on account 10 at the beginning of the month + debit turnover on account 10 for the month)∗

Postings upon receipt of materials at accounting prices:

Debit	Credit	the name of the operation
15	60	Reflects the actual cost of materials excluding VAT
19	60	The amount of VAT on purchased material assets has been allocated
68.VAT	19	VAT is deductible
10	15
60	51
16	15	The excess of the actual price over the book price is reflected
15	16	The excess of the accounting price over the actual price is reflected
60	51	Payment was transferred to the supplier for material assets

Example

The company purchases material assets from the supplier - 2000 pcs. total cost 236,000. VAT included. The amount of VAT is 36,000.

The discount price per piece is 90 rubles. During the month, 700 units were released into production.

What entries should the accountant reflect at the end of the month?

Postings:

Sum	Debit	Credit	the name of the operation
236 000	60	51	Payment was transferred to the supplier for material assets
200 000	15	60	The cost of materials is taken into account at purchase prices excluding VAT
36 000	19	60	The amount of VAT is allocated from the cost of material assets
36 000	68	19	VAT is deductible
180 000	10	15	Materials are capitalized at accounting prices
20 000	16	15	The excess of the purchase price over the accounting price is reflected
77,000(700 x 110)	20	10	700 pieces were released into production. materials
8555	20	16	The deviation of the accounting price from the purchase price is written off in proportion to the written-off material assets

Manufacturing of materials

If material assets are not purchased for a fee from a supplier, but are created on their own or with the help of third-party organizations, then they are included in the warehouse at a cost that includes all the costs of their production. Costs may include the services of third-party organizations, wages of workers involved in production, depreciation of fixed assets involved in their production, and raw materials.

All costs are recorded in the debit of accounts related to production (20, 23), after which the cost is transferred from the credit to the debit of account 10.

Postings:

Free receipt of materials

Another way to receive material assets is to receive them for free. When donated, values ​​are accrued at the average market value, including other costs associated with receipt, for example, transportation costs.

To account for such materials, account 98 “Deferred income” is used. Valuables are supplied with D10 K98 wiring.

As valuables are released into production, the value is proportionally written off from account 98 to other income (entry D91/2 K98).

VAT is not allocated on the cost of materials received free of charge.