Translation of kcal in calories. The difference between calories and kilocalories

The word "calorie" comes from the Latin "calor" - "heat."

Calorie  is an outdated (non-systemic) measure of energy (quantity of heat, work), which used to be widely used in physics, heating engineering, power engineering, and now, for as long as tradition, is used in assessing the energy value (calories) of food products and in some other cases . The International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) insists on the early withdrawal of calories from circulation, but the traditions are still strong and the calorie with its presence continues to irritate scientists. (Calorie originates from the time when science was dominated by the notion of a certain hypothetical substance - calorie.) It was abandoned for a long time, having understood the nature of heat, and the calorie still remains. "Heat" - in Latin calorie.)

In the International System of Units of Physics, another unit of energy, work and quantity of heat is used - joule  (denoted by J). If a force of 1 newton moved the body in the direction of the force at a distance of 1 meter, then it is said that work is done in 1 joule (or, what is the same, energy is spent in the amount of 1 joule). One thousand joules equals one kilojoule: 1000 J = 1 kJ.

A million joules equals one megajoule: 1,000,000 J = 1 MJ.

There are even larger units: gigajoules (billion joules), terajoules (trillion joules), and so on.

All calculations of consumed or generated power of engines, turbines, reactors, generators, heaters are based exactly on joule, but not on calories. For example, the power of the vacuum cleaner or audio speaker is indicated in watts (1 W = 1 J / 1 s).

What is calorie?

1 calorie is the amount of heat required to heat 1 gram of water per 1 degree Celsius at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101 325 Pa.

But you can heat water at a different initial temperature. As it turned out, the amount of heat spent for heating depends on the initial temperature of the water. Thus, when 1 gram of water is heated from a temperature of 14.5 ° C to a temperature of 15.5 ° C, it is necessary to expend 4.1855 J of energy. This unit of calorie is called a 15-degree calorie (denoted cal 15 or cal 15). There is another 20-degree calorie equal to 4.182 J. There are a whole bunch of other calories (international, thermochemical, 4-degree). Their values ​​in joules do not differ much between themselves, but they do differ, which creates difficulties in unifying calculations. The only way out is a total refusal to use calories and a general transition to joule. By the way, on the labels of products energy value is already indicated in parallel in calories and in joules. It remains the law to cancel calories. But this is hampered by the usual inertia of thinking: dieticians and food producers, and consumers do not want to change their habits. Note that calorie is a small amount and therefore it is used a thousand times greater value - kilocalorie, which nutritionists sometimes call "Calorie" with a capital letter or "big calorie", or "food calorie", which introduces even greater confusion.

In practice, the energy value of food was initially measured by burning them in a calorimeter (100 g of product) and measuring the energy released (the same approximately energy is released in the body during digestion). Today we use ready-made tables, which indicate the energy value of certain chemical constituents of the product. It is much easier to determine the amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats in the product, and then make the usual multiplication and addition, according to the following factors:

proteins - 3.8 kcal / g (16 kJ / g),

carbohydrates - 4.1 kcal / g (17 kJ / g),

fats - 9.3 kcal / g (39 kJ / g),

alcohol (ethanol) - 7.1 kcal / g (26 kJ / g),

organic acids - 2.2 kcal / g (9 kJ / g),

polyhydric alcohols - 2.4 kcal / g (10 kJ / g).

Calorie  (cal, cal) - 1 calorie, this is a non-systemic unit of the amount of work and energy equal to the amount of heat necessary to heat 1 gram of water per 1 kelvin at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101 325 Pa. Depending on the accepted reference water temperature, there are several slightly different definitions calories:

1 kalm  = 4.1868 J (1 J? 0.2388459 cal) - international calorie, 1956;
1 kalts  = 4.184 J (1 J = 0.23901 calt) - thermochemical calorie;
1 cal 15 = 4,18580 J (1 J = 0.23890 cal15) - calorie at 15 ° C.
1 kcal  = 1000 cal.
1 kcal  = 1,163 watts per hour.

Previous calorie  widely used to measure energy, work and heat, "caloric value" was the heat of combustion of fuel. Currently, it is used mainly only to assess the energy value ("calorie") of food. Usually the energy value is indicated in kilocalories ("kcal").

The calorie-derived  unit for measuring the amount of thermal energy - gigacalorie  (Gcal) ( 109 calories) is used for evaluation in heat power engineering, heating systems, and municipal services. Also for these purposes the derived unit Gcal / h ( gigacalorie per hour), characterizing the amount of heat produced or used by one or another equipment per unit time. This value is equivalent to the heat output.

Caloric content Nutritious

Substance Kilo-calories per gram Carbohydrates - 4 Proteins - 4 Fats - 9

Calorie or kilocalorie?

Calorie  - unit of energy. However, know that there is a difference between "dietary calorie" and "physical". In physics, "calorie" means gram-calorie (that is, the amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water per 1 degree Celsius).

Dietary calorie  is a kilo-calorie. It is accepted to reduce it as "kcal" or to write with a capital letter: "Calorie". When talking about the energy expenditure during exercise, to simplify dietary calories are often called simply "calories," but it means exactly kcal.

Calorie Energy value

Under caloric content, or energy value, food means the amount of energy that the body receives with its full assimilation. To determine the total energy value of food, it is burned in a calorimeter and the heat released into the surrounding water bath is measured. Similarly, the energy consumption of a person is measured: in a sealed chamber of a calorimeter, the heat released by a person is measured and transferred to "burned" calories  - In this way you can learn the physiological energy value of food.

In a similar way, one can determine the energy expenditure on vital activity and activity for any person. The table on the right reflects the empirical results of these tests, on which the value of the products on their packages is calculated. Artificial fats (margarines) and seafood fats have an efficiency of 4-8.5 kcal / g, so you can roughly find out their share in the total amount of fats.

Energy (caloricity) of food is accumulated in food substances (proteins, fats and carbohydrates).
  It is known that 1 g of fats gives 9 kcal,
   1 g of carbohydrates - 4 kcal,
   and 1 g of proteins - 4 kcal.

The energy balance diagram shows the ratio of these substances in the product based on their contribution to the caloric value of this product. Why do you need this information?

Many popular diets are based on calorie tables and this knowledge. For example, the US Department of Health recommends 60% of calories from carbohydrates and only 30% of fats.

Fruits on the topic of diets: . . . . . . . . .

How to translate kcal into kJ? The packaging of any food product necessarily indicates its energy value, measured in calories or joules. It happens that the energy value is indicated only in joules. To convert this number into calories, you need to remember one simple formula.

How to recalculate kcal in kJ? Detailed instructions.

In calories, energy is measured, as a rule, it is thermal energy. 1 calorie is the unit of energy that is needed to heat one gram of water per degree Celsius. Currently, calorie, as a unit of measurement, is mainly used only in the context of the energy value of food.

In the metric measuring system of calorie equivalents is the joule. More often it is used in work. In the scientific context, the joule is equal to the work that occurs when the point of application of forces corresponding to one newton is moved by a distance of one meter in the direction of the action of the force.

We'll figure it out,   which is 1 kcal, how many kJ in 1 calorie. To translate the joules into calories, remember that one calorie equals 4.2 joules (more precisely, 4,18400 joules). It means,   to translate the kJ into kcal, you need to divide the number of joules by 4.2. Example: 840 joules should be divided into 4.2. As a result, you get 200. That is, 840 joules is 200 cal. It follows that to translate calories into joules, the number of calories should be multiplied by a number of 4.2.

If we talk about kilocalories, then theoretically one kilocalorie is 1000 times more than one calorie. This indicator is the energy spent on heating one kilogram of water per degree Celsius. Typically, the energy value of food is indicated in kcal (kilocalories), but usually they are simply called calories. For this reason, when speaking about calories, we mean kilocalories. A similar situation is observed with joules. By the way , will help correctly and quickly translate kcal into kJ online calculator, which is easy to find on the Internet.

Example:

  During the sports training, you burned 250 kilocalories. After that, you ate a fruit, an energy value of 70 calories and another cake, on whose packaging it was said that its energy value was 756 joules. If you translate all these data into a common measurement system, you will get the following: In sports you burned 250 calories, ate a fruit for 70 calories and a cake for 180 calories (you need 756 divided by 4.2, it turns out 180). As a result, -250 + 70 + 180 is equal to 0. This means that the consumed products were completely compensated by your training, that is, it does not affect your figure in any way.

How to eat properly to lose weight?

In 2009, an article appeared in the publication of a popular English magazine, which reflected the results of research aimed at identifying the best diet. For two years experts compared the effect on the body weight of six different diets (with different compositions of fats, proteins and carbohydrates). A random lot was chosen by 800 people, whose excess weight ranged from 25 to 40 kilograms. It turned out that the following results showed the greatest results:

  Low-fat diet (20 percent of energy value) or a diet high in fat (40 percent of kilocalories). Moderate protein intake (15 percent of nutrients) or a diet high in protein (25 percent of kilocalories). High-carbohydrate diet (65 percent of energy value) or a diet with a limited intake of carbohydrates (35 percent of kilocalories).

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When standard atmospheric pressure 101 325 Pa  . Depending on the accepted reference water temperature, there are several slightly different definitions of calories:

1 cal = 4,1868 J  (1 J ≈ 0.2388459 cal) - the international calorie, 1956; 1 calt = 4.184 J (1 J = 0.23901 cal) - thermochemical calorie; 1 cal 15 = 4,18580 J (1 J = 0.23890 cal 15) - calorie at 15 ° C. 1 cal ≈ 2.6132 · 10 19 eV  . 1 kcal = 1000 cal. 1 kcal = 1,163 watts per hour

Previously, calorie was widely used to measure energy, work and heat, "calorie" was called calorific value  fuel. Currently, it is mainly used for estimating of energy value ("Calorie") of food products. Usually the energy value is indicated in kilocalories ("kcal").

The calorie-derived unit for measuring the amount of heat energy - gigacalorie (Gcal)  (10 9 calories) is used for evaluation in heat power engineering, heating systems, and municipal services. The derivative unit is also used for this purpose. Gcal / h  (gigacalorie per hour), characterizing the amount of heat produced or used by this or that equipment per unit time. This value is equivalent to thermal power.

Caloric value

By calorie, or energy value, food means the amount of energy that the body receives with its full assimilation. To determine complete  the energy value of food, it is burned in a calorimeter and the heat released into the surrounding water bath is measured. Similarly, the energy consumption of a person is measured: in a sealed chamber of a calorimeter, the heat released by a person is measured and transferred to "burned" calories - physiological  energy value of food. In a similar way, one can determine the energy expenditure on vital activity and activity for any person. The table on the right reflects the empirical results of these tests, on which the value of the products on their packages is calculated. Artificial fats (margarines) and seafood fats have an efficiency of 4-8.5 kcal / g, so you can roughly find out their share in the total amount of fats.

Etymology

The word itself comes from fr. calorie, which, in turn, derives from lat. calor, meaning "heat". Previously [ when?] the terms "low calorie" (corresponding to modern calorie) and "large calorie" (corresponding to the modern kilocalorie) were also common.

Notes

Literature

• Chemical Encyclopedia ISBN 5-85270-008-8

References

• Recalculation of the amount of work between different units of measurement, including non-system.

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Synonyms:

See what "Calorie" is in other dictionaries:

Thermal unit. Dictionary of foreign words that are part of the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. CALORIUM unit of heat, see KALORIMETR. Dictionary of foreign words that are part of the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

CALORIA, calories, wives. (from Latin calor heat) (fiz.). The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of any amount of water (gram, kilogram) per degree and taken as a unit of thermal measurements. Great calorie. (... ... Explanatory dictionary Ushakov

  - (Calorie) is the unit of quantity of heat. A small calorie (or gram of calorie) is the amount of heat needed to heat one gram of water per degree (namely, from 19.5 ° to 20.5 °). A large calorie is 1000 small K. and in the technique is called ... ... Maritime Dictionary

CALORIA, HEAT unit. One calorie is the amount of heat needed to heat 1 g of water per degree (from 14.5 to 15.5 ° C). In the SI system, instead of calories, one uses JOUL (1 calorie = 4.184 joules). Calories indicated in dietary ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Unit of measurement of energy. One calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat one gram of water per degree Celsius at sea level. Fat and alcohol contain twice as many calories as carbohydrates and protein. (Culinary ... ... The Culinary Dictionary

  - (from Latin calor heat) is an off-system unit of the amount of heat, denoted by feces; 1 cal = 4.1868 J. The thermochemical calorie is 4.1840 J ... Great Encyclopedic Dictionary

  - (from Latin calor heat) (cal, cal), non-system unit of heat count. 1 cal = 4.1868 J; K., used in thermochemistry, was 4.1840 J. Physical encyclopaedic dictionary. Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief AM Prokhorov. 1983 ... Physical encyclopedia

calorie   - and, f. calorie f., German. Kalorie & LT; lat. calor warmly. Unit of measurement of the amount of heat. ALS 1. || The amount of thermal energy reported to the human body when eating. BAS 1. After the war, you will go to work in the institute of food ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

CALORIE   - CALORIA, the amount of heat required to heat 1 ° C of one g of water (small K) or 1 kg (large K). Small K., or gram of calorie, is essentially a non-constant value throughout the thermometric scale and varies with t °; ... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

CALORIA, and, wives. Thermal unit. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Unit for measuring thermal energy, i.e., heat. Distinguish K. large and small amount of heat, needed to heat, respectively 1 kg or 1 g of water per 1 °. Large K. (kcal) is equal to 1,000 small K (cal) and is equivalent to 427 kg of mehan. work ... ... Technical Railway Dictionary

Technically, one calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat one gram of water by 1 ºC. In one kilocalorie (kcal) - 1 000 calories, and speech in this case is not about gram, but about a kilogram.

What does the food have to do with it? The proteins, fats and carbohydrates, of which it consists, contain energy. Just this energy is measured in calories.

2. Calories allow us to survive, create new tissues and give energy for movement

Every time you eat, your body parses incoming energy for a variety of purposes. First of all, it is used to maintain vital functions, such as adjusting breathing and pumping blood.

The necessary minimum of energy for survival is called the basal metabolism index. Its value for adult women with a normal weight is about 1 330 kcal, for adult men with a normal weight - about 1,680 kcal Human energy requirements .

The remaining calories and nutrients go to the construction and restoration of tissues. That's why with burns prescribed a high-calorie diet. To create, too, requires energy: the new tissue itself will not build itself.

Any additional calories are consumed during physical activity. And any movement is considered. But if you do not burn the residue, it will be stored as fat.

Finally, there is also digestion: 10-15% of the incoming calories are spent on this process.

3. Your body may not require 2,000 kcal per day

4. The number and quality of calories are equally important

Lose weight can also be on sweets, if there are few of them, as one American professor Twinkie diet helps nutrition professor lose 27 pounds . But the number of calories is only one side of the coin. The nutrients contained in food also have significance.

Suppose you decide to have a snack. Low-fat biscuits, in which only 100 kcal, is not the best choice, because it has few nutrients and a lot of sugar. More benefit will be brought peanut butter from 190 kcal: it has less sugar, more protein and vitamins.

5. There is no product with negative calorie content

There is an opinion that some fruits and vegetables are so low-calorie that their digestion requires more energy than they can give. False. As already mentioned, the body spends 10-15% of the incoming calories for food processing. So all the rest, albeit in a small amount, remain with you.

6. Calories from carbohydrates are not universal evil

Some diets are built on a limited intake of carbohydrates. But the weight increases not because of them, but because of the excess of calories. So you can type extra pounds on the chicken breast, if you absorb it without measure.

In general, carbohydrates to carbohydrates are different. Harmful like candy and soda deprived of nutrients. Useful, such as whole grains and fruits, on the contrary, are rich in nutrients and fiber.

7. Rule 3 500 kcal is not true

In nutrition, the statement is widely spread that 3,500 kcal are equal to 0.5 kg (that is, if you consume 500 kcal less during a week, you will lose half a kilogram). Such figures first appeared in 1958, but now they are already outdated Farewell to the 3,500-Calorie Rule .

The bottom line is that weight loss is individual and depends on metabolism and other factors. So 3,500 kcal, as well as the consumption rate, can be considered only an approximate average.

8. Calorie count does not work for everyone

Obsession with calories can damage your health. Say, in the event that you prefer to take pretzels instead of almonds just because of their lower calorie content.

On the other hand, it really helps to maintain a normal weight. True, not all.

In general, the advice is simple: if you live with a calculator better and better, continue; if not, then stop harassing yourself.