Temple of Maxim the Confessor on Varvarka. Temple of Maxim the Confessor (Krasnoturinsk). History and modern life. Photo and description
Churches in a row
On the day of the city’s 870th anniversary, the Zaryadye Park opened on the site of the dismantled Rossiya Hotel, and the churches along Varvarka seemed to have found new life against its backdrop. Freed from the pressure of a massive hotel building and having survived a protracted period of construction, they sparkled with fresh colors and gave a feeling of spaciousness.
1. Church of St. Barbara
At the beginning of Varvarka there is a marvelous temple of the Great Martyr Varvara, which gave its name to the street itself. Presumably it existed in the 14th century a little south of the modern church. In 1514, at the expense of wealthy visiting guests Vasily Bobr and his brothers Theodore Veprem and Yushka Urvikhvost, well-known at that time, a stone building was built under the leadership of the Italian architect Aleviz Fryazin. In 1796–1801, the temple was rebuilt according to the design of Rodion Kazakov.
In 1812, the French used it as a stable, the richest sacristy of the church was plundered, frames and vestments were removed from the icons. The building was badly damaged and was restored in the 1820s. In the 1920s, the church was rebuilt and closed. In 1965–1967 it was restored under the leadership of architect G.A. Makarov bell tower.
Address: st. Varvarka, 2
2. Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed
Blessed Maxim was buried in 1434 on Varvarka near the church, previously consecrated in the name of the noble princes Boris and Gleb. In 1547 he was canonized. At the end of the 17th century, after a fire, a new stone church of St. Maximus the Confessor was erected, the main chapel of which was consecrated in the name of St. Blessed Maximus.
The church was heavily damaged during the fire of Moscow in 1676. The new building, built in 1698–1699, included part of the 1568 temple of the same name. After the fire of 1737, the temple was thoroughly renovated in the Baroque style, unusual for the old Moscow appearance of Kitay-Gorod.
In 1827–1829, instead of the previous belfry, a new two-tier bell tower in the Empire style was erected. It consists of two tiers descending upward with a dome topped with a spire. In the 1930s, the temple was closed, beheaded and destroyed. In 1965–1969 it was restored (architect S.S. Podyapolsky).
Address: st. Varvarka, 4
3. Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign”
The Znamensky Cathedral - the main temple of the former Znamensky Monastery - was built in 1679–1684 by architects F. Grigoriev and G. Anisimov in old Russian traditions on the site of the Church of Athanasius of Athos. During the Patriotic War of 1812, Napoleonic soldiers plundered the monastery, but the cathedral building was not damaged then. During the occupation, it was even allowed to hold services in the lower church. For the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the cathedral was restored.
After 1923, the monastery was closed, its buildings were adapted for housing. By the early 1960s, the farmstead building and stables were demolished, and the remaining buildings were in disrepair. But in connection with the construction of the Rossiya Hotel in 1963–1972, restoration work was carried out, which was continued in the 1980s. For a long time there was a concert hall in the temple building.
Address: st. Varvarka, 8
4. Temple of St. George the Victorious
Built in 1657 (on the foundation of an ancient temple that burned down in 1639), the bell tower and refectory were built in 1818. At the end of the 1920s, the church was closed and used by various institutions. The temple was returned to the Church in 1991.
Address: st. Varvarka, 12
5. Church of the Conception of St. Anna, “what’s in the corner”
One of the oldest churches in the city. The first mention of it dates back to 1493. Closed in the 1920s, transferred to the Church in 1994. The existing building dates back to the mid-16th century. Its current appearance is due to the post-war restoration (architect L.A. David).
The Intercession Cathedral on Red Square houses a 30-pound bell from the bell tower of the Church of the Conception of Anna (demolished during restoration and not restored). It was cast in 1547 in France and acquired in 1610 by the Moscow merchant M.G. Tverdikov. During the Time of Troubles, the bell was taken out of the church, but was later bought and returned by Prince Pozharsky.
Address: Moskvoretskaya embankment, 3
Prepared by Ivan Dmitrov
Published: September, 2017
Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
| Christian temple | |
Church of Maximus the Confessor |
|
Church of Maxim the Confessor, 2009, photo by O.V. Matveev |
|
| A country | Russia |
| Location | Moscow |
| Confession | Orthodoxy |
| Diocese | Moscow |
| Date of foundation | 2nd half of the 14th century |
| Construction | - years |
| Status | Active |
Church of Maximus the Confessor (St. Maximus the Blessed)- Orthodox church in Moscow, in Kitai-Gorod, on Varvarka Street.
Story
The temple bears the name of a famous at the beginning of the 16th century. Moscow Blessed Maxim. He was buried in 1434 on Varvarka near the church, which was formerly called the Church of Boris and Gleb. In 1547, Blessed Maxim was canonized. At the end of the 17th century, after a fire, a new stone church of St. Maximus the Confessor was erected, its main chapel was consecrated in honor of St. Blessed Maximus.
The church was heavily damaged during the fire of Moscow in 1676 and after that it was renovated by Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the mother of Peter I.
The new temple building, built in 1698-1699 with the money of merchants M. Sharovnikov from Kostroma and M. Verkhovitinov from Moscow, included part of the temple of the same name built in 1568.
In the 1930s, the temple was closed by the Soviet authorities, beheaded and destroyed. In 1965-1969 restored (architect S.S. Podyapolsky). Since 1970, it has been under the jurisdiction of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation.
Divine services resumed after 1994 and are held on holidays.
Photos
VarvarkaStreet.jpg
Varvarka Street, modern view. In the foreground is the Temple of Maximus the Confessor.
Zerkov Maxima Ispovednika2.jpg
Temple of Maxim the Confessor in Moscow on Varvarka, 1882
Moscow 09-13 img12 Varvarka.jpg
Dome of the Temple of Maximus the Confessor (in the middle)
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Notes
Literature
Naydenov N. A. Moscow. Cathedrals, monasteries and churches. Part I: The Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod. M., 1883, N 28
Links
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Excerpt characterizing the Church of Maximus the Confessor (Moscow)
Both the Countess and Sonya understood that Moscow, the fire of Moscow, whatever it was, of course, could not matter to Natasha.The Count again went behind the partition and lay down. The Countess approached Natasha, touched her head with her inverted hand, as she did when her daughter was sick, then touched her forehead with her lips, as if to find out if there was a fever, and kissed her.
-You're cold. You're shaking all over. You should go to bed,” she said.
- Go to bed? Yes, okay, I'll go to bed. “I’ll go to bed now,” Natasha said.
Since Natasha was told this morning that Prince Andrei was seriously wounded and was going with them, only in the first minute she asked a lot about where? How? Is he dangerously injured? and is she allowed to see him? But after she was told that she could not see him, that he was seriously wounded, but that his life was not in danger, she, obviously, did not believe what she was told, but was convinced that no matter how much she said, she would be answer the same thing, stopped asking and talking. All the way, with big eyes, which the countess knew so well and whose expression the countess was so afraid of, Natasha sat motionless in the corner of the carriage and now sat in the same way on the bench on which she sat down. She was thinking about something, something she was deciding or had already decided in her mind now - the countess knew this, but what it was, she did not know, and this frightened and tormented her.
- Natasha, undress, my dear, lie down on my bed. (Only the countess alone had a bed made on the bed; m me Schoss and both young ladies had to sleep on the floor on the hay.)
“No, mom, I’ll lie here on the floor,” Natasha said angrily, went to the window and opened it. The adjutant’s groan from the open window was heard more clearly. She stuck her head out into the damp air of the night, and the countess saw how her thin shoulders were shaking with sobs and beating against the frame. Natasha knew that it was not Prince Andrei who was moaning. She knew that Prince Andrei was lying in the same connection where they were, in another hut across the hallway; but this terrible incessant groan made her sob. The Countess exchanged glances with Sonya.
“Lie down, my dear, lie down, my friend,” said the countess, lightly touching Natasha’s shoulder with her hand. - Well, go to bed.
“Oh, yes... I’ll go to bed now,” said Natasha, hastily undressing and tearing off the strings of her skirts. Having taken off her dress and put on a jacket, she tucked her legs in, sat down on the bed prepared on the floor and, throwing her short thin braid over her shoulder, began to braid it. Thin, long, familiar fingers quickly, deftly took apart, braided, and tied the braid. Natasha's head turned with a habitual gesture, first in one direction, then in the other, but her eyes, feverishly open, looked straight and motionless. When the night suit was finished, Natasha quietly sank down onto the sheet laid on the hay on the edge of the door.
“Natasha, lie down in the middle,” said Sonya.
“No, I’m here,” Natasha said. “Go to bed,” she added with annoyance. And she buried her face in the pillow.
The Countess, m me Schoss and Sonya hastily undressed and lay down. One lamp remained in the room. But in the yard it was getting brighter from the fire of Malye Mytishchi, two miles away, and the drunken cries of the people were buzzing in the tavern, which Mamon’s Cossacks had smashed, on the crossroads, on the street, and the incessant groan of the adjutant was heard.
Natasha listened for a long time to the internal and external sounds coming to her, and did not move. She heard first the prayer and sighs of her mother, the cracking of her bed under her, the familiar whistling snoring of m me Schoss, the quiet breathing of Sonya. Then the Countess called out to Natasha. Natasha did not answer her.
“He seems to be sleeping, mom,” Sonya answered quietly. The Countess, after being silent for a while, called out again, but no one answered her.
Soon after this, Natasha heard her mother's even breathing. Natasha did not move, despite the fact that her small bare foot, having escaped from under the blanket, was chilly on the bare floor.
As if celebrating victory over everyone, a cricket screamed in the crack. The rooster crowed far away, and loved ones responded. The screams died down in the tavern, only the same adjutant’s stand could be heard. Natasha stood up.
- Sonya? are you sleeping? Mother? – she whispered. No one answered. Natasha slowly and carefully stood up, crossed herself and stepped carefully with her narrow and flexible bare foot onto the dirty, cold floor. The floorboard creaked. She, quickly moving her feet, ran a few steps like a kitten and grabbed the cold door bracket. Kitai-gorod became a real Moscow phenomenon, where rapid trade was combined with the creation of a huge number of temples. It is believed that Varvarka Street got its name from the Church of the Great Martyr Varvara, who has been revered since ancient times as the patroness of trade. (Previously, the street was called All Saints, after the Church of All Saints on Kulishki, erected by the blessed Prince Dimitry Donskoy in memory of the Russian soldiers who fell on the Kulikovo Field.) Here, at the very walls of the Kremlin, the main Moscow trading center was located. Nearby, at the present Moskvoretsky Bridge, there was a river pier, which facilitated trade. Since ancient times, merchants and artisans traded in the suburbs near the Kremlin, and the wealthiest immediately started their own yards. Among them were guests from Surodzhan, who, without exaggeration, can be called the main merchants of ancient Moscow.
Their name comes from the Crimean city of Sugdeya, which in Rus' was called Surozh. Nowadays this is the wonderful city of Sudak, famous for its unique vineyards and which has become the birthplace of Russian champagne. And in those distant times it was a Byzantine colony, which in the middle of the 14th century was captured by the Genoese and turned into a rich trading point, which became the center of world trade routes where Europe, the East and Rus' traded. These traders, both their own, Russian and foreign, were called Surozhans by Muscovites. Through Surozh they traded with Byzantium, with Italy, with the Ottoman Empire, so even the Black Sea was at one time called the Surozh Sea. Furs, wool, salt, honey, wax were brought from Rus' to Surozh, and from there spices, incense, expensive wine, oriental carpets, silk, precious stones, bronze, ivory and walrus ivory were brought in caravans. In a word, the most elite goods for the Moscow nobility.
In Moscow, the people of Surozh are mentioned in 1356, when they visited the Mother See for the first time. At the same time, Genoese traders brought grape alcohol from Surozh, introducing Muscovites to it for the first time, and soon trade in alcohol became the most profitable source of income for Surozh residents, until the Russians learned to make “bread wine” on their own from their national grain - rye.
The residents of Surozh took root in Moscow immediately. Experienced, skillful, wealthy, who had seen the world and knew languages, they could provide both financial and diplomatic services to the Grand Duke. It is known that Dimitry Donskoy took the Surozhans on a campaign to the Kulikovo field as guides, for they knew the southern roads well, as translators and diplomats - in case of negotiations, and as witnesses - “no matter what God arranges, they will tell in distant countries how noble merchants." Then the residents of Surozh took part in the defense of Moscow from the invasion of Khan Tokhtamysh. Then they helped Vasily II in his struggle for the Moscow throne, and Ivan III sent Surozhans on ships against the Kazan Khanate in 1469. Surozhan residents also provided financial assistance in church construction. The stone Spassky Cathedral of the Andronikov Monastery was built at the expense of Surozhan Ermola, who was the grandfather of the famous architect Vasily Ermolin, the first Russian architect whose name has been preserved by history. His competitors - the Surozhans Khovrins, the ancestors of the Golovins, who were treasurers of the Moscow Grand Duke - built the Simonov and Holy Cross monasteries. The poet Fyodor Tyutchev came from Surozhan. Participating in embassies as trade representatives, fully helping the Grand Duke, they achieved various privileges for themselves. And the first types of rewards were grants of land, possessions, houses, coveted boyar titles and government posts. The residents of Surozh had their own “severe” row at the market, where they traded in precious stones and silk. They settled in the best places, having the opportunity to place their home next to the market. Some of the Surozh residents settled in Lubyanka, where they built themselves a patronal church of St. John Chrysostom, the future cathedral church of the Chrysostom Monastery, which now left only a name for the local Chrysostom lanes. The main center of residence of the Surozhans became Kitay-Gorod - the place where they settled was called Krymok. In the second half of the 14th century, a rich estate of Surozhans with a wooden house church in the name of Boris and Gleb appeared on Varvarka. Saint Maximus the Blessed often prayed at this church.
Holy place
Miracles were performed at the saint's grave. In 1506, a lame man was healed here, and then many more Muscovites found help. It happened that Maxim the Blessed appeared to people in a dream and healed them or warned them of dangers. And in August 1547, his incorruptible relics were found. In the same year, the Moscow Church Council canonized him and decided to “celebrate in Moscow the new wonderworker Maxim, the holy fool for Christ’s sake.” The day of his memory has become a holiday in Moscow, for Maxim the Blessed is revered as its special patron. It was believed that the prayer to him - “Holy Blessed Maxim, pray to God for us” - helps to protect ourselves from misfortune, especially if it is piously offered to the miracle worker in the temple dedicated to him and on the days of his holidays: on the day of remembrance (November 11/24) and on the day of discovery of relics (August 13/26). It was Saint Maxim who was depicted on the famous icon together with St. Basil, as well as on the Moscow Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, which was located on the Barbarian Tower of the Chinese City Wall and became famous for healing the sick during the plague epidemic of 1771. Here he is depicted in the host of great saints and saints of Moscow coming to the Mother of God.
The main prayer was offered to him in the Boris and Gleb Church on Varvarka - it was here that Muscovites flocked to bow to the saint and ask him for help. Until the mid-16th century, the history of the temple itself is rather vague. It is known that after 1434, in memory of the great ascetic of Christ, a chapel was built here in the name of his heavenly patron, Saint Maximus the Confessor. The main temple still stood in wood, but in the 16th century it was rebuilt in stone just north of the old Boris and Gleb Church.
There are several versions of scientists on this matter. The first says that the construction of the chapel entailed the construction of a stone temple, and that this happened at the beginning of the 16th century, when the Sourozh merchant-guest Vasily Bobr and his brethren, who had a courtyard here, donated funds for it. At the same time, these merchants contributed a large sum for the construction of the neighboring stone church of St. Barbara. (There is an opinion, not shared by all scientists, that Vasily Bobr owned the famous chambers of the English court on Varvarka, which were passed on to his descendant Ivan Bobrishchev. Ivan the Terrible gave these chambers to the English merchants.) By that time, the richest merchants who they traded the most expensive, elite goods, and merchants engaged in wholesale foreign trade were called “guests.” Trade directly with Surozh has long died out, and the Surozh residents in their former meaning as a trading corporation have disappeared. Their patronal church on Lubyanka fell into disrepair and was turned into a monastery by Ivan III. The church on Varvarka was built in stone, with a large basement, where goods were safely stored from fire and from thieves. And now it was consecrated in the name of Maxim the Confessor, and the Borisoglebsky chapel was built there.
According to the second version, the stone church of Maxim the Confessor appeared after 1547, that is, after the discovery of the relics of Maxim the Blessed.
Supporters of the third version claim that the wooden church of Boris and Gleb burned down only in 1568, and then a new stone one was built, consecrated in the name of Maxim the Confessor, “on the Barbarian sacrum.” One way or another, it is reliably known that in 1568 there was already a stone church with a main altar in the name of Maxim the Confessor and a chapel of Boris and Gleb. So it stood for more than a century, until Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina took part in its fate. It is traditionally believed that the stone church burned down in 1676 and Natalia Kirillovna ordered it to be renovated at her cost in memory of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who died in January of the same year. The famous Moscow scholar Sergei Romanyuk points out that the renovation of the temple took place earlier, namely in 1672, the year after the wedding of the Quiet Sovereign with Naryshkina. Those who share this version believe that the reconstruction of the Maximovsky Temple was the first major order of the new queen.
However, the last point in the history of its construction was set at the very end of the 17th century after the death of Natalia Kirillovna. In 1698, two wealthy merchant-guests Maxim Sharovnikov from Kostroma and Maxim Verkhovitinov from Moscow, in honor of their heavenly patrons, built a new stone church on Varvarka, which has survived to this day with a main altar in the name of St. Maxim the Blessed and with a southern aisle in the name of St. Maxim the Confessor – that’s why the temple has two names. The main thing is that when the old church was dismantled, the relics of the blessed one, which had been sleeping under a bushel, were rediscovered. During construction they were placed in another temple, and then they were transferred back and reverently placed in a silver shrine under a canopy.
There is a version that the temple builders imitated the Filatiev merchants and their temple of St. Nicholas the Great Cross. In the new temple, a huge basement was also built - a notable feature of Chinese city trading temples - for storing goods and property of ordinary Muscovites, primarily parishioners, in case of fire or war. But in the notorious Trinity Fire of 1737, which destroyed half of central Moscow and the Kremlin Tsar Bell, the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed also burned down. It was restored in the Baroque style, unusual for the old Moscow appearance of Kitay-Gorod. But in 1812, both the temple and its parish heroically survived. He was one of the few who acted even on the most menacing autumn days, when Napoleon’s army was rampaging in Moscow. Priest Ignatius Ivanov did not leave his church and parishioners, continuing to perform divine services, for which, after the victory, at the request of the Governor General of Moscow, Count F.F. Rostopchina was awarded the pectoral cross. The fact that services were held in the temple indicates that it was not badly damaged - it was impossible to hold services in desecrated or dilapidated churches. And yet he needed updates. And in 1827, a new empire-style bell tower with a spire - either St. Petersburg or Moscow - appeared. Now it has become the main “Leaning Tower of Pisa” in Moscow, because it has noticeably deviated from its central axis.
In this temple, believers again received help from Blessed Maxim, whose relics rested here until the revolution. Tradition says that in the 1860s, an old man appeared in a dream to a merchant widow and told her to pray to Saint Maxim of Moscow, because she was in danger of trouble. In the morning, the woman immediately went to the temple on Varvarka, prayed and ordered a prayer service. In the evening she was suddenly overcome by insomnia, she could not fall asleep and thanks to this she managed to see a fire start in the house. So the woman managed not only to wake up the household, but also to save the house and property from the fire.
The most famous parishioners of the Maximovsky Church were the famous “vodka kings” the Smirnovs, who, even before Mendeleev’s recipe, produced high-quality Russian vodka. Their path was typical of many famous merchant families, such as the Abrikosovs or Ryabushinskys. The Smirnovs were originally from the Yaroslavl serf peasants Alekseevs, and at first they were engaged in “fermentation” (that is, aging and final production) of Kizlyar wines. In 1820, the Alekseev brothers settled in Moscow, but only in 1840, already having their own business, they managed to buy themselves out of the fortress and received permission to take the Smirnov surname. Ivan Alekseevich Smirnov became the head of the family business. He bought a Rensk cellar (a small shop for selling foreign grape wines) on Varvarka, which is why he received the nickname “Smirnov from Varvarka”. And in 1857 he bought a house in Kitai-Gorod on the corner of Ipatievsky and Gruzinsky lanes and became a parishioner of the Maximov Church. His best, “Smirnovsky” vodka was called “Varvarka”. Good vodka in Russia was not only a rarity and a sign of quality, but also a certain merit of the winemaker, because unscrupulous traders and tax farmers fed the people poison.
Ivan Alekseevich himself served for more than 20 years as the headman of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin, and this was the highest honor for a merchant, testifying to his trading status. His right hand was his son Sergei Ivanovich Smirnov, who not only helped his father in matters related to the maintenance of the Assumption Cathedral, but for 23 years he himself was the ktitor of his parish church of St. Maxim the Blessed and repaired it more than once. And the most important “vodka maker” Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov, Ivan Alekseevich’s nephew, also followed the family tradition: he was the headman and psalm-reader of two Kremlin churches - the Annunciation Cathedral and the Verkhospassky Church at the Terem Palace. The revolution put an end to this tradition.
Fight for life
After the revolution, the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed not only did not close for a long time, but also managed to write another page in its history. At the end of the 1920s, the regent in this church was the young monk Platon (Izvekov) - the future His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Pimen. Once, at an all-night vigil on the eve of the patronal feast of 1926, the artist Pavel Korin saw him in this church and made a portrait sketch of him for his epic painting “Departing Rus'.”
These were indeed the farewell years of the temple, which miraculously did not perish in the dark time of Russian history. In the 1930s it was closed, beheaded and ruined. According to the Stalinist reconstruction plan, it was subject to demolition, like all the houses standing on the right southern side of “Razin Street” - Varvarka was named by this revolutionary name because in 1671 a famous rebel was taken along it to execution. The street itself was subject to an original straightening into a slender line on two levels: on the site of the destroyed houses, it was planned to build the second half of the street at a lower level, which would be connected to the first with stairs and ramps. These changes were associated with the construction of the eighth Stalinist high-rise building, which was erected in Zaryadye for Beria’s department. As Muscovites whispered, “as a reward” for “merits,” although in Sytin’s guidebook this skyscraper was vaguely called an “administrative building.” Meanwhile, it was supposed to be the tallest skyscraper at 37 floors: its northern façade would face Varvarka, so its design was taken care of at the expense of old Moscow. The most valuable buildings, such as the Church of the Conception of St. Anne and fragments of the Kitaygorod wall with towers, were intended to be moved to Kolomenskoye - to the open-air museum of ancient Russian architecture.
And only the death of Stalin stopped this grandiose plan. After the fall of Beria, the construction of the high-rise building in Zaryadye was stopped and the Rossiya Hotel was built on that site, which did not require additional sacrifices. And although almost all of Zaryadye was demolished, the Maximovsky Church and several other churches on Varvarka survived. Then they were specially restored to preserve the appearance of ancient Moscow on one side of the street, as a contrast to the later Moscow architecture that remained on the opposite side of Varvarka.
Restoration of the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed began in 1965. Under the leadership of architect S.S. Podyapolsky restored the chapters, crowned them with gilded crosses, repaired the building and handed it over to... the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation for holding exhibitions. The exhibition hall was there until recently, when the temple was given to believers by decision of the Moscow City Council.
Services there began only after 1994. The temple, which is part of the Patriarchal Metochion in Kitai-Gorod, is being revived, but it still needs help. At the end of last year, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus', an initiative group was created to raise funds for its restoration.
Anyone who wants to donate to this holy temple can transfer money to the current account:
№ 40703810860140845202
at OAO Promsvyaz Bank in Moscow,
account No. 30101810600000000119
TIN 7705016919
Gearbox 770501001BIK 044583119
Maxim the Blessed was buried in 1434 near this church (it was previously called the Church of Boris and Gleb). And in 1547 Blessed Maxim was canonized. At the same time, at the expense of Vasily Beaver, a stone temple was built in his memory.
The modern building of the Cathedral of St. Maxim the Blessed was built in 1698 at the expense of merchants Maxim Sharovnikov from Kostroma and Maxim Verkhovitinov from Moscow.
What is what in the churchThe main altar of the church was consecrated in the name of St. Maximus the Blessed, and the southern chapel - in the name of St. Maximus the Confessor. Because of this, the temple has two names.
This church is interesting primarily because of its large central volume, covered without additional supports. And when the old temple was dismantled, the relics of St. Maximus the Blessed were found again. During construction, they were kept in another temple, and then moved back and placed in a silver shrine under a canopy.
It is known that the lower floor of the Church of Maximus the Confessor in the 17th-18th centuries was used to store the property of townspeople during fires and disasters.
In 1737, in a fire that destroyed half of the central part of Moscow and the Kremlin, the Cathedral of St. Maximus the Blessed also burned down. It was restored. But in 1812 the temple heroically survived, and the priest Ignatius Ivanov did not leave the temple for a day. For this, after the victory he was awarded the pectoral cross. This fact confirms that the Church of St. Maximus the Blessed was not badly damaged - it was impossible to conduct services in desecrated or dilapidated churches. And in 1827, the temple had a new empire-style bell tower with a spire.
In the 1930s, the Church of Maximus the Confessor was closed, beheaded and destroyed. According to the Stalinist reconstruction plan, it was going to be demolished, like all the houses on the south side of the street.
Guide to Architectural StylesThe Church was saved by Stalin's death. The Mosremchas factory management (warranty watch repair) is located inside the temple building. At the same time, the temple itself had a sloppy and dirty appearance. Only in 1965 the Church of St. Maximus the Blessed was restored. For some time, the temple building was used to promote knowledge about nature and its protection. Now the church is active.
The Church of Maxim the Confessor is an Orthodox church in Moscow, in Kitai-Gorod, on Varvarka Street.
Story
The temple bears the name of a famous at the beginning of the 16th century. Moscow Blessed Maxim. He was buried in 1434 near the church, which was formerly called the Church of Boris and Gleb. In 1547, Blessed Maxim was canonized.
At the end of the 17th century, after a fire, a new stone church of St. Maximus the Confessor was erected, its main boundary was consecrated in honor of St. Blessed Maximus.
Matveev O.V. , CC0 1.0The church was badly damaged during the fire of Moscow in 1676 and after that it was renovated by Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the mother of Peter I.
The new temple building, built in 1698–1699 with the money of merchants M. Sharovnikov from Kostroma and M. Verkhovitinov from Moscow, included part of the temple of the same name built in 1568.
After the fire of 1737, the temple was thoroughly renovated in the Baroque style, unusual for the Old Moscow look.
N.A. Naydenov, Public Domain In 1827–1829 Instead of the previous belfry, a new, two-tier bell tower in the Empire style was erected. It consists of two tiers decreasing upward with a dome topped with a spire.
The temple is pillarless, rectangular in plan, double-height, with a light drum and a bulbous dome above the central altar and a dome above the vaulted, single-pillar refectory. Three-apse ground floor in the 17th–18th centuries. served as a storage place for citizens' property during fires and disasters. Facade with wide window openings and false windows. Central altar with closed vault. The southern aisle is combined with the refectory.
Internal window slopes with corners beveled at the top are a technique rarely found in Russian architecture of the 17th–18th centuries.
Fragments of painting from the 18th–19th centuries have been preserved in the temple and refectory. and two white stone mortgage boards.
At the end of the 1920s. The regent in the temple was the young monk Platon - the future His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Pimen.
In the 1930s, the temple was closed by the Soviet authorities, beheaded and destroyed. In 1965–1969 restored (architect S.S. Podyapolsky). Since 1970, it has been under the jurisdiction of the All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation.
Divine services resumed after 1994 and are held on holidays.
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