room, etc. requirements. Individual heating point (ITP): scheme, principle of operation, operation. Documents for Energy Supervision

An individual heating point is designed to save heat, regulate supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. It can be used in a private or multi-apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it is arranged and functions, we will consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, purpose

By definition, ITP is a heat point that heats buildings in whole or in part. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating substation, central heating unit or boiler house) and distributes it to consumers:

• GVS (hot water supply);
• heating;
• ventilation.

At the same time, there is the possibility of regulation, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, warehouse is different. The ITP has the following main tasks.

• Accounting for heat consumption.
• Protection from accidents, monitoring of parameters for safety.
• Shutdown of the consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of heat.
• Adjustment of characteristics, management of temperature and other parameters.
• Coolant conversion.

Buildings are retrofitted to install ITPs, which is costly but rewarding. The point is located in a separate technical or basement room, an extension to the house or a separately located nearby building.

Benefits of having an ITP

Significant costs for the establishment of an ITP are allowed due to the advantages that follow from the presence of an item in the building.

• Profitability (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
• Reducing operating costs by up to 60%.
• Heat consumption is monitored and accounted for.
• Mode optimization reduces losses by up to 15%. It takes into account the time of day, weekends, weather.
• Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
• Consumption can be adjusted.
• The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
• Low accident rate, high operational safety.
• Full process automation.
• Noiselessness.
• Compactness, dependence of dimensions on loading. Item can be placed in the basement.
• Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
• Provides comfort.
• The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the ability to influence performance attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period.

Types of TP

The difference between TP is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and arrangement of the complex in the room differs. There are the following types.

• ITP for a single building or part of it, located in the basement, technical room or adjacent building.
• TsTP - the central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. It is located in one of the basements or a separate building.
• BTP - block heat point. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. Features compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for a closed DHW system. The principle of operation of the ITP is as follows.

1. The heat carrier comes to the point through the pipeline, giving the temperature to the heaters for heating, hot water and ventilation.
2. The heat carrier goes to the return pipeline to the heat generating enterprise. Reused, but some may be used up by the consumer.
3. Heat losses are compensated by make-up available in CHP and boiler houses (water treatment).
4. Tap water enters the thermal installation, passing through a pump for cold water supply. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, going to the DHW circuit.
5. The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial flow.
6. The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the fluid loses heat.

The coolant (in this case, water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leakages are possible, which are replenished by make-up from the primary heating network.

circuit diagram

This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is a closed DHW system with independent heating connection. A heat carrier enters the TP through the pipeline, is realized when heating water for the systems and returns. For return, there is a return pipeline going to the main to the central point - the heat generation enterprise.

Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits along which a heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first one is usually designed as a closed cycle with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, which supplies water to the consumer for consumption. In case of heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, the IHS has an independent circuit in which a plate heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, the TP is completed with metering devices, a hot water supply unit in the presence of other necessary units.


The ITP designed for DHW is an independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, metering devices. Other nodes are expected. Such heat points operate according to an independent scheme.

It is interesting! The principle of implementation of district heating for the heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage scheme with two similar devices loaded by 1/2 each. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and feed the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices, loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and make-up is made. Addition - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP of a building or object undergoes a step-by-step procedure during installation. The mere desire of the tenants in an apartment building is not enough.

• Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
• Application to heat supply companies for designing in a particular house, development of technical specifications.
• Issuance of specifications.
• Inspection of a residential or other object for the project, determining the availability and condition of equipment.
• Automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
• The contract is concluded.
• The ITP project for a residential building or other object is being implemented, tests are being carried out.

Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The care is assigned to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.

Operational safety

The automatic heat point is serviced by properly qualified employees. The staff is familiar with the rules. There are also prohibitions: automation does not start if there is no water in the system, pumps do not turn on if the shut-off valves are blocked at the inlet.
Need to control:

• pressure parameters;
• noises;
• vibration level;
• engine heating.

The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Pipelines are flushed before start-up.

Approval for operation

The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires a permit, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are the technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their execution. Need:

• agreed project documentation;
• act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
• act of readiness;
• heat points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
• readiness of the heat energy metering device - document;
• certificate of the existence of an agreement with the energy company to ensure heat supply;
• act of acceptance of work from the company producing the installation;
• Order appointing a person responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
• a list of persons responsible for the maintenance of AITP units and their repair;
• a copy of the document on the qualification of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
• acts on other actions, the executive scheme of the automated heating unit, including pipelines, fittings;
• an act on pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
• briefing.

An admission certificate is drawn up, magazines are started: operational, on briefing, issuing orders, detecting defects.

ITP of an apartment building

An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from the central heating station, boiler houses or CHP (combined heat and power plant) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat point) save up to 40% or more of heat energy.

Attention! The system uses a source - heat networks to which it is connected. The need for coordination with these organizations.

A lot of data is required to calculate the modes, load and savings results for payment in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, ITP will not issue a permit for operation. Residents receive the following benefits.

• Greater accuracy in the operation of devices to maintain temperature.
• Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
• Amounts for services on utility bills are reduced.
• Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
• Reduced repair costs and staffing levels.
• Finances are saved for the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, thermal power plants, central heating stations).

Conclusion: how the savings work

The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit during commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the instruments. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators by energy supply companies, their exact determination. It will be impossible to write off additional costs, leaks, expenses on such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average value with savings of up to 30%.

Automated supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - heating mains. Installation of a modern heating and ventilation unit makes it possible to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback of 2 to 5 years.

According to SP 41-101-95

• 2.8 Individual heating points should be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the first floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.
• 2.9 Central heating points (CHP) should, as a rule, be provided separately. It is recommended to block them with other production facilities.
  It is allowed to provide central heating stations attached to buildings or built into public, administrative, household or industrial buildings and structures.
• 2.10 When placing heat points equipped with pumps inside residential, public, administrative buildings, as well as in industrial buildings, which are subject to increased requirements for permissible levels of noise and vibration in rooms and workplaces, the requirements of Sec. 10.
• 2.11 Buildings of detached and attached heating points should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.
  free-standing heat points may be provided underground, provided:
  • lack of groundwater in the construction area and sealing of engineering communications inputs to the heat point building, which excludes the possibility of flooding the heat point with sewer, flood and other waters;
  • ensuring gravity drainage of water from the pipelines of the heating point;
  • ensuring automated operation of the equipment of the heating point without permanent attendants with emergency signaling and partial remote control from the control room.
• 2.12 According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points should be classified as category D.
• 2.13 Heating points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises of categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.
• 2.14 When developing space-planning and design solutions for detached and attached buildings of heating points intended for industrial and agricultural enterprises, it is recommended to provide for the possibility of their subsequent expansion.
• 2.15 Heat points built into buildings should be placed at the outer walls of buildings at a distance of no more than 12 m from the exit from these buildings.
• 2.16 From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:
  • if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less and its location is less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside - one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;
  • with the length of the premises of the heating point of 12 m or less and its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one independent exit to the outside;
  • with a heating point room length of more than 12 m - two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second - through a corridor or stairwell.
  • Premises of heat points with a heat carrier with a steam pressure of more than 1.0 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the size of the room.
• 2.17 In underground detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to provide a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall.
• 2.18 Doors and gates from the heat point should be opened from the room or building of the heat point away from you.
• 2.19 It is recommended to use heat point equipment in block design, for which it is necessary:
  • accept water heaters, pumps and other equipment in prefabricated units;
  • accept enlarged mounting blocks of pipelines;
  • to consolidate technologically interconnected equipment into transportable units with pipelines, fittings, instrumentation, electrical equipment and thermal insulation.
• 2.20 The minimum clear distances from building structures to pipelines, equipment, fittings, between the surfaces of heat-insulating structures of adjacent pipelines, as well as the width of passages between building structures and equipment (in the light) should be taken from adj. one.
• 2.21 The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be taken at least, m:
  • for ground central heating stations - 4.2;
  • for underground - 3.6;
  • for ITP - 2.2.

  ITP design

  Requirements for heat points in accordance with SP 41-101-95

  When placing IHS in basements and basements, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, it is allowed to take the height of the premises and free passages to them at least 1.8 m.

• 2.22 In the central heating point, an installation (repair) site should be provided.
  The dimensions of the installation site in the plan should be determined by the dimensions of the largest piece of equipment (except for tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3) or a block of equipment and pipelines supplied for installation in assembled form, with a passage around it of at least 0.7 m.
  For the production of minor repairs of equipment, instruments and fittings, a place should be provided for installing a workbench.
• 2.23 Condensate tanks and storage tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3 should be installed outside the premises of heat points in open areas. At the same time, thermal insulation of tanks, the installation of hydraulic seals built directly into the tank, as well as the installation of fences with a height of at least 1.6 m at a distance of not more than 1.5 m from the surface of the tanks, preventing unauthorized persons from accessing the tanks, should be provided.
• 2.24 For the installation of equipment, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the doors, in ground heating points, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided. At the same time, the dimensions of the mounting opening and the gate must be 0.2 m larger than the dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
• 2.25 It is not required to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points.
• 2.26 Inventory lifting and transport devices should be provided for moving equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment blocks.
  Stationary lifting and transport devices should be provided for:
  • with a mass of transported cargo from 150 kg to 1 t - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or manual single-beam overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 1 to 2 t - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 2 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.

  It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile small-sized lifting and transport vehicles, provided that the entry and movement of vehicles through the heating point is ensured.
  Means of mechanization can be specified by the design organization when developing a project for specific conditions.

• 2.27 For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should, as a rule, be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.
• 2.28 In the premises of heating points, it is necessary to provide for the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning, while it is necessary to perform:
  • plastering of the ground part of brick walls;
  • grouting with cement mortar of the buried part of concrete walls;
  • jointing of panel walls;
  • whitewashing of ceilings;
  • concrete or tiled floors.
  • The walls of heating points are covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.
• 2.29 In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.
  • Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.
  • The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.
• 2.30 For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.
• 2.31 In the premises of heat points it is allowed to place equipment of systems for domestic drinking and fire-fighting water supply of the building, including pumping units, and in the premises of attached and built-in heat points - also equipment for supply ventilation systems serving industrial premises of categories C, D, D for explosion and fire hazard and administrative premises.

According to SNiP 23-03-2003 "PROTECTION FROM NOISE":

• 11.6 To prevent the penetration of increased noise from engineering equipment into other areas of the building, the following should be done:
  • ... to use in ITP floors on an elastic basis (floating floors);
  • apply enclosing structures of rooms with noisy equipment with the required sound insulation.
• 11.7 Floors on an elastic foundation (floating floors) should be made over the entire area of ​​the room in the form of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 60 - 80 mm. As an elastic layer, it is recommended to use fiberglass or mineral wool boards or mats with a density of 50 - 100 kg/m3. With a material density of 50 kg / m3, the total load (weight of the plate and unit) should not exceed 10 kPa, with a density of 100 kg / m3 - 20 kPa;
• 9.13 The floor on the soundproof layer (pads) should not have rigid connections (sound bridges) with the bearing part of the ceiling, walls and other building structures, i.e. must be floating. A wooden floor or a floating concrete floor base (screed) must be separated along the contour from the walls and other building structures by gaps of 1-2 cm wide, filled with soundproofing material or a product, for example, soft fiber board, porous polyethylene moldings, etc. P;

SNiP 41-02-2003

14.1 Heat points are subdivided into:
individual heating points (ITP)- for connection of heating, ventilation, hot water supply systems and technological heat-using installations of one building or its part;
central heating points (CHP)- the same, two buildings or more.
14.2 The heating points provide for the placement of equipment, fittings, control, management and automation devices, through which the following are carried out:
conversion of the type of coolant or its parameters; control of coolant parameters;
accounting for thermal loads, coolant and condensate flow rates;
regulation of heat carrier flow and distribution to heat consumption systems (through distribution networks in central heating stations or directly to ITP systems);
protection of local systems from emergency increase in coolant parameters;
filling and make-up of heat consumption systems;
collection, cooling, return of condensate and control of its quality;
heat storage;
water treatment for hot water systems.
In a thermal point, depending on its purpose and local conditions, all of the listed activities or only part of them can be carried out. Devices for monitoring the parameters of the coolant and accounting for heat consumption should be provided in all heating points.
14.3 The input ITP device is mandatory for each building, regardless of the presence of the central heating point, while the ITP provides only those measures that are necessary for connecting this building and are not provided for in the central heating point.
14.4 In closed and open heat supply systems, the need for a central heating station for residential and public buildings must be justified by a feasibility study.
14.5 It is allowed to place equipment of sanitary systems of buildings and structures, including booster pumping units that supply water for household and drinking and fire fighting needs, in the premises of heat points.
14.6 The basic requirements for the placement of pipelines, equipment and fittings in heating points should be adopted according to Appendix B.
14.7 The connection of heat consumers to heat networks in heat points should be provided according to schemes that ensure the minimum water consumption in heat networks, as well as heat savings through the use of heat flow regulators and limiters for the maximum flow of network water, corrective pumps or elevators with automatic control that reduce the temperature water entering the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
14.8 The design water temperature in the supply pipelines after the CHP should be taken:
when connecting heating systems of buildings according to a dependent scheme - equal, as a rule, to the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of heating networks to the central heating station;
with an independent circuit - no more than 30 ° C lower than the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of heat networks to the central heating station, but not higher than 150 ° C and not lower than the calculated temperature adopted in the consumer's system.
Independent pipelines from the central heating station for connecting ventilation systems with an independent connection scheme for heating systems are provided for with a maximum heat load on ventilation of more than 50% of the maximum heat load on heating.
14.9 When calculating the heating surface of water-to-water water heaters for hot water supply and heating systems, the water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be taken equal to the temperature at the break point of the water temperature graph or the minimum water temperature, if there is no break in the temperature graph, and for heating systems - also the temperature water corresponding to the calculated outdoor temperature for heating design. The largest of the obtained values ​​of the heating surface should be taken as the calculated one.
14.10 When calculating the heating surface of hot water supply water heaters, the temperature of the heated water at the outlet from the water heater to the hot water supply system should be assumed to be at least 60 °C.
14.11 For high-speed sectional water-to-water water heaters, a countercurrent scheme of heat carrier flows should be adopted, while heating water from the heating network should flow:
in water heaters of heating systems - in tubes;
the same, hot water supply - in the annulus.
In steam-water water heaters, steam must enter the annulus.
For hot water supply systems with steam heating networks, it is allowed to use capacious water heaters, using them as hot water storage tanks, provided that their capacity corresponds to the one required in the calculation for storage tanks.
In addition to high-speed water heaters, it is possible to use other types of water heaters with high thermal and operational characteristics, small dimensions.
14.12 The minimum number of water-to-water water heaters should be taken:
two, connected in parallel, each of which must be calculated for 100% of the heat load - for heating systems of buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat;
two, designed for 75% of the heat load each, for heating systems of buildings constructed in areas with an estimated outdoor air temperature below minus 40 °C;
one - for other heating systems;
two, connected in parallel in each stage of heating, designed for 50% of the heat load each, - for hot water supply systems.
With a maximum heat load on hot water supply of up to 2 MW, it is allowed to provide one hot water heater in each heating stage, except for buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat to hot water supply.
When installing steam-water heaters in heating, ventilation or hot water supply systems, their number should be at least two, connected in parallel, backup water heaters can be omitted.
For technological installations that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat, backup water heaters should be provided, designed for the heat load in accordance with the operating mode of the technological installations of the enterprise.
14.13 Pipelines should be equipped with fittings with shut-off valves with a nominal bore of 15 mm for air release at the highest points of all pipelines and a nominal bore of at least 25 mm for draining water at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.
It is allowed to carry out devices for draining water not in the pit of the central heating substation, but outside the central heating substation in special chambers.
14.14 Mud collectors should be installed:
in the heating point on the supply pipelines at the input;
on the return pipeline in front of control devices and metering devices for water and heat consumption - no more than one;
in ITP - regardless of their presence in the central heating point;
in thermal units of consumers of the 3rd category - on the supply pipeline at the input.
Before mechanical water meters (vane, turbine), plate heat exchangers and other equipment, filters should be installed along the water flow (at the request of the manufacturer).
14.15 In heating points, it is not allowed to install jumpers between the supply and return pipelines of heating networks, as well as bypass pipelines in addition to pumps (except for booster pumps), elevators, control valves, mud collectors and devices for metering water and heat consumption.
Overflow regulators and steam traps must have bypass piping.
14.16 To protect against internal corrosion and scale formation of pipelines and equipment of centralized hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters, water treatment should be provided, usually carried out in the central heating station. In ITP, only magnetic and silicate water treatment is allowed.
14.17 Treatment of drinking water should not impair its sanitary and hygienic indicators. Reagents and materials used for water treatment, which have direct contact with water entering the hot water supply system, must be allowed by the Gossanepidnadzor of Russia for use in the practice of drinking water supply.
14.18 When installing storage tanks for hot water supply systems in thermal substations with vacuum deaeration, it is necessary to provide for the protection of the inner surface of the tanks from corrosion and the water in them from aeration by using sealing liquids. In the absence of vacuum deaeration, the inner surface of the tanks must be protected from corrosion through the use of protective coatings or cathodic protection. The design of the tank should include a device that prevents the ingress of sealing liquid into the hot water supply system.
14.19 For heating points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange, determined by heat release from pipelines and equipment. The design air temperature in the working area in the cold season should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm season - 5 ° C higher than the outside air temperature according to parameters A. When placing heating points in residential and public buildings, a check calculation of heat gains from heating point in adjacent premises. If the permissible air temperature in these rooms exceeds the permissible air temperature, measures should be taken for additional thermal insulation of the enclosing structures of adjacent rooms.
14.20 A ladder should be installed in the floor of the heating point, and if gravity water drainage is not possible, a drainage pit should be arranged with a size of at least 0.5 - 0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit is covered with a removable grate.
One drainage pump should be provided for pumping water from the catchment pit into the sewerage system, drain or associated drainage. The pump intended for pumping water from the catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing heat consumption systems.
14.21 In heat points, measures should be taken to prevent the excess of noise levels allowed for premises of residential and public buildings. Heat points equipped with pumps are not allowed to be placed adjacently under or above the premises of residential apartments, sleeping and play preschool institutions, sleeping quarters of boarding schools, hotels, hostels, sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses, wards and operating hospitals, premises with a long stay patients, doctors' offices, auditoriums of entertainment enterprises.
14.22 The minimum clear distances from free-standing ground-based central heating stations to the outer walls of the listed premises must be at least 25 m.
In particularly cramped conditions, it is allowed to reduce the distance to 15 m, subject to the adoption of additional measures to reduce noise to an acceptable level according to sanitary standards.
14.23 According to placement on the master plan, heat points are divided into stand-alone, attached to buildings and structures and built into buildings and structures.
14.24 Heat points built into buildings should be placed in separate rooms near the outer walls of buildings.
14.25 Outputs from the heating point should be provided:
if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less - one exit to the adjacent room, corridor or stairwell;
with a heating point room length of more than 12 m - two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second - to an adjacent room, stairwell or corridor.
Premises of thermal points of steam consumers with a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the dimensions of the room.
14.26 It is not required to provide openings for natural lighting of heat points. Doors and gates must be opened from the room or building of the heating point away from you.
14.27 In terms of explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points must comply with category D according to NPB 105.
14.28 Heat points located in the premises of production and storage buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, in residential and public buildings, must be separated from other premises by partitions or fences that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.
14.29 For the installation of equipment, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the doors, in ground heating points, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided.
At the same time, the dimensions of the installation opening and the gate should be 0.2 m larger than the overall dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
14.30 Inventory hoisting and transport devices should be provided for moving equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment blocks.
If it is impossible to use inventory devices, it is allowed to provide stationary lifting and transport devices:
with a mass of transported cargo from 0.1 to 1.0 tons - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or manual single-girder overhead cranes;
the same, more than 1.0 to 2.0 tons - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 2.0 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile lifting and transport vehicles.
14.31 For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile platforms or portable devices (ladders) should be provided. If it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms with a fence and permanent stairs. The dimensions of platforms, stairs and fences should be taken in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23120.
The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the upper floor must be at least 2 m.
14.32 In the central heating station with permanent attendants, a bathroom with a washbasin should be provided.

Annex 2

Typical requirements for premisesfor placement of metering units for thermal energy of consumers

Premises for the placement of metering stations for thermal energy of consumers must comply with the requirements established by the following regulatory documents:

1. JV "Design of heat points" (Introduction date
01.07.1996);

2. Rules for accounting for thermal energy and coolant (approved by order
Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 01.01.2001 No. VK-4936);

3. Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants
(approved by the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia);

4. Rules for the installation of electrical installations;

5. SNiP 2.04.07-86* Heating networks (with Amendments No. 1,2) (approved
Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR dated 01.01.2001 No. 75).

The heat energy metering unit is equipped at a heat point owned by the consumer.

Individual heating points (hereinafter referred to as ITP) must be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.

Buildings of detached and attached ITPs should be provided as one-story, it is allowed to build basements in them to accommodate equipment, collect, cool and pump condensate and sewerage facilities.

Stand-alone ITPs are allowed to be underground, provided:

Absence of groundwater in the area of ​​placement and sealing of inputs
engineering communications to the building of the heating point, excluding
the possibility of flooding the heating point with sewer,
flood and other waters;

Ensuring gravity drainage of water from pipelines of thermal
item;

Ensuring automated operation of thermal equipment
point without permanent service personnel with emergency
alarm and partial remote control with
control room.

According to the explosion and fire hazard, the premises of heat points should be classified as category D.

Heat points are allowed to be placed in industrial premises of categories D and D, as well as in technical basements and undergrounds of residential and public buildings. At the same time, the premises of heat points should be separated from these rooms by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heat point.

In the premises of heat points, the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning should be provided, while the following work should be performed:

Plastering of the ground part of brick walls;

Jointing of panel walls;

Ceiling whitewashing;

Concrete or tiled floors.

The walls of the heating points must be covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.

From the heat points built into buildings, exits should be provided:

a) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside
- one exit to the outside through the corridor or stairwell;

b) if the length of the premises of the heating point is 12 m or less, and
its location at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit from the building - one
independent exit;

c) if the length of the premises of the heating point is more than 12 m - two
exit, one of which should be directly outside, the second -
through a corridor or stairwell.

In underground, detached or attached heat points, it is allowed to place a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heat points located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall

Doors and gates from the substation must be opened from the premises or building of the heat substation away from you.

The size of the doorway of the ITP must ensure the free passage of personnel.

All passages, entrances, exits must be lit, free, safe for movement.

The passage between the equipment, pipelines must ensure free passage of personnel and be at least 0.6 m. Transition platforms must be arranged through pipelines located at or above the floor level.

The height of the premises from the mark of the finished floor to the bottom of the protruding floor structures (in the light) is recommended to be at least 2.2 m.

When placing IHS in the basement and basement rooms, as well as in the technical undergrounds of buildings, the height of the rooms and free passages to them is at least 1.8 m.

For water runoff, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or catchment pit. The minimum dimensions of the catchment pit should be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan, with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

In heating points, open laying of pipes should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of the overlap of which is combined with the level of the finished floor, if these channels do not allow explosive or combustible gases and liquids to enter the heating point.

Channels must have removable covers with a unit weight of not more than 30 kg.

The bottom of the channels should have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the catchment pit.

For maintenance of equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) should be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.

The minimum distance from the edge of the movable supports to the edge of the supporting structures (traverses, brackets, support pads) of the pipelines should ensure the maximum possible displacement of the support in the lateral direction with a margin of at least 50 mm. In addition, the minimum distance from the edge of the traverse or bracket to the axis of the pipe must be at least 1.0 Dy (where Dy is the nominal diameter of the pipe).

The distance from the surface of the heat-insulating structure of the pipeline to the building structures of the building or to the surface of the heat-insulating structure of another pipeline must be at least 30 mm in the light, taking into account the movement of the pipeline.

The laying of the water pipeline must be carried out in one row or under the pipelines of heating networks, while the thermal insulation of the water supply must be performed to prevent the formation of condensate on the surface of the water pipes.

In heating points, the supply pipeline must be located to the right of the return pipeline (along the flow of the coolant in the supply pipeline) when laying pipelines in one row.

For heat points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange, determined by heat emissions from pipelines and equipment. The design air temperature in the working area during the cold period of the year should be taken no higher than 28 ° C, in the warm period of the year - 5 ° C higher than the outside air temperature.

In the premises of heat points, it is necessary to carry out measures for the destruction of insects, rodents (disinfestation, deratization).

BTP - Block heating point - 1var. - this is a compact thermomechanical unit of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal load-bearing frame with sandwich panel fences.

ITP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply systems and technological heat-using installations of the whole building or part of it.

BTP - Block heating point - 2 var. It is manufactured in the factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. It may consist of one or more blocks. The equipment of the blocks is mounted very compactly, as a rule, on one frame. Usually used when you need to save space, in cramped conditions. By the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can refer to both ITP and CHP. Supply of ITP equipment according to the specification - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - Supplied in separate items.

BTP is a product of full factory readiness, which makes it possible to connect objects under reconstruction or newly built to heating networks in the shortest possible time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heat points allows us to take into account all the wishes of the client and translate them into a finished product. warranty for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Production and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that in case of mass, quarterly construction or volumetric reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to mount a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTPs.

ITP (assembly) - the possibility of installing a heat point in cramped conditions, there is no need to transport the heat point as an assembly. Transportation of individual components only. The equipment delivery time is much shorter than BTP. Cost is lower. -BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the place of installation (transportation costs), the dimensions of the openings for carrying the BTP impose restrictions on the overall dimensions of the BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.

ITP - a guarantee for various components of a heating point from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating substation; higher cost of installation work, terms of installation work, etc. i.e. when installing ITP, the individual characteristics of a particular room and the “creative” decisions of a particular contractor are taken into account, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other hand, can reduce the quality. After all, a weld, a bend in a pipeline, etc., is much more difficult to perform qualitatively in a “place” than in a factory setting.