Requirements for individual heating points. Individual heating point (ITP): system composition and application. Heating point individual

Annex 2

Typical requirements for premisesfor placement of metering units for thermal energy of consumers

Premises for the placement of metering stations for thermal energy of consumers must comply with the requirements established by the following regulatory documents:

1. JV "Design of heat points" (Introduction date
01.07.1996);

2. Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant (approved by order
Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.2001 No. VK-4936);

3. Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants
(approved by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia);

4. Rules for the installation of electrical installations;

5. SNiP 2.04.07-86* Heating networks (with Amendments No. 1,2) (approved
Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR dated 01.01.2001 No. 75).

The heat energy metering unit is equipped at a heat point owned by the consumer.

Individual heating points (hereinafter referred to as ITP) must be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.

Buildings of detached and attached ITPs should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.

Separately standing ITPs are allowed to be underground, provided:

Absence of groundwater in the area of ​​placement and sealing of inputs
engineering communications to the building of the heating point, excluding
the possibility of flooding the heating point with sewer,
flood and other waters;

Ensuring gravity drainage of water from pipelines of thermal
item;

Ensuring automated operation of thermal equipment
point without permanent service personnel with emergency
alarm and partial remote control with
control room.

According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points should be classified as category D.

Heat points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises of categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.

In the premises of heat points, the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning should be provided, while the following work should be performed:

Plastering of the ground part of brick walls;

Jointing of panel walls;

Ceiling whitewashing;

Concrete or tiled floors.

The walls of the heating points must be covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.

From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:

a) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside
- one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;

b) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one
independent exit;

c) if the length of the premises of the heating point is more than 12 m - two
exit, one of which should be directly outside, the second -
through a corridor or stairwell.

In underground, detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to place a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall

Doors and gates from the substation must be opened from the premises or building of the heat substation away from you.

The size of the doorway of the ITP must ensure the free passage of personnel.

All passages, entrances, exits must be lit, free, safe for movement.

The passage between the equipment, pipelines must ensure free passage of personnel and be at least 0.6 m. Transition platforms must be arranged through pipelines located at or above the floor level.

The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be at least 2.2 m.

When placing IHS in the basement and basement rooms, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, the height of the rooms and free passages to them is at least 1.8 m.

For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.

Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.

The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.

For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.

The minimum distance from the edge of the movable supports to the edge of the supporting structures (traverses, brackets, support pads) of the pipelines should ensure the maximum possible displacement of the support in the lateral direction with a margin of at least 50 mm. In addition, the minimum distance from the edge of the traverse or bracket to the axis of the pipe must be at least 1.0 Dy (where Dy is the nominal diameter of the pipe).

The distance from the surface of the heat-insulating structure of the pipeline to the building structures of the building or to the surface of the heat-insulating structure of another pipeline must be at least 30 mm in the light, taking into account the movement of the pipeline.

The laying of the water pipeline must be carried out in one row or under the pipelines of heating networks, while the thermal insulation of the water supply must be performed to prevent the formation of condensate on the surface of the water pipes.

In heating points, the supply pipeline must be located to the right of the return pipeline (along the flow of the coolant in the supply pipeline) when laying pipelines in one row.

For heat points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange, determined by heat emissions from pipelines and equipment. The design air temperature in the working area during the cold period of the year should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm period of the year - 5 ° C higher than the outside air temperature.

In the premises of heat points, it is necessary to carry out measures for the destruction of insects, rodents (disinfestation, deratization).

Individual is a whole complex of devices located in a separate room, including elements of thermal equipment. It provides connection to the heating network of these installations, their transformation, control of heat consumption modes, operability, distribution by types of heat carrier consumption and regulation of its parameters.

Heating point individual

A thermal installation that deals with or of its individual parts is an individual heating point, or abbreviated ITP. It is intended to provide hot water supply, ventilation and heat to residential buildings, housing and communal services, as well as industrial complexes.

For its operation, it will be necessary to connect to the water and heat system, as well as the power supply necessary to activate the circulation pumping equipment.

A small individual heating point can be used in a single-family house or a small building connected directly to the centralized heating network. Such equipment is designed for space heating and water heating.

A large individual heating point is engaged in the maintenance of large or multi-apartment buildings. Its power ranges from 50 kW to 2 MW.

Main tasks

The individual heat point provides the following tasks:

• Accounting for heat and coolant consumption.
• Protection of the heat supply system from an emergency increase in the parameters of the coolant.
• Shutdown of the heat consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of the coolant throughout the heat consumption system.
• Adjustment and control of parameters of the circulating liquid.
• coolant.

Advantages

• High economy.
• Long-term operation of an individual heating point has shown that modern equipment of this type, unlike other non-automated processes, consumes 30% less
• Operating costs are reduced by about 40-60%.
• The choice of the optimal mode of heat consumption and precise adjustment will reduce the loss of thermal energy by up to 15%.
• Silent operation.
• Compactness.
• The overall dimensions of modern heat points are directly related to the heat load. With compact placement, an individual heating point with a load of up to 2 Gcal / h occupies an area of ​​25-30 m 2.
• The possibility of placing this device in the basement of small-sized premises (both in existing and newly built buildings).
• The work process is fully automated.
• Highly qualified personnel are not required to service this thermal equipment.
• ITP (individual heating point) provides indoor comfort and guarantees effective energy saving.
• The ability to set the mode, focusing on the time of day, the use of the weekend and holiday mode, as well as weather compensation.
• Individual production depending on the requirements of the customer.

Thermal energy accounting

The basis of energy saving measures is the metering device. This accounting is required to perform calculations for the amount of consumed thermal energy between the heat supply company and the subscriber. After all, very often the estimated consumption is much higher than the actual one due to the fact that when calculating the load, heat energy suppliers overestimate their values, referring to additional costs. Such situations will be avoided by installing metering devices.

Appointment of metering devices

• Ensuring fair financial settlements between consumers and suppliers of energy resources.
• Documentation of heating system parameters such as pressure, temperature and flow rate.
• Control over the rational use of the energy system.
• Control over the hydraulic and thermal regime of the heat consumption and heat supply system.

The classic scheme of the meter

• Thermal energy counter.
• Pressure gauge.
• Thermometer.
• Thermal converter in the return and supply pipeline.
• Primary flow converter.
• Mesh-magnetic filter.

Service

• Connecting a reader and then taking readings.
• Analysis of errors and finding out the reasons for their occurrence.
• Checking the integrity of seals.
• Analysis of results.
• Checking technological indicators, as well as comparing the readings of thermometers on the supply and return pipelines.
• Adding oil to the sleeves, cleaning the filters, checking the ground contacts.
• Removal of dirt and dust.
• Recommendations for the proper operation of internal heating networks.

Heating substation scheme

The classic ITP scheme includes the following nodes:

• Entering the heating network.
• Metering device.
• Connecting the ventilation system.
• Heating system connection.
• Hot water connection.
• Coordination of pressures between heat consumption and heat supply systems.
• Make-up of heating and ventilation systems connected according to an independent scheme.

When developing a project for a heating point, the obligatory nodes are:

• Metering device.
• Pressure matching.
• Entering the heating network.

Completion with other nodes, as well as their number is selected depending on the design solution.

Consumption systems

The standard scheme of an individual heat point can have the following systems for providing thermal energy to consumers:

• Heating.
• Hot water supply.
• Heating and hot water supply.
• Heating and ventilation.

ITP for heating

ITP (individual heating point) - an independent scheme, with the installation of a plate heat exchanger, which is designed for 100% load. Installation of the double pump compensating losses of level of pressure is provided. The heating system is fed from the return pipeline of the heating networks.

This heating point can be additionally equipped with a hot water supply unit, a metering device, as well as other necessary units and assemblies.

ITP for hot water supply

ITP (individual heating point) - an independent, parallel and single-stage scheme. The package includes two plate-type heat exchangers, each of them is designed for 50% of the load. There is also a group of pumps designed to compensate for pressure drops.

Additionally, the heating point can be equipped with a heating system unit, a metering device and other necessary units and assemblies.

ITP for heating and hot water

In this case, the operation of an individual heating point (ITP) is organized according to an independent scheme. For the heating system, a plate heat exchanger is provided, which is designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, two-stage, with two plate-type heat exchangers. In order to compensate for the decrease in the pressure level, a group of pumps is provided.

The heating system is fed with the help of appropriate pumping equipment from the return pipeline of heating networks. The hot water supply is fed from the cold water supply system.

In addition, ITP (individual heating point) is equipped with a metering device.

ITP for heating, hot water supply and ventilation

The connection of the thermal installation is carried out according to an independent scheme. For the heating and ventilation system, a plate heat exchanger is used, designed for 100% load. The hot water supply scheme is independent, parallel, single-stage, with two plate heat exchangers, each designed for 50% of the load. The pressure drop is compensated by a group of pumps.

The heating system is fed from the return pipe of the heating networks. The hot water supply is fed from the cold water supply system.

Additionally, an individual heating point can be equipped with a metering device.

Principle of operation

The scheme of the heat point directly depends on the characteristics of the source supplying energy to the ITP, as well as on the characteristics of the consumers it serves. The most common for this thermal installation is a closed hot water supply system with the heating system connected according to an independent circuit.

An individual heating point has the following principle of operation:

• Through the supply pipeline, the coolant enters the ITP, gives off heat to the heaters of the heating and hot water supply systems, and also enters the ventilation system.
• Then the coolant is sent to the return pipeline and flows back through the main network for reuse to the heat generating enterprise.
• A certain amount of coolant can be consumed by consumers. To make up for losses at the heat source in CHPs and boiler houses, make-up systems are provided, which use the water treatment systems of these enterprises as a heat source.
• The tap water entering the thermal installation flows through the pumping equipment of the cold water supply system. Then some of its volume is delivered to consumers, the other is heated in the first stage hot water heater, after which it is sent to the hot water circulation circuit.
• Water in the circulation circuit by means of circulation pumping equipment for hot water supply moves in a circle from the heat point to consumers and back. At the same time, as necessary, consumers take water from the circuit.
• As the fluid circulates around the circuit, it gradually releases its own heat. To maintain the temperature of the coolant at an optimal level, it is regularly heated in the second stage of the hot water heater.
• The heating system is also a closed circuit, along which the coolant moves with the help of circulation pumps from the heat point to consumers and back.
• During operation, leakage of coolant from the heating circuit may occur. Compensation for losses is carried out by the ITP make-up system, which uses primary heating networks as a heat source.

Admission to operation

In order to prepare an individual heating point in a house for admission to operation, it is necessary to submit the following list of documents to Energonadzor:

• The current technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their implementation from the energy supply organization.
• Project documentation with all necessary approvals.
• The act of responsibility of the parties for the operation and separation of balance sheet property, drawn up by the consumer and representatives of the energy supply organization.
• The act of readiness for permanent or temporary operation of the subscriber branch of the heating point.
• ITP passport with a brief description of heat supply systems.
• Certificate of readiness for operation of the heat energy meter.
• Certificate of conclusion of an agreement with an energy supply organization for heat supply.
• The act of acceptance of the work performed (indicating the license number and the date of its issue) between the consumer and the installation organization.
• persons for the safe operation and good condition of thermal installations and heating networks.
• List of operational and operational-repair responsible persons for the maintenance of heating networks and thermal installations.
• A copy of the welder's certificate.
• Certificates for used electrodes and pipelines.
• Acts for hidden work, an executive diagram of a heat point indicating the numbering of fittings, as well as diagrams of pipelines and valves.
• Act for flushing and pressure testing of systems (heating networks, heating system and hot water supply system).
• Officials and safety precautions.
• Operating Instructions.
• Certificate of admission to the operation of networks and installations.
• Log book for instrumentation, issuance of work permits, operational, accounting for defects identified during the inspection of installations and networks, testing knowledge, as well as briefings.
• Outfit from heating networks for connection.

Safety precautions and operation

The personnel serving the heating point must have the appropriate qualifications, and the responsible persons should also be familiarized with the operating rules, which are stipulated in This is a mandatory principle of an individual heating point approved for operation.

It is forbidden to put the pumping equipment into operation with the shut-off valves at the inlet blocked and in the absence of water in the system.

During operation it is necessary:

• Monitor the pressure readings on the pressure gauges installed on the supply and return pipelines.
• Observe the absence of extraneous noise, and also prevent excessive vibration.
• Control the heating of the electric motor.

Do not use excessive force when manually operating the valve, and do not disassemble the regulators if there is pressure in the system.

Before starting the heating point, it is necessary to flush the heat consumption system and pipelines.

Below are the requirements of regulatory documents regarding the premises of a heat point. This list of requirements is not exhaustive and will expand over time. The technical requirements for the Premises of the heat point were taken from the regulatory documentation regulating the design, installation and operation of engineering systems of residential and public buildings and may differ from similar rules for objects of other purposes.

DBN V.2.5-39 Heating networks

Clause 16.5 - Chapter 16 Heat points

In the premises of heat points, the location of equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures is allowed.

In heating substations built into residential buildings, only pumps with an acceptable (low) noise level should be installed.

Clause 16.20 - Chapter 16 Heat points

A ladder should be installed in the floor of the heating point, and if gravity drainage of water is not possible, a drainage pit with a size of at least 0.5x0.5x0.8m should be equipped. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

It is allowed to arrange the descent of water not into a pit or ladder of a heating point, but into special containers.

A single drain pump should be used to pump water from a catchment pit to a sewer, downspout, or associated drain.

The pump intended for pumping water from the catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing the heat consumption system.

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Clause 12.3 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

Pumping units that supply water for household, fire-fighting and circulation needs should, as a rule, be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

Clause 12.4 - Chapter 12 Pumping installations

It is not allowed to locate pumping units (except for firemen) directly under residential apartments, children's or group rooms of kindergartens and nurseries, classrooms of secondary schools, hospital premises, workrooms of administrative buildings, auditoriums of educational institutions and other similar premises.

Pumping units with fire-fighting pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing may be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance from non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, fenced off with fire walls (partitions) and ceilings, and have a separate exit to the outside or to the stairwell.

Notes:

• 1. In some cases, in agreement with the local bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service, it is allowed to locate pumping units next to the listed premises, while the total noise level in the premises should not exceed 30 dB.
• 2. Premises with hydropneumatic tanks should be located directly (next to, above, below) with rooms where a large number of people can stay at the same time - 50 people. and more (auditorium, stage, dressing room, etc.) is not allowed. Hydropneumatic tanks are allowed to be located in technical floors. When designing hydropneumatic tanks, the requirements of the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels" of the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor should be taken into account. At the same time, the need to register hydropneumatic tanks is established by paragraphs 6-2-1 and 6-2-2 of these Rules.
• 3. It is not allowed to locate fire-fighting pumping units in buildings where the power supply is interrupted during the absence of maintenance personnel.

SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Clause 10.8 - Chapter 10 Space-planning and design solutions

In case of centralized heat supply of buildings, they must be provided with rooms for individual heat points, which must meet the requirements of the norms for the design of heat networks. To accommodate electronic devices for commercial accounting of heat consumption, it is necessary to provide premises protected from unauthorized access that meet the requirements for the operation of these devices.

According to SP 41-101-95

• 2.8 Individual heating points should be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the first floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.
• 2.9 Central heating points (CHP) should, as a rule, be provided separately. It is recommended to block them with other production facilities.
  It is allowed to provide central heating stations attached to buildings or built into public, administrative or industrial buildings and structures.
• 2.10 When placing heat points equipped with pumps inside residential, public, administrative buildings, as well as in industrial buildings, which are subject to increased requirements for permissible levels of noise and vibration in rooms and workplaces, the requirements of Sec. 10.
• 2.11 Buildings of detached and attached heating points should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.
  free-standing heat points may be provided underground, provided:
  • lack of groundwater in the construction area and sealing of engineering communications inputs to the heat point building, which excludes the possibility of flooding the heat point with sewer, flood and other waters;
  • ensuring gravity drainage of water from the pipelines of the heating point;
  • ensuring automated operation of the equipment of the heating point without permanent attendants with emergency signaling and partial remote control from the control room.
• 2.12 According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points should be classified as category D.
• 2.13 Heating points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises of categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.
• 2.14 When developing space-planning and design solutions for detached and attached buildings of heating points intended for industrial and agricultural enterprises, it is recommended to provide for the possibility of their subsequent expansion.
• 2.15 Heat points built into buildings should be placed at the outer walls of buildings at a distance of no more than 12 m from the exit from these buildings.
• 2.16 From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:
  • if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less and its location is less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside - one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;
  • with the length of the premises of the heating point of 12 m or less and its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one independent exit to the outside;
  • with a heating point room length of more than 12 m - two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second - through a corridor or stairwell.
  • Premises of heat points with a heat carrier with a steam pressure of more than 1.0 MPa must have at least two outlets, regardless of the size of the room.
• 2.17 In underground detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to provide a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall.
• 2.18 Doors and gates from the heat point should be opened from the room or building of the heat point away from you.
• 2.19 It is recommended to use heat point equipment in block design, for which it is necessary:
  • accept water heaters, pumps and other equipment in prefabricated units;
  • accept enlarged mounting blocks of pipelines;
  • to consolidate technologically interconnected equipment into transportable units with pipelines, fittings, instrumentation, electrical equipment and thermal insulation.
• 2.20 The minimum clear distances from building structures to pipelines, equipment, fittings, between the surfaces of heat-insulating structures of adjacent pipelines, as well as the width of passages between building structures and equipment (in the light) should be taken from adj. one.
• 2.21 The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be taken at least, m:
  • for ground central heating stations - 4.2;
  • for underground - 3.6;
  • for ITP - 2.2.

  ITP design

  Requirements for heat points in accordance with SP 41-101-95

  When placing IHS in basements and basements, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, it is allowed to take the height of the premises and free passages to them at least 1.8 m.

• 2.22 In the central heating point, an installation (repair) site should be provided.
  The dimensions of the installation site in the plan should be determined by the dimensions of the largest piece of equipment (except for tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3) or a block of equipment and pipelines supplied for installation in assembled form, with a passage around it of at least 0.7 m.
  For the production of minor repairs of equipment, instruments and fittings, a place should be provided for installing a workbench.
• 2.23 Condensate tanks and storage tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3 should be installed outside the premises of heat points in open areas. At the same time, thermal insulation of tanks, the installation of hydraulic seals built directly into the tank, as well as the installation of fences with a height of at least 1.6 m at a distance of not more than 1.5 m from the surface of the tanks, preventing unauthorized persons from accessing the tanks, should be provided.
• 2.24 For the installation of equipment, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the doors, in ground heating points, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided. At the same time, the dimensions of the mounting opening and the gate must be 0.2 m larger than the dimensions of the largest equipment or piping block.
• 2.25 It is not required to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points.
• 2.26 Inventory hoisting and transport devices should be provided for moving equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment blocks.
  Stationary lifting and transport devices should be provided for:
  • with a mass of transported cargo from 150 kg to 1 t - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or manual single-beam overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 1 to 2 t - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 2 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.

  It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile small-sized lifting and transport vehicles, provided that the entry and movement of vehicles through the heating point is ensured.
  Means of mechanization can be specified by the design organization when developing a project for specific conditions.

• 2.27 For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should, as a rule, be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.
• 2.28 In the premises of heating points, it is necessary to provide for the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning, while it is necessary to perform:
  • plastering of the ground part of brick walls;
  • grouting with cement mortar of the buried part of concrete walls;
  • jointing of panel walls;
  • whitewashing of ceilings;
  • concrete or tiled floors.
  • The walls of heat points are covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.
• 2.29 In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.
  • Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.
  • The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.
• 2.30 For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.
• 2.31 In the premises of heat points it is allowed to place equipment for domestic and drinking and fire-fighting water supply systems of the building, including pumping units, and in the premises of attached and built-in heat points - also equipment for supply ventilation systems serving industrial premises of categories C, D, D for explosion and fire hazard and administrative premises.

According to SNiP 23-03-2003 "PROTECTION FROM NOISE":

• 11.6 To prevent the penetration of increased noise from engineering equipment into other areas of the building, the following should be done:
  • ... to use in ITP floors on an elastic basis (floating floors);
  • apply enclosing structures of rooms with noisy equipment with the required sound insulation.
• 11.7 Floors on an elastic foundation (floating floors) should be made over the entire area of ​​the room in the form of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 60 - 80 mm. As an elastic layer, it is recommended to use fiberglass or mineral wool boards or mats with a density of 50 - 100 kg/m3. With a material density of 50 kg / m3, the total load (weight of the plate and unit) should not exceed 10 kPa, with a density of 100 kg / m3 - 20 kPa;
• 9.13 The floor on the soundproof layer (pads) should not have rigid connections (sound bridges) with the bearing part of the ceiling, walls and other building structures, i.e. must be floating. A wooden floor or a floating concrete floor base (screed) must be separated along the contour from the walls and other building structures by gaps of 1-2 cm wide, filled with soundproofing material or a product, for example, soft fiber board, porous polyethylene moldings, etc. P;

An individual heating point is designed to save heat, regulate supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. It can be used in a private or multi-apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it is arranged and functions, we will consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, purpose

By definition, ITP is a heat point that heats buildings in whole or in part. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating substation, central heating unit or boiler house) and distributes it to consumers:

• GVS (hot water supply);
• heating;
• ventilation.

At the same time, there is the possibility of regulation, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, warehouse is different. The ITP has the following main tasks.

• Accounting for heat consumption.
• Protection from accidents, monitoring of parameters for safety.
• Shutdown of the consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of heat.
• Adjustment of characteristics, management of temperature and other parameters.
• Coolant conversion.

Buildings are retrofitted to install ITPs, which is costly but rewarding. The point is located in a separate technical or basement room, an extension to the house or a separately located nearby building.

Benefits of having an ITP

Significant costs for the establishment of an ITP are allowed due to the advantages that follow from the presence of an item in the building.

• Profitability (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
• Reducing operating costs by up to 60%.
• Heat consumption is monitored and accounted for.
• Mode optimization reduces losses by up to 15%. It takes into account the time of day, weekends, weather.
• Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
• Consumption can be adjusted.
• The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
• Low accident rate, high operational safety.
• Full process automation.
• Noiselessness.
• Compactness, dependence of dimensions on loading. Item can be placed in the basement.
• Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
• Provides comfort.
• The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the ability to influence performance attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period.

Types of TP

The difference between TP is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and arrangement of the complex in the room differs. There are the following types.

• ITP for a single building or part of it, located in the basement, technical room or adjacent building.
• TsTP - the central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. It is located in one of the basements or a separate building.
• BTP - block heat point. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. Features compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for a closed DHW system. The principle of operation of the ITP is as follows.

1. The heat carrier comes to the point through the pipeline, giving the temperature to the heaters for heating, hot water and ventilation.
2. The heat carrier goes to the return pipeline to the heat generating enterprise. Reused, but some may be used up by the consumer.
3. Heat losses are compensated by make-up available in CHP and boiler houses (water treatment).
4. Tap water enters the thermal installation, passing through a pump for cold water supply. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, going to the DHW circuit.
5. The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial flow.
6. The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the fluid loses heat.

The coolant (in this case, water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leakages are possible, which are replenished by make-up from the primary heating network.

circuit diagram

This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is a closed DHW system with independent heating connection. A heat carrier enters the TP through the pipeline, is realized when heating water for the systems and returns. For return, there is a return pipeline going to the main to the central point - the heat generation enterprise.

Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits along which a heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first one is usually designed as a closed cycle with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, which supplies water to the consumer for consumption. In case of heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, the IHS has an independent circuit in which a plate heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, the TP is completed with metering devices, a hot water supply unit in the presence of other necessary units.


The ITP designed for DHW is an independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, metering devices. Other nodes are expected. Such heat points operate according to an independent scheme.

It is interesting! The principle of implementation of district heating for the heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage scheme with two similar devices loaded by 1/2 each. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and feed the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices, loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and make-up is made. Addition - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP of a building or object undergoes a step-by-step procedure during installation. The mere desire of the tenants in an apartment building is not enough.

• Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
• Application to heat supply companies for designing in a particular house, development of technical specifications.
• Issuance of specifications.
• Inspection of a residential or other object for the project, determining the availability and condition of equipment.
• Automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
• The contract is concluded.
• The ITP project for a residential building or other object is being implemented, tests are being carried out.

Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The care is assigned to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.

Operational safety

The automatic heat point is serviced by properly qualified employees. The staff is familiar with the rules. There are also prohibitions: automation does not start if there is no water in the system, pumps do not turn on if the shut-off valves are blocked at the inlet.
Need to control:

• pressure parameters;
• noises;
• vibration level;
• engine heating.

The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Pipelines are flushed before start-up.

Approval for operation

The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires a permit, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are the technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their execution. Need:

• agreed project documentation;
• act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
• act of readiness;
• heat points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
• readiness of the heat energy metering device - document;
• certificate of the existence of an agreement with the energy company to ensure heat supply;
• act of acceptance of work from the company producing the installation;
• Order appointing a person responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
• a list of persons responsible for the maintenance of AITP units and their repair;
• a copy of the document on the qualification of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
• acts on other actions, the executive scheme of the automated heating unit, including pipelines, fittings;
• an act on pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
• briefing.

An admission certificate is drawn up, magazines are started: operational, on briefing, issuing orders, detecting defects.

ITP of an apartment building

An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from the central heating station, boiler houses or CHP (combined heat and power plant) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat point) save up to 40% or more of heat energy.

Attention! The system uses a source - heat networks to which it is connected. The need for coordination with these organizations.

A lot of data is required to calculate the modes, load and savings results for payment in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, ITP will not issue a permit for operation. Residents receive the following benefits.

• Greater accuracy in the operation of devices to maintain temperature.
• Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
• Amounts for services on utility bills are reduced.
• Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
• Reduced repair costs and staffing levels.
• Finances are saved for the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, thermal power plants, central heating stations).

Conclusion: how the savings work

The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit during commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the instruments. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators by energy supply companies, their exact determination. It will be impossible to write off additional costs, leaks, expenses on such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average value with savings of up to 30%.

Automated supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - heating mains. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation unit makes it possible to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback of 2 to 5 years.