A short essay. Essay on language in three languages ​​Essay on three languages

Written as part of the course “Language, culture and intercultural communication” (Open Education portal).

First essay
Language is not only a means of communication, although we are accustomed to it in this role primarily.

Second essay
Are language and culture the creators of man?

In my opinion - yes, definitely.

Third essay
Languages ​​and cultures in the era of globalization: a new look at the Tower of Babel.

The idea that language not so much reflects our thinking as shapes it is becoming increasingly popular and is even making its way into feature films. The fantasy drama "Arrival" (dir. Denis Villeneuve), which was recently released, says that by learning another language, we learn the worldview of another people, in particular, their attitude to time. Having mastered the aliens' language, the main character begins to see the future - since they have this ability and it is recorded in their speech.
Thus, the idea is affirmed that each language is a cultural code of a people, containing its history and mentality. Therefore, the idea of ​​a common language for everyone, the language of the “pre-Babylonian era,” is utopian. And this is clearly seen in the example of the main modern international language - English.
It would seem that it is ideally suited to the role of a “world language”: native to residents of three continents, relatively easy for foreigners to learn. However, we see how this language, which has long existed in British, American and Australian variants, is now breaking up into chinglish, spanglish, runglish, dunglish and other pidgins (pidgin is a simplified language as a means of communication between different ethnic groups).
Communicating with each other in simplified English, foreigners understand each other much better than native speakers. There was an article about this on the BBC Capital website the other day: “Why no one understands native English speakers.” English-speaking people are advised to speak briefly, clearly, without slang or jokes, and to pause in their speech so that foreigners have time to understand them and formulate an answer.
Moreover, the Frenchman Jean-Paul Nerrier developed "globish" (from Global English) - a concentrated form of English with a vocabulary reduced to 1,500 words and a primitive but standardized grammar. This is not a language, but a tool for communication that works successfully: since 2004, more than 200 thousand Globish textbooks have been sold in 18 languages.
A world language can only exist in this version: a stripped-down lexicon, a maximally simplified grammar. It is this “distilled” English that native speakers need to speak if they want to be understood by their foreign colleagues and partners.
And if English actively invades other languages, saturating them with Anglicisms, then it itself suffers, losing its national identity. To save their language from this and return it to its “shield” function, English speakers hide behind slang, abbreviations, jokes and everything else that is understandable only to “their own”.
Perhaps, over time, this trend will intensify, and in fifty years “Globish” will have as little in common with “English English” as Surzhik, the language spoken by the peoples of the former USSR, has with the Russian language.

Yolkina Lyubov

The creative work in the essay genre was created as part of the school project "Literate School". With this work, the student participated in the regional competition "One Day of the Russian Language", which was held as part of the social and educational project "Literate Nizhny", organized by the Faculty of Philology of Nizhny Novgorod State University. Lobachevsky. Has a Certificate of participation in the competition.

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Competition of creative works “One day of the Russian language”

Essay

"About the Russian language"

Completed the work:

Yolkina Lyubov, 8th grade student

MKOU Mamontovskaya main

Comprehensive school

Sokolsky district

Nizhny Novgorod region

Supervisor:

Oshoeva L.A., teacher

Russian language and literature

2014

Essay.

About the Russian language.

The language of a people is the best, never fading and ever-blooming flower of their entire spiritual life.

(K. D. Ushinsky - teacher, writer.)

The Russian people have a great treasure, a great heritage, a great shrine - the Russian language. Century after century, the Russian people followed their unique historical path. And at all times his constant “companion” was the Russian language. Centuries, customs, mores changed, the form of structure and psychology changed, and the language of the people underwent changes. And yet, for thousands of years, it remained the same Russian language. The language spoken by the Grand Duke of Kiev Vladimir (Krasno Solnyshko), Lomonosov and Radishchev, Pushkin and Lermontov, Yesenin and Chekhov... The language spoken by my parents, brothers and sisters... The language I speak...

From childhood to old age, human life is inextricably linked with language. The first syllables of “ma-ma”, lullabies, fairy tales, poems, and now acquaintance with the Russian language has begun. It continues in kindergarten, at school, at university and... throughout our lives. Through words, reading, speech, we learn a lot. Something that was never known or seen. And maybe we will never see. We comprehend the world through words. Teachers' stories, conversations with mom, good books, exciting movies, necessary information from electronic media - and the world becomes closer to us. The Universe reveals its secrets to us.

One of the main wealth of a people is its language! For centuries, the eternal treasures of human thought and experience have multiplied and live in the word.

The Russian language is one of the most difficult languages ​​in the world. He is melodious and beautiful, gentle and lyrical. Many magnificent works have been written on it.

The Russian language has a huge number of words. But to write a good literary work, it is not enough just to find the right words. To make it interesting, a huge amount of work needs to be done. We all know the masterpieces of literature -fables of Ivan Andreevich Krylov . Several centuries have passed since their publication. But they are still on everyone’s lips; and all because Krylov’s fables are magnificent completed dramatic works, and their language is the perfect Russian language. Krylov's works are full of amazing phraseological turns, apt expressions, and subtle phrases. Most likely, only a person for whom Russian is a native language can fully appreciate the creations of this author. Although Krylov’s works have been translated into many languages ​​of the world, only those who speak the Russian language perfectly can fully experience the flavor that emanates from the language of Krylov’s fables and which makes them a phenomenon only of the Russian spirit. About two hundred lines of rough sketches were found for Krylov’s well-known fable “The Cuckoo and the Rooster,” which in its final version consisted of only twenty-one lines. This is how carefully the great fabulist handled the Russian word, the Russian language.

The representative of Russian sentimentalism, Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1825), at one time correctly noted: “The true richness of a language lies not in the multitude of sounds, not in the multitude of words, but in the number of thoughts expressed by it. A rich language is one in which you will find words not only to signify the main ideas, but also to explain their differences, their shades, greater or lesser strength, simplicity and complexity. Otherwise he is poor; poor with all his millions of words. In a language enriched by intelligent authors, in a developed language there cannot be synonyms; they always have some subtle differences between themselves, known to those writers who master the spirit of language, who think for themselves, feel for themselves, and are not parrots of others».

The famous teacher, critic and literary critic Alexey Fedorovich Merzlyakov wrote and discussed the Russian language. He was a teacher in the literature department at Moscow University and a teacher of the writer A.S. Griboedova. Alexey Fedorovich's lectures were a great success among students. Merzlyakov highly valued Russian literature of the 18th century and attached great importance to poetryLomonosov And Derzhavina , studied the Russian language. He wrote: “ZLomonosov's services to language and Literature are immortal. - In his writings, with sweet amazement, Russians noticed for the first time the richness, splendor, splendor of their language... Everyone found a new language, new words, new sounds; felt that they were family and wondered why they had not known them before».

A friend of the Lyceum fought for purity, for the establishment of the Russian language.Pushkin , participant in the Decembrist movementWilhelm Kuchelbecker . In a journalistic article “On the direction of our poetry, especially lyrical, in the last decade” (1824), which caused a huge response in society, Kuchelbecker wrote: “May truly Russian poetry be created for the glory of Russia; May Holy Rus', not only in the civil, but also in the moral world, be the first power in the universe!...Chronicles, songs and folk tales are the best, purest, most reliable sources for our literature».

The Russian language, which united ancestors and descendants, united the nation, changing over time, never interrupting its history for a moment, has become one of the most perfect and richest languages ​​in the world. The outstanding French writer Prosper Mérimée emphasized: “..the French language, supported by Greek and Latin, calling on all its dialects for help... and even the language of the times of Francois Rabelais - unless he alone could give an idea of ​​​​this sophistication and the energetic power... of the Russian language».

Topic (essay) in English on the topic “English in life”

Why is it so important to learn foreign languages?

I think, nowadays it is very important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages, because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for the third it`s just a hobby. People want to know languages, to write to their pen-friends or to communicate with people from different countries, to meet more people and make new friends. Also, they want to read books of famous writers in original, to read newspapers and magazines. It helps them to know more about different events, people`s life, customs and traditions.

Nowadays, English has become an international language. Over 300 million people speak it as a mother tongue. As for me, I learn English from 7 years age. This language helps me very much, to speak free with people from all over the world, make new friends and participate in international contests.

I like one proverb of Johann Goethe: "He who does not know foreign languages ​​does not know anything about his own." I speak Ukrainian, Russian, English, a little Italian and Spanish. And I`m very proud of it, because languages-it`s my second life. Also, I would like to learn Germany, French and Serbian, but this year I dedicate myself to learning Italian. You know, dream from my childhood - to be an an interpreter and I`m sure, I get it.

Personally, I think that to know foreign languages ​​today is absolutely necessary for every educated man, for every good specialist. So let`s to learn foreign languages ​​and discover with them many interesting things in our life!

Translation:

I think in our time, it is very important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages ​​because they need them for work, others to travel abroad, and for others it is just a hobby. People want to know languages, write pen pals or communicate with people from different countries, meet more new people and make friends. In addition, they want to read books by famous writers in the original, read newspapers and magazines. This helps them learn more about different events, people's lives, customs and traditions.

Learning foreign languages ​​broadens our horizons, people become more educated. In my opinion, languages ​​are especially important for those who work in various fields of science, technology, and politics. A foreign language helps you learn your native language better. People who know many languages ​​are polyglots. We know some names of polyglots: German professor Schlimmann, famous writer Shakespeare, philosopher Socrates and many others.

Nowadays, English has become an international language. About 300 million people speak it as their mother tongue. As for me, I have been learning English since I was 7 years old. This language helps me a lot, speak fluently with people from all over the world, make new friends and take part in international competitions.

I like one proverb by Johann Goethe: “He who does not know foreign languages ​​knows nothing about his native language.” I speak Ukrainian, Russian, English, a little Italian and Spanish. And I am very proud of this, because languages ​​are my second life. Also, I would like to learn German, French and Serbian, but this year I am devoting myself to learning Italian. You know, my childhood dream was to be a translator and I’m sure I will.

Personally, I think that knowing foreign languages ​​today is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for every good specialist. Therefore, let's learn foreign languages ​​and discover many interesting things in our lives with them!

Kuznetsova Milena

Essay
“My language is my homeland”
Zhanburshinova Aida
Grade 10
KSU "Yubileinaya Secondary School"
Taranovsky district
Head: Topchaya Vera Nikolaevna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
The language of the fathers is a holy heritage,
Deep, sharp, strong, like a scream.
Your children with a caring hand
You will attract me to you, my native language!
M. Zhumabaev
I imagine any language as a big treasury where people invest the most
expensive. This is not money, not gold and not even precious stones, but melodic beautiful
words, phrases, words of love, friendship, anger. Clever sayings and aphorisms, sharp
proverbs... And also poems that penetrate to the depths of the soul, wonderful songs and
wise books.
“The fate of every people is organically intertwined with the fate of its language... After all, everyone
people are a unique culture, history and traditions. And, of course, language,” wrote
one of the writers... He's really right! The fate of not only the people depends on the language,
The fate of each of us depends on the knowledge and ability to use our native language.
My Motherland is Kazakhstan, it is the most dear, important, precious, beloved
a country. Therefore, for me the most native language is the Kazakh language, the most beautiful and
rich. Since birth, I have been inextricably linked with this language. When I was a child, my mother sang to me
lullaby, taught me the first steps in life. I sing songs in this language, I grow with it
language, it is a part of my life...
According to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh language is a language that has the status
state Our President N. Nazarbayev emphasized “that the state language is
this is a language that unites all the peoples of Kazakhstan.” And in our state people live
different nationalities. Our school has a motley ethnic composition: Kazakhs, Russians,
Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars... . We are so different, and yet we have so much
general: the desire to get a decent education, to be in demand in society,
observance of the customs and traditions of their people. This means that Kazakhstan is our common home.
I am very glad that at our school we study three languages: Kazakh, Russian and English,
which allows us to confidently step into the future. But our native language is our “spiritual core”.
Thanks to our teachers, in every lesson we learn the history of our ancestors, our
customs and traditions, the importance of language and absorbing grains of the knowledge that
vital for native speakers.
A people without a language is a house without a foundation; the wind blew and people scattered like
bricks, around the world... . Not being able to speak and write correctly in your native language is the highest
ignorance. Without knowing his native language, a person always loses his homeland, and a person without
Homeland, this is a person who has nothing that could please him, a person who does not
A person who knows his native language is a lonely person. One person cannot accomplish
a large-scale idea to strengthen the native language in all levels of society, special

attitude and respect towards him. But if thousands think about it, considering themselves
the only implementers of this plan, then the fate of the language will begin to change in
the best side.
Probably every person is familiar with this feeling when you are far from home, in a foreign land and
hear your native word! One long-awaited word can bring so much joy and
happiness, pride for your people, for your Motherland! I can imagine: if I suddenly find myself in
in an unfamiliar place without family and friends, then it will be enough to find someone who speaks to me
in one language. He will understand and help me. This, in my opinion, is the biggest
the wealth of the Motherland - you just need to extend your hand, and someone will definitely respond.
The culture of every nation is unique and inimitable, and language is its root. If
We save the root, and everything else will survive. Therefore, a person must protect, cherish
your native language, preserve it, and not pollute it with foreign words.
No language in the world can convey the feelings that awaken in me,
listening to Kazakh music or poetry. No language in the world can describe the depths
souls, as Kazakh akyns (writers) do.
To raise the people... to revive the ancient roots in them, to describe the takeoff of an eagle and the blow of the wind,
the taste of mother's milk, the importance of honor, the sounds of dombra, the singing of storytellers and
the immortality of great deeds living through the centuries, all this is you, my language, my native
Kazakh language, my Motherland!
By respecting your native language, developing and protecting it, you can not only
to preserve the true appearance of the native language for many centuries. But then it will work out
improve his wonderful vocabulary, improve his grammar and add his own
a unique share in what we can use to express our thoughts and emotions,
disposing of reserves of tons of phrases with good intentions. The fate of the native language depends on
each of us and just each of us creates a small part of it, turning it into priceless
treasure of the Motherland.
Let's value, love and respect our language. There is nothing else like it in the world. In him -
the immense soul of the people, the greatness of their feat. Our native language is our wise and eternal
teacher. The more I get to know him through the works of writers, the more I
I realize his power and strength. Where my language is, there is my home, my Motherland.

Language is a sign system that correlates conceptual content and typical sound.
Personally, this doesn’t mean anything to me and doesn’t really explain anything. Out of curiosity, I entered the word “language” into the global search engine Google. What he didn’t reveal, if only you knew. My eyes widened like a child standing near a counter with sweets, you can’t try everything, otherwise diabetes will break out, but that’s what you want. I’ll have to start analyzing my “languages.”
Russian language.
The only thing I know about the Russian language is that it is one of the largest languages ​​in the world, it belongs to the East Slavic languages ​​and is the state language of citizens of the Russian Federation. Russian is spoken by at least 300 million people, if not more. A decent figure for a language that has seen many different changes in its lifetime. Although I think that out of these 300 million, only about 100 thousand know the Russian language to an A level, and all the other Onegins know everything superficially. It's sad that I am also Onegin.
Language.
In the field of anatomy, language has its own interpretation. The easiest way for me to understand this is as an organ in the oral cavity, which serves to determine the taste and chewing of food, and in humans, also for the articulation of speech. If we compare it with the previous “language”, then the entire population of the world speaks this language. It is a fact. Although there were, and perhaps still are, exotic tribes in which, for any mistake, the leader deprived them of their language.
For example, there used to be a Guanche tribe. Probably one of the most mysterious tribes in history, their rock inscriptions are still not deciphered and many people wonder how they appeared in the first place and why they disappeared so quickly from the face of the earth. So, they had such a belief that, as punishment for some kind of guilt, the leader deprived them of their tongue and therefore they communicated silently, simply moving their lips, and at a distance they communicated by whistling. Paradoxical: language without language.
Over the years, stable expressions have appeared - sayings with “tongues”. Such as: My tongue is my enemy. About the habit of saying unnecessary things to the detriment of your loved one. Sometimes it is difficult to control the flow of your own thoughts. Like a beaver dam, which at any moment may fail and all the water it has been holding back will flow wherever it wants. Personally, I’m always straightforward, I never hold back my thoughts and emotions, I can’t say that I often cry for it, but I rarely say either. Although many of my friends are surprised at my ability to be straightforward in everything. Most of all, I don’t like to restrain my emotions towards others, most often new people, if I don’t like them, I don’t intend to sit and let my nerve cells stupidly die because of some moral principles. Maybe re-found the Guanche tribe, at least it will be beneficial for me.
Dish.
The tongue is like a dish. For example - beef. My mother is a rabid fan of all kinds of cookbooks. The shelves are chock-full of one-kilogram cookbooks - giants covered with a two-centimeter layer of dust, which leave their “place of residence” only two or three times a year and are used for their intended purpose, and not as a stand for coffee or tea. Once a couple of times my mother came across that same beef tongue. She cooked it long and hard, the smell of which disgusted me and lingered throughout the entire apartment for at least an hour. She brewed it like some kind of love potion, constantly adding some seasonings, salt, peppers and everything, as my mother herself commented on it: “For taste.” It is not clear what taste it is. I didn’t try my tongue, less than the smell was enough. And the very fact that I would put someone else’s tongue on my tongue caused a gag reflex in me. I often found this kind of snack on all kinds of holiday tables: for the New Year, Easter, March 8, Valentine's Day, Christmas and February 23. Cows are in fashion these days. Of course, I’m not a gourmet, and you can’t call beef tongue a delicate, exquisite dish. It needs to be simpler.

Bell hanging detail.
The tongue is also the name given to the hanging part of the bell that hits its walls.
Of course it’s not arbitrary, but it hits. While making characteristic sounds. But these sounds are not simple. For example, in ancient times, in villages, when bells rang, it meant some kind of sorrow, such as a fire, or, on the contrary, joy. The ringing of bells evokes strange feelings in me, even unpleasant ones. Your throat becomes dry, your stomach seems to become the size of a child’s fist and sucks in the pit of your stomach, a picture involuntarily appears in your head that is close to the end of the world, and in general you feel uneasy.
The prisoner is the tongue.
Previously, prisoners were called tongue. During the war, the word “prisoner” was often replaced with “tongue”. Ambiguous concept. A person and at the same time his “language” were taken prisoner. Of course, not in the literal sense, but figuratively. The prisoner kept valuable information that was important for the enemy, and sometimes paid for it with his life. They tortured him, if only he would loosen his tongue. And he swore that he would never, under any circumstances, open his mouth or utter a word. This is how important languages ​​died. It's all sad. If I were a prisoner, I would poison my enemies with anecdotes and humorous stories from my life, like for example, I fell into a ditch among the frogs on a bicycle and for a long time could not get up because of my own laughter. It's a pity that in reality everything is not so simple. Otherwise, I’ve already signed up for the ranks of super heroes.

So I finally analyzed my “languages”. I think this will help you somehow. Well, or at least you learned something new. You should not limit yourself to one concept if the word consists of less than five letters.