The image of matryona Korchagina is brief. Characteristics and image of Matryona Timofeevna in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia. Characteristics of Matryona, her philosophy of life

"Who Lives Well in Russia" was written over a century ago. The poem gives a vivid description of the troubles and trials that the Russian people had to go through, and depicts what happiness looks like for ordinary men. The work is titled with an eternal question that has tormented each of us for centuries.

The narrative invites the reader to familiarize themselves with the original story. Its main characters were the peasants who gathered to determine the estate in which the happy person lives. Analyzing all ranks, the men got acquainted with the stories of the characters, the most fortunate among whom was the seminarian. The meaning of the hero's surname is important in this case. The happiness for the student was not material well-being, but peace and tranquility in the lands of the motherland and the well-being of the people.

History of creation

The poem was created in the period from 1863 to 1877, and in the course of the work the characters and the plot of the composition changed several times. The work was not completed, since the author died in 1877, but "Who Lives Well in Russia" is considered an integral literary opus.

Nekrasov is famous for his clear civic stance and speeches against social injustice. He repeatedly raised in his work the problems of concern to the Russian peasantry. The writer condemned the treatment of serfs by landowners, exploitation of women and forcing children to work. After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the long-awaited happiness for ordinary people did not come. The problem of non-freedom was replaced by other questions concerning the prospects for independent peasant life.

The images revealed in the poem help to penetrate into the depth of the question asked by the author. Nekrasov demonstrates the difference between happiness as understood by a landowner and a simple peasant. The rich are sure that the main thing in life is material well-being, and the poor consider the absence of unnecessary troubles for happiness. The spirituality of the people is described by means of Grisha Dobrosklonov, who dream of universal contentment.

Nekrasov in "Who Lives Well in Russia" defines the problems of the estates, revealing the greed and cruelty of the rich, illiteracy and drunkenness among the peasants. He believes that, having realized what true happiness is, all the heroes of the work will make an effort to achieve it.

Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is the character in the work. In her youth, she was truly happy, since this time of her life was truly carefree. The parents loved the girl, and she tried to help her family in everything. Like other peasant children, Matryona was accustomed to work early. Games were gradually replaced by household chores and troubles, but the rapidly growing girl did not forget about leisure.

This peasant woman is hardworking and active. Her appearance delighted the eye with her stateliness and real Russian beauty. Many guys had plans for a girl, and once the groom wooed her. On this, a young and happy life before marriage came to an end. The will was replaced by the way that prevails in a strange family, about which Matryona's parents grieve. The girl's mother, realizing that her husband will not always protect her daughter, mourns her future.

Life in a new home really didn't work out right away. The sister-in-law and parents of her husband forced Matryona to work hard and did not spoil her with a kind word. The only pleasures of the beauty were a silk scarf presented by her husband and a ride on a sleigh.

Relationships in marriage could not be called smooth, because at that time husbands often beat their wives, and girls had no one to turn to for help and protection. Matryona's everyday life was gray and monotonous, full of hard work and reproaches from her relatives. Embodying the ideal of a stately Slav, the girl resignedly endured all the hardships of fate and showed powerful patience.

The son who was born revealed to Matryona from a new side. A loving mother, she gives her child all the tenderness that she is capable of. The girl's happiness was short-lived. She tried to spend as much time with the baby as possible, but the work took every minute, and the child was a burden. Grandfather Savely looked after Matryona's son and once did not look. The child died. His death was a tragedy for the young mother. In those days, such cases happened often, but became an incredible test for women.

The police, the doctor and the police officer who came to the house decided that Matryona, in conspiracy with her grandfather, a former convict, had deliberately ruined the baby. It was decided to conduct an autopsy to establish the cause of the boy's death. For a girl, this becomes a great grief, because now the child cannot be buried without mockery.

The image of Matryona is a portrait of a real Russian woman, staunch, strong-willed and patient. A woman who is unable to break the vicissitudes of life. After a while, Matryona has children again. She loves and protects them, continuing to work for the good of her family.

The maternal instinct of Matryona Timofeevna is so strong that for the sake of the children the heroine is ready for anything. This is emphasized by the episode when the landowner wanted to punish his son Fedotushka. The dignified woman lay down under the cane, sacrificing herself instead of her own child. With the same zeal, she stands up for her husband, whom they want to recruit. The people's intercessor grants salvation to Matryona's family.

The life of a simple peasant woman is not easy and full of grief. She went through more than one hungry year, lost her son, constantly worried about people dear to her heart. The whole existence of Matryona Timofeevna was laid on to fight the misfortunes that stand in her way. The difficulties that fell to her lot could break her spirit. Often, women like Matryona died early because of hardships and troubles. But those who survived aroused pride and respect. The image of a Russian woman in the person of Matryona is also praised by Nekrasov.

The writer sees how hardy and patient she is, how much strength and love her soul keeps, how caring and gentle a simple hardworking woman can be. He is not inclined to call the heroine happy, but he is proud that she does not lose heart, but comes out the winner in the struggle for life.

Quotes

In tsarist Russia, the life of a woman was extremely difficult. By the age of 38, the strong and stately Matryona Timofeevna already called herself an old woman. Many troubles fell to her lot, which the woman coped with on her own, so she condemns the men who started looking for the lucky ones among the women:

“And what you started,

Not a thing - between women

Happy to look for! "

For her fortitude and fortitude, the heroine began to be called "the governor's wife", because not every woman dared to take such heroic actions that Matryona took. The woman deserved the new nickname by right, but this name did not bring happiness. The main joy for Korchagina is not at all in the national glory:

"They made me a lucky woman,

Nicknamed the governor

Matryona since then ...

What's next? I rule the house

Growing children ... for joy?

You need to know too! "

The chapter in which the heroine opens the eyes of the peasants to the mistake is called "Woman's Parable". Matryona Timofeevna admits that she is not able to recognize herself and other peasant women as happy. Too much oppression, trials, anger of landowners, anger from husbands and relatives, vicissitudes of fate fall to their lot. Matryona believes that there are no lucky women among women:

"The keys to women's happiness,

From our free will

Abandoned, lost

Yasyreva Anastasia

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Slide captions:

"…To me
happiness in girls fell:
We had a good one
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived
well done ... "
"…Yes
no matter how I ran them,
And the betrothed was found,
On the mountain - a stranger!
Philip Korchagin -
Petersburger
,
By skill
stove-maker ... "
Life before marriage
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant"
"WITH
a tremendous gray mane,
Tea, twenty years not clipped,
With a huge beard
Grandfather looked like a bear,
Especially from the forest
Bending over, I went out.
My grandfather has an arc of his back, -
At first I was afraid of everything
As in a low gorenka
He entered. will he straighten up?
Will punch a hole
bear
Head in the light
!»
Savely - branded
, but not a slave!
"Family
was tremendous,
Grumpy ... I hit
From girlish holi to hell
!»
Living in a new family

Slide captions:

"How
written was
Demushka

Beauty
taken from
sun ...
The whole
anger from the soul my handsome
I drove away with an angelic smile,
Like the spring sun
Drives snow from the fields
...»
Birth of a child
Death
Demushki
His
death was too difficult for her.
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant"
“
Keys to female happiness
,
From
of our free will
Abandoned
, lost
Have
God himself! "
The life of Matryona Timofeevna
is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.
Love to
children, to their family
- this is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, therefore Matryona Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her
children and her husband.

Preview:

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who Lives Well in Russia")

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman, Matryona Timofeevna, is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matryona Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matryona Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time left for them, the hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard day's work, the girl found time to rest.

Matryona Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. No wonder the guys looked at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents were giving in marriage to Matryona Timofeevna. Marriage means that now the girl's free and free life is over. Now she will live in someone else's family, where they will not treat her in the best way.

Matryona Timofeevna shares her sorrowful thoughts. She did not at all want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matryona Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now. Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sisters-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work a lot, and at the same time no one said a good word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, she had her own simple and simple joys. The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop cloudlessly. The husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will defend the poor thing, on the contrary, all the relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to see her suffering.

Such was the life of Matryona Timofeevna after marriage. Days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But the peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life. Now the woman is not so embittered all over the world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

The joy of the peasant woman from the birth of her son was not long. Working in the field requires a lot of time and effort, and then there's a baby in your arms. At first Matryona Timofeevna took the child with her to the field. But then her mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with her grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death was too difficult for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the police officer accuse Matryona of conspiring with the former convict grandfather Savely to destroy the child. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to have an autopsy done in order to bury the child without mocking the body. But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child, still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, to raise her children, to do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matryona Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by the episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for the offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner ordered:

"Child support

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Roughly punish! "

For what did Matrena Timofeevna endure the punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others. The readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in how Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip to free himself from recruitment.

Matryona Timofeevna is still young, but she already had to endure a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to women's happiness,

From our free will

Abandoned, lost

God himself! "

Indeed, a peasant woman cannot be called happy in any way. All the difficulties and ordeals that fall to her lot can crush and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. This is very often the case. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long; very often women die in their prime. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. But nevertheless, one cannot but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matryona Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. A woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family on her own, Matryona Timofeevna does not see any help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matryona Timofeevna evokes genuine admiration. After all, she finds the strength to live, work, continues to rejoice in those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And even if she honestly admits that she can not be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, continues to live.

The life of Matryona Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

Slide captions:

"Not
everything between men
Find the happy one
Let's touch the women
!»
“... at
we don't like this,
And there is in the village of Klinu:
Kholmogorskaya cow,
Not a woman!
smarter
And smoother - there is no woman.
You ask Korchagin
Matryona Timofeevna,
She is: the governor
...»
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant"
"You're not up to it!
Now it's time to work
Leisure to interpret
?..
Have
an ear of us is already pouring in,
There are not enough hands, dear ones. "
"And what are we for, godfather?
Come on sickles! All seven
How will we become tomorrow - by evening
We'll squeeze all your rye
!...
A
give us your soul! "
"I won't hide anything!"
"Matryona
Timofeevna
Dignified
female,
Wide
and
dense,
Years
thirty
oct
.
Beautiful
; gray hair,
Eyes
big, strict,
Eyelashes
the richest,
Surova
and swarthy
.
On the
her shirt
white,
Yes
short sundress
,
Yes
sickle through
shoulder."
The appearance of the heroine

The search for a happy man leads the wanderers of N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" to the threshold of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina's house.

Happy life

The chapter "The Peasant Woman" is devoted to the description of the fate of Matryona Timofeevna. The governor's wife, as the peasants call her, joyfully recalls her childhood when she felt free, happy, and surrounded by care.

Subsequent events are a series of misfortunes. Married life is full of humiliation. The woman listens to the complaints of her mother-in-law, who considers her industrious daughter-in-law "drowsy", "dormant." Tolerates the nagging of the room, the beatings of her husband. A happy event was the birth of the son of Demushka. Only the joy was short-lived. Grandfather Savely fell asleep - a little boy died.

Having recovered, Matryona continues to sacrifice herself for the sake of loved ones. Lies down under the cane instead of Fedotushka's son (the child took pity on the puppy she-wolf, feeding her a sheep). Saves her husband from service. Pregnant, in winter she goes to ask the governor for help. The happiness of a woman is overcoming the trials of fate.

Woman's parable

The peasants cannot find a happy woman, Matryona Timofeevna believes. The key to women's happiness is "abandoned", "lost" says a woman's parable. God's warriors found only keys that make the peasant woman a slave.

He did not carry a heart in his chest,
Who did not shed tears over you!
ON THE. Nekrasov
In the works of N.A. Nekrasov, many works are devoted to a simple Russian woman. The fate of a Russian woman has always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he speaks of her hard part. Starting with the early poem "On the Road" and ending with the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", Nekrasov talked about the "female share", about the selflessness of the Russian peasant woman, about her spiritual beauty. In the poem "The Village Suffering is in Full swing", written shortly after the reform, a true reflection of the inhuman hard work of a young peasant mother is given:
Share you! - Russian female share!
It is hardly more difficult to find ...
Talking about the hard lot of the Russian peasant woman, Nekrasov often embodied in her image the lofty ideas about the spiritual power of the Russian people, about its physical beauty:
There are women in Russian villages
With the calm importance of faces,
With beautiful strength in movement,
With a gait, with the gaze of queens.
In the works of Nekrasov, the image of a "stately Slavic woman" arises, with a pure heart, a bright mind, a strong spirit. This is Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose" and a simple girl from "Troika". This is Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
The image of Matryona Timofeevna, as it were, completes and unites in the work of Nekrasov a group of images of women peasants. The poem recreates the type of the ". Great Slav," a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and austere beauty:
A dignified woman
Wide and dense.
About thirty years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
Eyes are large, stern,
The richest eyelashes
Severe and dark.
She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted to tell about his fate. "The Peasant Woman" is the only part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", all written in the first person. Trying to answer the question of truth-seekers, whether she can call herself happy, Matryona Timofeevna tells the story of her life. The voice of Matryona Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than tells, sings folk songs. The Peasant Woman is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost entirely built on folk-poetic images and motives. The whole story of Matryona Timofeevna's life is a chain of continuous misfortune and suffering. It is not for nothing that she says about herself: "I am a downcast head, I wear an angry heart!" She is convinced: "It is not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women." Why? After all, there was love in the life of this woman, the joy of motherhood, the respect of others. But with her story, the heroine makes the peasants ponder over the question of whether this is enough for happiness and whether all the hardships and hardships of life that fall to the lot of the Russian peasant woman will not outweigh this cup:
It's quiet for me, invisible
The mental storm has passed
Will you show her? ..
For me, mortal grievances
Gone unpaid
And the whip went over me!
Slowly and unhurriedly, Matryona Timofeevna leads her story. She lived well and at ease in her parents' house. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up with “girl's will to hell”: a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunken father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom the daughter-in-law had to work like a slave. She was lucky with her husband. But Philip only returned from work in winter, and the rest of the time there was no one to intercede for her, except for grandfather Savely. The consolation for the peasant woman is her firstborn Demushka. But through an oversight of Savely, the child dies. Matryona Timofeevna becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child (to find out the cause of death, the authorities perform an autopsy on the child's corpse). For a long time she cannot forgive the “sin” of Savely, that he overlooked her Demushka. But Matryona Timofeevna's tests did not end there. Her second son Fedot is growing up, but misfortune happens to him. Her eight-year-old son faces punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf as shepherds. Fedot took pity on her, saw how hungry and unhappy she was, and the cubs in her den were not fed:
He looks with his head up,
In my eyes ... and suddenly howled!
To save the little son from the punishment that threatened him, Matryona herself lies down under the rod instead of him.
But the hardest trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. Recruiting deprives her of her last protector, her husband (he is taken out of turn):
... Hungry
Orphans-kids are standing
In front of me ...
The family is looking at them,
They are noisy in the house,
Fugitive on the street
Gluttons at the table ...
And they began to pinch them,
Beat the head ...
Shut up, mother soldier!
Matryona Timofeevna decides to ask the governor for intercession. She runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the doorman lets her into the house for a bribe, throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna:
How will I throw myself
At her feet: “Step on!
By deception, not in a divine way
Breadwinner and parent
They take from the kids! "
The governor's wife took pity on Matryona Timofeevna. The heroine returns home with her husband and newborn Liodorushka. This incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor's wife."
The further fate of Matryona Timofeevna is also abundant in troubles: one of the sons has already been taken into the army, "twice burned ... God has anthrax ... three times visited." The "Woman's Parable" summarizes her tragic story:
Keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
God himself!
The life story of Matryona Timofeevna showed that the most difficult, unbearable living conditions could not crush the peasant woman. The harsh conditions of life honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to relying on their own strengths everywhere and in everything. Nekrasov endows his heroine not only with beauty, but with great spiritual strength. Not obedience to fate, not dull patience, but pain and anger are expressed in the words with which she ends the story of her life:
For me, mortal grievances
Gone unpaid ...
Anger accumulates in the soul of the peasant, but faith in the intercession of the Mother of God, in the power of prayer, remains. After praying, she goes to the city to seek the truth. She is saved by her own spiritual strength and will to live. Nekrasov showed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna both readiness for self-sacrifice, when she stood up to protect her son, and strength of character when she does not bow before formidable bosses. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is as if woven from folk poetry. Lyrical and wedding folk songs, lamentations have long told about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source, creating the image of his beloved heroine.
Written about the people and for the people, the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is close to the works of oral folk art. The verse of the poem - the artistic discovery of Nekrasov - perfectly conveyed the living speech of the people, their songs, sayings, sayings, which have absorbed centuries-old wisdom, crafty humor, sadness and joy. The entire poem is a truly folk work, and this is its great significance.

In many of his works, Nekrasov reflects on the fate of the Russian peasant woman: in the poem "Frost, Red Nose", the poems "Troika", "The village suffering is in full swing ...", "Orina, the soldier's mother" and in many others. In the gallery of wonderful female images, a special place is occupied by the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina - the heroine of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".

Popular rumor brings peasants-truth-seekers to the village of Klin, where they hope to meet a happy peasant woman. How much painful suffering fell to the lot of this "happy" woman! But from all of her appearance comes such beauty and strength that one cannot help but admire her. As she recalls the type of "stately Slav", about which Nekrasov wrote with delight in the poem "Frost, Red Nose".

In trouble - it will not shrink, - it will save:
He will stop a galloping horse,
It will enter the burning hut!

Matryona begins her leisurely story about her own destiny, this is a story about why the people regard her as happy. Matryona Timofeevna, according to her, was lucky as a girl:

Happiness fell to me in girls:
We had a good one
Non-drinking family.

The family surrounded their beloved daughter with care and affection. In the seventh year, they began to teach the peasant daughter to work: "I myself ... ran to the herd for the drill, carried my father to breakfast, grazed the ducklings." And this work was a joy to her. Matryona Timofeevna, having worked in the field, will wash in the bathhouse and is ready to sing, dance:

And a kind worker
And sing-dance the huntress
I was young.

But how few bright moments in her life! One of them is an engagement with his beloved Filippushka. Matryona did not sleep all night, thinking about the upcoming marriage: she was frightened by "bondage." And yet, love turned out to be stronger than fears of falling into slavery.

Then it was happiness
And more unlikely when!

And then, after marriage, she went to hell from a girl's Holi. Exhausting work, "mortal grievances", misfortunes with children, separation from her husband, who was illegally recruited, and many other adversities - such is the bitter life path of Matryona Timofeevna. With pain she says that in her:

No broken bone
There is no loose vein.

I am amazed at the steadfastness, the courage with which this wonderful woman endured suffering without bowing her proud head. My heart bleeds when you read the lines of a poem about the inconsolable grief of a mother who lost her first-born son Demushka:

I rolled in a ball
I curled up like a worm
Called, woke up Demushka
Yes, it was too late to call! ..

The mind is ready to be clouded by a terrible misfortune. But great mental strength helps Matryona Timofeevna to withstand. She sends angry curses to her enemies, the warden and the healer, tormenting the "white body" of her son: "Villains! Executioners! " Matryona Timofeevna wants to find them for "their council, but Savely dissuades her:" High God, far away king ... We cannot find the truth. " "But why, grandfather?" - asks the unfortunate. "You are a serf woman!" - and this sounds like the final verdict.

And yet, when misfortune happens to her second son, she becomes "insolent": she decisively knocks down the head of Silantiya, saving Fedotushka from punishment, taking his rod on herself. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to withstand any trials, inhuman torments in order to defend her children and her husband from everyday troubles. What tremendous willpower a woman must have to go alone

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