The author's attitude to the world of a winter evening. Pushkin, "Winter Evening". Analysis of the work. Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “Winter Evening”

All works of the great poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are incredibly tender and lyrical. They are woven into thin, fragile lace and form elaborate and unique patterns, comparable only to those drawn by frost on the windows. Pushkin was a romantic adult child who wanted permissiveness and love, who did not like any framework or restrictions. But fate decreed otherwise. He expressed all his protests with pen and paper in metaphorical images of various events among friends and the state, often causing a storm of indignation among high-ranking officials. And, of course, he was forgiven a lot, but there were still punishments, take, for example, exile to the Mikhailovskoye family nest. This is where Pushkin created “Winter Evening,” which will be discussed further.

Link to the South (1820-1822)

First, a little about the state of the poet and his environment in which he created his next masterpiece. Yes, Pushkin could not refuse freedom-loving poetry, for which he was exiled to Southern exile. At this time, he composed many of his famous works, one of them is the parody poem “Gavriliad”, where he plays on the plot of the Holy Scripture, which he will regret until the end of his days. But while in Chisinau he joins the Masonic lodge. Pushkin, without knowing it, became confused. But the main tasks of the Freemasons, as you know, were the destruction of religion (especially Christian) and the refutation of all its laws. The Masons carried out revolutionary activities aimed at destroying any foundations of national statehood. At the same time, Alexander I issued a decree banning Freemasonry.

Exile to Mikhailovskoye (1824-1826)

Pushkin was sent under house arrest to his father, in Mikhailovskoye, for his participation in Freemasonry. The father, being a believer, is wary of his son’s hobbies, which provokes big scandals in the family. But let’s move away from scandals, because again it is creativity that comes to Pushkin’s aid, since he became unbearably bored in the village, however, this also had its own charm, especially since his parents, sister and brother soon left the village for St. Petersburg. And then Pushkin somehow became very sad. “Winter Evening” is a work that accurately indicated his mood at that time. To understand the poet’s condition, let’s plunge a little into his atmosphere.

Pushkin. "Winter evening"

The poet was practically left alone. He lived in the wilderness of a pine forest, where the estate was located. A linden alley led straight to the estate; just below, the Sorot River flowed through the meadow. Pushkin lived in a small one-story house where his grandfather Hannibal once lived. His office had very modest furnishings with a wooden bed, a tattered card table, where instead of inkwells there were two lipstick jars, two chairs and shelves with books. His beloved nanny lived nearby. The remaining rooms were boarded up. He spent long winter evenings in the company of his nanny Arina Rodionovna. In her company he feels protected and, like a child, carefree. Here he works a lot and writes a lot, from his pen the poems “Winter Evening”, “Winter Road”, “Bacchanalian Song”, “To the Nanny”, “I Remember a Wonderful Moment...” etc. were published. During this period Pushkin is rethinking human life and its values, in the end he defines his ideal: this is the acquisition of home, inner harmony and security.

Analysis of the poem “Winter Evening” by Pushkin

Pushkin wrote this poem in 1925 in the style of traditional romanticism and classicism, which are synthesized into one whole. The plot centers on a huge and never-ending storm. The storm here represents a certain deity, and everything on earth is involved in its movement. And all this appears on a universal scale. Then Pushkin’s poem “Winter Evening” sharply changes its scale to a lonely human life, which looks in this whole huge picture like an unfortunate grain of sand.

What follows is a description of a shack, lonely and thrown into a whirlpool of snowy whirlwinds, like the human soul. Its inhabitants constantly hear the sounds of a storm, reminiscent of the cry of a child, the howling of an animal, or the knocking of a traveler. Here we are talking about some kind of loneliness and the fact that the author stands at a crossroads, where whirlwinds and storms dangerous to his life are swirling. In that “shack” it is sad and dark due to such bad weather, but his soul wants to escape from this darkness towards the sky and the sun. This is precisely what Pushkin, confused in his thoughts and desires, yearns for. “Winter Evening” accurately describes this state of his. After all, for now we need to wait out this storm, and then that long-awaited light may come. All that now warms the soul of the lyrical hero, warms his hopes, is his beloved “old lady” - “good girlfriend”, and wine, which, at least for a while, is still capable of drowning out the effect of fear and loneliness in front of the oppressive unknown future.

The image of winter in A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Winter Evening”

The image of nature occupies an important place in the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In the poem “Winter Evening,” the poet conveys the image of winter and the mood that this stormy winter evening inspired him.

Pushkin describes the Russian winter with its storm and snow whirlwinds that knock on the window of his “dilapidated shack.” To create the image of winter, he uses the following verbs: “covers”, “will howl”, “cries”, “makes noise”, “knocks”. They help convey the feeling and cold of a winter storm.

Pushkin personifies nature:

...Then, like a beast, she will howl,

Then he will cry like a child...

“A dilapidated shack” with a dilapidated roof, “and sad and dark” - this description is also imbued with a feeling of cold. And the poet is trying to “warm up” with something warm! memories of youth.

On this winter evening, next to the poet is his nanny Arin Rodionovna. She, too, succumbed to the mood of bad weather and shares the poet’s melancholy:

What are you doing, my old lady?

Silent at the window?

Or howling storms You, my friend, are tired...

Pushkin affectionately calls his nanny “old lady,” “my friend,” “good girlfriend.” We see that the poet lacks comfort, warmth, and understanding. On this winter evening, he really wants to be transported back to his childhood, and he asks the nanny:

...Sing me a song about how the tit lived quietly across the sea;

Sing me a song like the girl went for water in the morning.

But Pushkin understands that childhood and youth cannot be returned, and the cold winter evening intensifies his sadness, sadness, worries, melancholy, which now even the kind songs of the nanny, echoing from distant childhood, cannot drive away. This makes the poet want to “drink out of grief,” to forget:

...Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?

The heart will be more cheerful.

Pushkin repeats these lines and the description of the snow storm twice in the poem. And we understand that a winter evening evokes sadness in Pushkin, memories of his “poor youth” and, perhaps, of summer and happiness.

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Lesson topic:

“Analysis of the lyrical work of A.S. Pushkin "Winter Evening".

Target: Be able to analyze a lyrical work.

Tasks:

To repeat what a lyrical work is and what are its features;

Consider the features of the language of the lyrical work and the image of the lyrical hero in the poem;

Teach analysis of a lyrical work using the example of a poem

"Winter evening";

Lesson type: improving knowledge, developing skills and practicing skills.

During the classes:

I. Organizational moment.

Hello, dear guys! Today we will analyze the poem by A.S. Pushaakina "Winter Evening". I will teach you what other methods you can use to understand the depth of a lyrical work.

II. Watching and listening to a video with a romance based on a poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Evening".

(Before the children listen to the romance, the teacher gives the task: “Guys, please listen to the video, look at the slides and tell me what picture appears in front of you when listening to this poem, what feelings and associations do you have?”)

II I. Conversation between the teacher and the class about the poem after listening to the video.

Sample student answer : “Deaf winter evening. A blizzard is howling outside - you can’t see anything. The room is warm - the stove flooded by the nanny is crackling. The nanny herself sits on a bench and spins her yarn. The kitten plays at her feet. Pushkin is right there, at the table, in a warm dressing gown. The floating candle illuminates his young face, overgrown with sideburns, and sad eyes with a trembling light. He looks out the dark window, behind which nothing is visible, and listens to what is happening there, in the open snowy field.”

Explanation of new material.

1. Analysis of the poem "Winter Evening".

Teacher's word.

Dear guys, in Russian literature there is a scheme for analyzing a poem. This analysis requires some work on its content, features of language and poetic form. It should include defining the genre (the nature of the poetic statement), identifying the lyrical plot, designating the theme, interpreting the title, analyzing the composition, characterizing the lyrical hero, identifying the organization of poetic speech, and analyzing language (special visual means).

Now let's move on to the analysis. First, let's remember what a poem is?( Poem - a lyrical work, usually of small volume, written in verse).

So, 1 question. When and where was this poem written?

(The poem “Winter Evening” was written in 1825 in exile in Mikhailovskoye, at a very difficult time for the poet. Hope for liberation was lost; the plan to escape abroad failed; he seriously quarreled with his father, after which the entire Pushkin family left for St. Petersburg, leaving the poet alone, in the care of his nanny Arina Rodionovna. The poem “Winter Evening” beautifully, figuratively conveys this state of mind of the poet)

Question 2. How does the poet describe the snowstorm?

(The sky is covered with darkness, a furious wind that swirls snow whirlwinds in the field, the howl of the wind, reminiscent of the cry of a child, the rustle of a thatched roof, or the knocking on the window of a belated traveler.)

Question 3. How is the nanny depicted in the poem?

(Pushkin tenderly addresses the nanny: “my old lady,” “my friend,” “the good friend of my poor youth.”)

Question 4. Can we say that this poem is Pushkin’s saddest poem?(The poem is really sad, but the last two lines suggest that the poet maintains a cheerful, cheerful mood: the sad mood must be overcome, conquered.)

Question 6. What is the theme, idea and plot of this poem?

(Pushkin writes about his loneliness, isolation from loved ones and friends.

The poet's reflection on his sad fate is the theme of this poem. The idea is that the lyrical hero believes that he can overcome all difficulties and free himself).

Question 7 Why is the poem called “Winter Evening”?

(The picture of a winter storm with its howling, the darkness of the night helps to more clearly convey the poet’s mood.)

Question 8. What is composition? (IN literature concept compositions means the construction of a literary work, the structure of its component parts, micro-themes, their sequence and system)

What is the composition of this poem?

(Three parts can be distinguished: In the first part The main character is the blizzard. Second part entirely devoted to the nanny and conversation with her. The third part has its own artistic meaning: it again mentions a snowstorm and a dilapidated shack. The motive to overcome gives last part optimistic sound).

Question 9 How does the lyrical hero of this poem appear before us? Do you know who the lyrical hero is? (The image of a poet in lyrics, expressing his thoughts and feelings).

(Pushkin was a very cheerful, sociable person. And his temporary seclusion was very painful for him.)

10 question. What meter is this poem written in?(Analysis of the text shows that “Winter Evening” is written in a two-syllable meter with stress on the first syllable. This is a trochee ).

Question 11. What visual devices did the poet use in this poem?

Which ones do you know? What is an epithet, personification, comparison, metaphor?

( Epithet - a figurative definition that gives an additional artistic characteristic of an object or phenomenon in the form of comparison; metaphor - type of trope, transfer of the name of one object to another based on their similarity; personification - a special type of metaphor, transferring the image of human traits to inanimate objects or phenomena).

- We'll find epithets. (“snow whirlwinds”, “dilapidated shack”, “belated traveler”, “on a dilapidated roof”, “poor youth”, etc.)

Guys, tell me, what are the epithets for in the poem, what do they characterize in this work?(Their meaning is to decorate speech and make it literary ).

-We'll find comparisons. ( The storm is compared sometimes to a beast, sometimes to a child, sometimes to a companion).

What do comparisons help us see in this poem?

(They help to see the similarities or differences between individual objects).

- We'll find personifications. ( the storm is covering, will howl will cry)

Why are they needed in the poem? (They are used when depicting nature, which is endowed with certain human traits)

Now let's find metaphors : the buzz of a spindle, the howl of a storm. What is the meaning of the metaphor? (Meaning metaphors as a path to enhance the emotional expressiveness of speech)

V. Summing up the lesson.

1. The poet conveys to us his thoughts, feelings, experiences. “Winter Evening” helps to see Pushkin’s state of mind during his exile in Mikhailovsky. The darkness covering the sky, snow whirlwinds, the howling and crying of the storm - all this creates a mood of languid melancholy. This poem helps us see the poet in one of the most difficult periods of his life.

VI. Giving grades to students for their work in class.

A.S. Pushkin is the greatest poet of the “Golden Age” in Russian literature. His works are easy to read, but at the same time carry a deep lyrical meaning. The poem “Winter Evening” or “A storm covers the sky with darkness...” was written by the poet in the winter of 1825. It is one of the most popular poems among the author’s literary arsenal. The period of writing coincides with a difficult and difficult time for the poet. This was the first year after Pushkin returned from southern exile. He hoped for a free life full of new impressions, but he learned that the path to Moscow and St. Petersburg was closed to him. He was forced to stay at the Mikhailovsky estate near his family members. The inability to live a full life, the feeling of being cut off from the outside world, betrayal by the father, who took upon himself the functions of overseer of his own son, give rise to a feeling of pain and burden in the poet’s soul.

The main theme of the poem

The main theme of the work is the poet’s confrontation with the outside world. In the image of the storm, the author implies pressure from others: the father, who monitors his son’s correspondence, the impossibility of communicating with friends due to the ban on traveling outside the estate. The fighter against injustice is the subtle and sensual soul of the poet, which no “forces of nature” can break. After Pushkin’s relatives leave the estate, he feels a certain freedom, which forced the poet to write this poem.

From the first lines you can understand and feel the poet’s mood, feel the intensity of emotions that filled the poet’s soul. For many years, the only hope and support for the poet has been his devoted “old lady” - nanny Arina Rodionovna. She remains with the pupil on the estate even after the entire Pushkin family has left it. In the poem, the author addresses the old woman with kind words and trepidation. He feels her support, care and love. The poet turns to his nanny with the words: “Let’s have a drink, good friend!” He is trying to find peace and tranquility in his soul, so that his heart becomes a little lighter. And the nanny’s song will become a spiritual joy for the author, which will help distract him from everyday troubles.

Structural analysis of the poem

The artistic means used in the text are a vivid description of the blizzard, which contrasts with the outside world. The author uses the following word forms: “my poor youth”, “our dilapidated shack”, “good friend” to maintain the emotional background of the work.

A. S. Pushkin wrote his poem using trochaic tetrameter. In the first stanza, the poet pays attention to the raging storm, in the second and third he addresses his nanny, and in the fourth one can see the opposition of friendship and love to the world around him, in which family values ​​take over. The verse is easily perceived by the reader; it can be reproduced with the help of music. The chosen genre of the poem is lyricism using realism and describing natural landscapes.

After reading the poem “Winter Evening”, we can draw the following conclusion. The author conveys to the reader her feelings and pain through a vivid description of the natural elements, uses comparisons: “then she will howl like a beast, she will cry like a child...”. From the first lines, the poet’s hopelessness and his deplorable state are felt. But then the reader can find peace through turning to the good nanny with her kind songs. The presence of the nanny dispels the darkness and despondency in the soul, and the storm no longer seems so terrible and strong next to her. Being close to the nanny, her love for the pupil overcomes negative emotions and gives warmth and joy.

The poem “Winter Evening” was written in Mikhailovsky, in exile. The disgraced poet was at this time away from friends who shared his thoughts and feelings. He was obliged to report his every step to the provincial authorities. The poet's days were busy with work and reading. The long and harsh winter was especially difficult. In snow-covered Mikhailovsky there was only one soul mate - nanny Arina Rodionovna.

On one of these winter evenings, Pushkin wrote a poem addressed to her. It begins with a very vivid and figurative description of a snow storm, which seems to cut off the poet from the entire outside world. This is exactly how Pushkin felt under house arrest. It’s easy to imagine the picture depicted in the poem: it’s a late winter evening, a blizzard is howling outside, and the stove flooded by the nanny is crackling in the room.

Compositionally, the poem can be divided into four parts (by stanzas):

The first part is entirely devoted to the blizzard(or, as the author calls it, a storm). How many different shades the poet uses to describe it! He is not content with the usual words: “a blizzard howled,” he found vivid visual and auditory images. Here are his visual impressions: the sky is covered with darkness, a furious wind is swirling snow whirlwinds in the field. The author’s hearing distinguishes many shades: the howl of a wild animal (probably a wolf), the cry of a child, the rustling of a thatched roof, or the knocking on the window of a lost Traveler.

The entire first part is filled with various movements of the blizzard. This is achieved by using numerous verbs: the storm “covers the sky”, “spins whirlwinds”, “cries”, “howls”, “rustles the straw”, “knocks on the window”. In this part, the poet uses onomatopoeia: the howling of a blizzard is imitated by the frequently occurring sounds u, r: (storm, whirlwinds, beast). The emphasis in words falls mainly on the sounds a or o - this also perfectly conveys the howling of a blizzard.

The second and third parts of the poem are entirely addressed to the nanny, to a “good friend”. The two of them are in a snow-covered house, their state of mind is very similar. Question: “Why are you, my old lady, / silent at the window? "- the lyrical hero could probably turn to himself.
The poet makes various assumptions about why the nanny is sad:
Or howling storms
You, my friend, are tired,
Or dozing under the buzzing
Your spindle?

We see the confrontation between the external and internal worlds - the world of raging elements and the world of “decrepit”
shacks." The image of a “ramshackle shack” or “hut” was traditional for Russian poetry of the 19th and early 20th centuries. In Pushkin's work, the image of the house is unusually significant. A home for a poet is a place where the lyrical hero is protected from all blows of fate and any adversity.

The outside world is dark and cold, there is a lot of disharmony in it: the storm cries and howls like an animal, probably trying to get into the house. Maybe a storm is not only a natural phenomenon? Perhaps the daring and angry whirling of a snowstorm outside the window is an image of fate dooming the poet to loneliness? But it is not in Pushkin’s character to indulge in sadness. And although the house is just a “dilapidated shack”,
but there is a way to survive and not lose heart:
Let's have a drink, good friend
My poor youth
Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?
The heart will be more cheerful.