Material for preparing for the Unified State Exam (GIA) in English on the topic: The structure of writing an essay in English (Unified State Exam). Flawless Essay in English

Writing an essay in English is a standard task on the exam. It is for this work that the largest number points, because the task itself is not an easy one. Even in their native language, not everyone will be able to competently and consistently express their thoughts on a certain topic. What can I say if you have to do it in English.

So what is an essay? An essay is a short essay, the purpose of which is to convey individual impressions and thoughts on a specific issue. It is such a creative task as writing an essay that makes it possible to characterize you as a person, to show your worldview, your knowledge, your potential.

As you already understood, writing an essay in English requires a fairly high level of language proficiency. this task can be called creative, you must learn to express your point of view and develop a given thought. This art is quite possible to master, especially if you follow the plan discussed below. I will give you a couple of very useful tips for writing essays in English that will help you more than once.

An essay in English should include three semantic parts: introduction, main part and conclusion.

Introduction

In the introduction, you must clearly identify the key topic-problem, which, in fact, you will discuss further. That is, to begin with, you must communicate the topic of the essay, paraphrasing it using synonyms of keywords. You must show that you understand and comprehend the topic.

It is also necessary to point out that there are conflicting opinions about this problem, and indicate which position you take. In doing so, it is best to use impersonal constructs to emphasize objectivity.

The introduction may contain some commentary on the topic. This could be the definition of a key concept or your explanation of how you understand the topic. You can list exactly which aspects of the topic you will be looking at and why.

So, a well-written introduction should give a clear idea of what will be discussed in the main part. To formulate it beautifully and correctly, use the following phrases that indicate the direction of your thoughts:

Now I would like to express my point of view on the problem of ... - Now, I would like to express my opinion about ...
This essay deals with ... - This essay examines ...
This essay will examine ... - This essay will examine ...
This essay will analyze ... - This essay will analyze ...
Many people think ... but others do not agree - Many people think that ..., but others disagree
Let us consider what the advantages and disadvantages of ... are - Consider what are the advantages and disadvantages ...
Let’s consider some pros and cons of it - Let's consider some pros and cons of (this)
Let us start by considering the facts - Let's start by considering the facts
Let us start by considering the pros and cons of it - Let's start by considering the pros and cons of (this)
It is generally agreed today that ... - Today it is generally accepted that ...

You can also use expressions that define the plan for your work:

The essay is divided into three main sections - The essay is divided into three main sections
The third part compares ... - The third part compares ...
Finally, some conclusions will be drawn as to ... - In the end, some conclusions will be drawn about ...

Main part

In the main part, you should also provide several opposing opinions that disagree with your personal opinion, and tell why you disagree with them. Everything should be reasoned and supported by examples.

All information in the main part should be logically separated (i.e. the text is divided into paragraphs). You should think carefully about the structure of your essay and correctly summarize the main part.

The following phrases can be used in the main part when thinking about a problem and arguing for your point of view:

To begin with ... - Let's start with the fact that ...
You can ... - You can (You can) ...
Firstly,… / Secondly,… / Finally,… - Firstly,… / Secondly,… / Finally,…
The first thing that needs to be said is ... - First of all, it should be said that ...
One argument in support of ... - One of the arguments in support of ...
One should note here that ... - It should be noted here that ...
First and foremost ... - First of all ...
It is often said that ... - It is often said that ...
It is true that… / clear that… / noticeable that… - It is true that… / It is clear that… / It is noteworthy that…
The second reason for ... - The second reason ...
Another good thing about ... is that ... - Another good thing ... is that ...
For the great majority of people ... - For the vast majority of people ...
We live in a world in which ... - We live in a world in which ...
It is a well-known fact that ... - It is well known that ...
It is undeniable that ... - It cannot be denied that ...
A number of key issues arise from the statement. For instance, ... - This statement raises a number of key issues. For example, …
First of all, let us try to understand ... - First of all, let's try to understand ...
One of the most striking features of this problem is ... - One of the most striking features of this problem ...
What is more, ... - Moreover, ...
The public in general tend to believe that ... - The public in general tends to believe that ...
Besides, ... because it is ... - Besides, ... because ...
Doubtless, ... - Undoubtedly, ...
It is (very) clear from these observations that ... - From these observations it is (absolutely) clear that ...
One cannot deny that ... - It cannot be denied that ...
Another way of looking at this question is to ... - To look at this problem from the other side, you have to ...
On the other hand, we can observe that ... - On the other hand, we can observe that ...
If on the one hand it can be said that ... the same is not true for ... - And if, on the one hand, we can say that ..., the same cannot be said about ...
The other side of the coin is, however, that ... - However, on the other hand, ...
One should, however, not forget that ... - Nevertheless, one should, however, not forget that ...
One should, nevertheless, consider the problem from another angle.
On the other hand, ... - On the other hand, ...
Although ... - Although ...
Besides, ... - Besides, ...
Moreover, ... - Moreover, ...
Nevertheless, one should accept that ... - Nevertheless, it should be admitted that ...
Furthermore, one should not forget that ... - Moreover, one should not forget that ...
In addition to ... - Besides that ...
However, we also agree that… - However, we also agree that…

Phrases expressing personal opinion:

In my opinion this subject is very controversial - In my opinion, this subject is controversial
In my view ... - In my opinion, ...
To my mind ... - In my opinion, ...
To my way of thinking… - In my opinion,…
Personally I believe that ... - Personally, I believe that ...
I feel strongly that ... - I am firmly convinced that ...
It seems to me that ... - It seems to me that ...
As far as I am concerned ... - As for me, ...

You can support your opinion with the opinion of some experts:

Experts believe that ... - Experts believe that ...
… Say that… -… they say that…
… Suggest that… -… suggest that…
… Are convinced that… -… are convinced that…
... point out that ... - ... note that ...
... emphasize that ... - ... emphasize that ...
Perhaps we should also point out the fact that ... - Perhaps we should also point out the fact that ...
According to some experts ... - According to some experts, ...
One must admit that ... - I must admit that ...
It would be unfair not to mention that fact that ... - It would be unfair not to mention the fact that ...
Which seems to confirm the idea that ... - Which seems to confirm the idea (of) that ...
We cannot ignore the fact that ... - We cannot ignore the fact that ...
From these facts, one may conclude that ... - From these facts, we can conclude that ...
One cannot possibly accept the fact that ... - It's hard to come to terms with the fact that ...
The most common argument against this is that ... - The most common argument against this is that ...
Thus, ... / Therefore, ... - Thus, ... / Therefore ...

Conclusion

The conclusion is the final part of your essay. In conclusion, you must summarize the stated reasoning, that is, draw a conclusion and confirm your point of view. Depending on the topic of the essay, it may be appropriate to give a solid or streamlined answer to the question posed by the topic. Alternatively, you can clarify the perspectives and implications of a given problem.

In conclusion, you must express your opinion, which is supported by the arguments discussed earlier. In conclusion, it is usually appropriate to list the main ideas of the essay. In this case, you need to refer to the introduction and draw parallels. But don't repeat yourself word for word, use a different wording.

In the conclusion, there may be a question suggestive of further thought, a quote, a bright spectacular image (of course, if it is appropriate). Alternatively, in the conclusion, you can offer a solution to the problem under discussion, make a forecast of the results or consequences, call for action.

The conclusion is the most important part of the essay. After all, it is in the conclusion that the whole value of your work lies, where you summarize your reasoning. In it, you demonstrate how seriously you approached the consideration of a given topic and how much you are generally able to independently reason and draw conclusions.

Special phrases will help you to help you express your thoughts consistently:

In conclusion ... - Finally ...
On the whole ... - In general ...
To conclude ... - In conclusion ...
To sum up ... - So ...
All in all ... - In general ...
All things considered ... - All things considered ...
Finally ... - Ultimately ... (In conclusion ...)
Lastly ... - In conclusion ...
In conclusion, I can say that although ... - In conclusion, I can say that, although ...
Taking everything into consideration ... - Taking everything into consideration ...
Taking everything into account ... - Taking everything into account ...
So it’s up to everybody to decide whether ... or not - So everyone must decide for himself ... whether ... or not
The arguments we have presented… suggest that… / prove that… / would indicate that… - The arguments we have presented… suggest that… / prove that… / indicate that…
To draw the conclusion, one can say that ... - Summing up, we can say that ...
From these arguments one must… / could… / might… conclude that… - Based on these arguments, it is necessary… / it is possible… / one could… come to the conclusion that…

If you have already written the main part of the essay, then it should not be difficult to draw up a conclusion. At the same time, I would like to list the most serious mistakes that simply cannot be made in the conclusion of an essay:

1. You cannot put forward completely new ideas in the conclusion. It just doesn't make sense. If they are really important, they should be included in the body.

2. Never use an excuse. You must be confident in your statements. Don't use phrases like:

I may not be an expert - I may not be an expert
At least this is my opinion - At least I think so

3. Do not focus on too small and insignificant details. Your task is to take stock and draw conclusions.

4. In no case should the validity of the previous arguments in the body be refuted.

Volume of sections

The length of each of the sections may vary depending on the assignment and the topic of the essay. In any case, at least half of your essay should be the main body. As general view about the volume of each section, the following ratio can serve:

Introduction - 10 - 25% of the total
The main part - 50 - 80% of the total volume
Conclusion - 10 - 25% of the total

Useful introductory phrases

Moreover ... - Moreover ...
Most of all ... - Most of all ...
It is important to note that ... - It is important to note that ...
It is important to remember that ... - It is important to remember that ...
An important point is that ... - It is important that ...
Аt the moment, ... - At the moment, ...
In conclusion,… - In conclusion,…
After all, ... - In the end, ...
In any case,… / Anyway,… / Either way,… - In any case,…
Actually, ... - Actually, ...
Firstly, ... - Firstly, ...
Instead of… - Instead of…
In the first place, ... - First of all, ...
From time to time, ... - From time to time, ...
Аs a result of ... - As a result ...
Indeed, ... - Indeed, ...
In order to ... - In order to ...
I must admit, ... - I must admit ...
In other words, ... - In other words, ...
It makes sense (to) ... - It makes sense ...
It seems that ... - It seems that ...
In short,… / In a nutshell,… - In short,… / In short,…
Besides, ... - Besides, ...
Luckily, ... / Fortunately, ... - Fortunately ...
Unfortunately, ... - Unfortunately, ...
In addition, ... - Besides, ...
By the way, ... - By the way, ... / By the way, ...
I should ... / I had better ... - I should ...
It may seem that ... - It may seem that ...
Finally,… - Finally,…
In fact, ... / Actually, ... - In fact, ...
As far as I know, ... - As far as I know ...
Аs far as I can judge, ... - As far as I can judge, ...
It doesn’t matter that ... - It doesn’t matter that ...
It is not surprising that… / It is no great surprise that… - It's not surprising that…
But other than that, ... - But other than that ...
However,… - However,… / Nevertheless,…
It turned out that ... - It turned out that ...
Frankly speaking, ... / To tell the truth, ... - Frankly speaking, ... / Honestly, ...
In my opinion, ... - In my opinion, ...
To tell the truth, ... - To tell the truth, ...
As a matter of fact, ... - In fact, ...
First of all,… / Above all,… - First of all,…
It is self-evident that ... - It goes without saying that ...
It goes without saying that ... - It goes without saying that ...
It should be noted that… - It should be noted that…
I advise you (to) ... - I advise you ...
On the one hand, ..., on the other hand, ... - On the one hand, ..., on the other hand, ...
Also, ... - Also ...
As well as ... - As well as ...
Meanwhile,… / Meantime,… - Meanwhile,…
It is well known that ... - It is well known that ...
As for ... / Concerning ... - As for ...
It can mean, that ... - This can mean that ...
I would rather ... - I would rather ...
I would like to ... - I would like to ...
I think, ... / I believe, ... / I guess, ... - I think ... / I believe ... / I believe ...

In order not to worry about the clarity of your essay, you must have a clear outline and a deep understanding of the material. Try to use simple phrases, no abstruse expressions. This way you can avoid a lot of mistakes in English. Without overusing complex expressions, you should also avoid abbreviations or slang.

Remember the difference between writing and speaking. Use as many adjectives and adverbs as possible to make your essay colorful and expressive. In general, you should clearly and clearly state the main ideas and problems of your essay so that the reader can follow your train of thought without being distracted by unnecessary reasoning.

Ideally, you should aim to be completely free of grammar and spelling errors. The general structure, paragraphing, punctuation - everything must be done correctly in order to help the reader feel your reasoning. Here are some tips for writing an essay:

1. Use an academic writing style

Avoid very categorical judgments and generalizations.
Avoid personal pronouns if possible.
Prove what was said with quotes and data, indicating the source.
Respect for gender equality: When it comes to abstract personality, use person instead of man. It is also better to use the pronoun they instead of he or she.
Try to use phrases based on a noun rather than a verb. For example, instead of "Crime was increasing rapidly and the police were becoming concerned," write "The rapid increase in crime was causing concern among the police."

2. Do not use elements of colloquial speech

Instead of abbreviations don’t, they’re, it’s, etc., always use the full form
Eliminate slang and colloquial expressions. For example: kid, a lot of / lots of, cool.
Don't stray from the topic.
Use one-word synonyms instead of phrasal verbs (get away with, get off, put in).
Avoid overly general words (all, get, thing). Be specific and precise.
Do not overuse exclamation marks, parentheses, avoid direct questions.

3. Strive to impart objectivity to the text.

The use of impersonal constructions is encouraged (It is believed that., It can be argued that ...).
Use passive voice if you do not need to specify the performer of the action (Experiment had been conducted).
Use non-categorical verbs (suggest, claim, suppose).
To avoid personal judgments, but to show your attitude to the issue, you can use adverbs: apparently, ideally, arguably, unexpectedly, strangely.
To soften the categoricalness, use the modal verbs could, would, may, might.
To avoid generalizations, use qualifying adverbs: some, a minority of, several, many, a few.

4. Coherence of the text

In order for your essay to be pleasant to read, besides the fact that the thoughts in it should be expressed consistently, the transition from one thought to another should be smooth, one should, as it were, flow from the other. You need to maintain consistency and guide the reader. The introductory and connecting phrases discussed above will help you with this. they can perform various functions. For example:

opposition: but, however, on the contrary, on the other hand, yet
example: for example, that is
reason: therefore, so, as a result, consequently, this results in, this leads to
addition: similarly, as well as, furthermore, moreover, in addition
enumeration: then, next, after that, finally, ultimately
conclusion: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result

When writing an essay in English, you shouldn't "pour more water" for volume. A lot of unnecessary information will be a big flaw in your essay.

First of all, your English essay should cover ALL aspects of the assignment, and it should also be written in an appropriate (neutral) style. It should be logically divided into paragraphs and correspond to the plan proposed in the assignment.

In order not to get confused in the process of writing your essay, you need to spend 5-7 minutes thinking about the plan and preparing all the arguments. Traditionally, we will divide the essay into five paragraphs.

Paragraph 1. Introduction

There must be a statement of the problem. Since the statement of the problem has already been set out in the assignment, your task is to correctly retell it. Precisely to RELATE, not to paraphrase.

Instead of banal “Some people think, ... Others think, ..." can be used:

Some people claim that ..., while others argue that ...

After you have described the essence of the problem, you can ask the question directly, which you will answer in your essay. For example:“What is better: ... or ...?”, “What should we do: ... or ...?”

The last sentence of your opening paragraph should be the purpose of your essay. This can be done, for example, like this:

In this essay I will try to look upon this issue.
In this essay I will try to express my opinion on this issue.
In this essay I would like to express my point of view on this issue.
In this essay I will try to answer this question.(This is the simplest option, if it will be difficult for you to remember the previous two, remember it)

Paragraph 2. Your opinion

It is most logical to start this paragraph with the statement of your position on this issue. Useful phrases (be sure to follow this punctuation!):

In my opinion, ...
From my point of view, ...
To my mind, ...
Personally, I think that ...
I'm certain that ...
As far as I am concerned, ...

Next, you need to give 2-3 arguments confirming your point of view. Arguments can be any, if you interpret them correctly. That is, such that it would be difficult to argue with them (within reasonable limits, of course).

Advice: It is better to give 2 arguments and justify them in detail and give examples to support them than 3 short and incompletely disclosed ones. Remember that the number of words in an essay is limited.

Here we should not forget about the means of logical connection of sentences. The first argument is a good place to start with:

Firstly, ...
To start with, ...
To begin with, ...
First of all, ...

After you have formulated the first argument, you need to confirm it and / or give an example in support. Here are the most simple models, How can I do that:

Because ...
... That is why ...
... For example, ...

If you started with a word"Firstly, ..." , then the second argument should start with the word Secondly,. If the first argument came with the phrases “To start with, ...”, “To begin with, ...”, then the second can be started with the following words:

Moreover, ...
Furthermore, ...
Besides, ...
In addition, ...

The second argument must also be supported by example or evidence.

Paragraph 3. Opposite opinion

You will begin a paragraph by stating an opposite opinion on the proposed topic or question. You can do it like this:

Others believe that ...
Some people argue that ...
However, some people think that ...

This is followed by 1 or 2 arguments confirming the opposite opinion. I advise you to initially think of two. And how much to write in the end: 1 or 2 - decide in the process, based on the resulting size of your essay.

Advice: You will then have to dispute the opposite arguments, therefore, coming up with them initially, think over how you will dispute them. If you have nothing to argue with the invented argument, it is better to immediately replace it with another, so as not to do it while writing the essay. It is also limited!

Tip: When challenging arguments, you must not repeat anything written in the second paragraph. So if you can't come up with a counterargument without repeating yourself, try coming up with something else. Alternatively, you can think of other pros while the essay is not yet written. In any case, it is better to think it over initially, while you are drawing up the outline of the essay, rather than during the writing process!

Paragraph 4. Your counterarguments

The point of this paragraph is to explain why you disagree with the opposite opinion. You can start a paragraph, for example, with a sentence:

I can’t agree with this opinion because ...
I'm afraid I can’t agree with this idea because ...

ATTENTION: if you gave two arguments in the previous paragraph, then both must be refuted. You can differentiate them with the following phrases:

As for ...,
Speaking about ...,
As far as ... is concerned,

Tip: When refuting opposing arguments, it is best to suggest ways to solve them, rather than prove them incapable. For example, if someone thinks that pets are dangerous, then there is no need to claim that they are, in fact, harmless. It is better to turn this disadvantage into dignity, saying that, on the other hand, they are excellent guards in country houses.

Paragraph 5. Conclusion

The most common mistake many students make: in the conclusion, they simply express their opinion. This is not enough. After all, the conclusion applies to the entire essay, not just the second paragraph.

Thus, in the conclusion, you need to summarize everything that was said in the essay and express your point of view. You can also give your recommendations on the existing problem. Most importantly, there should be no new information in the conclusion.

In conclusion, ... To sum up, ... To conclude, ...

Further, we let the reader understand that there are two points of view on this problem, and despite the opposite point of view, we still stick to ours. For example, this can be done according to the following scheme:

Despite the fact that ..., I'm convinced that ...
Taking into consideration different opinions on this issue, I believe that ...

Language design of the essay

After you have written the USE essay in English, be sure to review it again for possible errors. From my experience of the most common mistakes, I advise you to pay attention to the following things:

Run each noun separately. If a noun is countable and is in the singular, there must be an article in front of it! Most likely, you should have it undefined (but see for yourself from the context).

Go over all the introductory words and phrases and make sure there are commas after them. On the other hand, there should not be a comma before the word 'that':“I think that ...”, “Others believe that ...”.

If the subject is expressed by the 3rd person singular ( he / she / it ), do not forget to add the ending -s to the verb!

As for the "smart" words, a separate conversation. There is a separate item in the assessment criteria: Vocabulary. Believe me, it's better not to use a smart word than to use it incorrectly and get minus points for it.

Advice: If you do not know a lot of "smart" vocabulary, cram it into the phrases you memorized in advance to the maximum. For example, instead of the banal “for example”, you can use “for instance”; instead of “I think” use “I believe / suppose / presume”. That is, in fact, you need to come up with vocabulary that you can definitely use in your essay in English, no matter what topic you come across.

The assignment contains a certain statement. You need to write an essay-reasoning in which you express your own opinion regarding this statement (opinion essay).

WRITING AN ESSAY IN THE USE 2018 IN ENGLISH

The essay should be clearly structured and include the following parts (each begins with a new paragraph):

Introduction. Here you should indicate the problem indicated in the assignment. It is important to rephrase it, not rewrite it word for word. For example, the task "In order to get a good adecation one should go abroad" can be reformulated as follows: “Nowadays, the problem of studying abroad causes great argument and controversy” ... You should also supplement this thesis with a small commentary-explanation. You can end the introduction with a rhetorical question.
Expressing your own opinion. In this paragraph, it is necessary to briefly reflect your personal attitude to this problem and back it up with 2-3 detailed arguments. It is important that the arguments are convincing, succinct and logical. Arguments are entered using universal linking words and phrases.
Expressing the opposite opinion. The third paragraph of the essay should contain the opponent's point of view. This thesis also needs to be supported by 1 or 2 arguments. It is important that the opponent has 1 fewer arguments (that is, if you have three arguments in the 2nd paragraph, you should have two in the 3rd paragraph), because our goal is to prove our own innocence.
Disagreement with the opinion of opponents. Here you should refute the opponent's opinion, express your disagreement and back it up with 1-2 counterarguments. Remember that you are giving counterarguments to the arguments of your opponent, their number should be the same (2 of the opponent's arguments = 2 of your counterarguments).
Conclusion. The last paragraph should contain a generalized conclusion regarding the issue under discussion, which is also complemented by a commentary. You can use a generic phrase that will make the reader think about the problem.

Work plan for task number 40

I. Read the stimulus phrase carefully

II. 1 paragraph: introduction to the problem See in the task 2 opposing points of view Rephrase the phrase Write 3 sentences 2 paragraph: your opinion 2-3 arguments 3 paragraph: opposite opinion 1-2 arguments 4 paragraph: counterarguments DO NOT list your already named arguments 5 paragraph: conclusion Rephrase 1 paragraph

III. Connect paragraphs using introductory words.

V. Check spelling and punctuation (be sure to separate the introductory words with a comma)

Below is a table with examples of introductory words and phrases.

ESSAY STRUCTURE IN THE USE 2018 IN ENGLISH

Paragraph	Offer	Sample
1. Introduction	Problem identification	Nowadays,		the problem of… causes great argument and controversy.
		In today’s world,
				the issue of… is considered to be a matter of common concern / the main concern of…
	Comment on the problem	Some people believe that… while others think…
		On the one hand, ... on the other hand ....
	A rhetorical question	Where is the truth?
		Who is right?
2. Expressing your own opinion	Thesis	In my opinion, ...
		As for me, I believe that ...
		My personal view is that ...
	1 argument	To begin with,
		To start with,
		Firstly,
	2 argument	What is more,
		Furthermore,
		Secondly,
	3 argument	Finally,
		Additionally,
		Thirdly,
3. Expressing the opposite opinion	Thesis	However, there exists another point of view on this issue.
		Nevertheless, one can consider this problem from another angle.
	1 argument	First of all,
		The first thing to be considered is ...
	2 argument	Another fact is that ...
		Besides,
4. Disagreement with the opinion of opponents	Thesis + 1st counter-argument	Despite my respect for this opinion, I cannot share it because ...
		Nevertheless, I cannot agree with this statement, because ...
	2nd counterargument	Moreover, one should not ignore the fact that ...
		Finally,…
5. Conclusion	Output		In conclusion,		I would like to say that	the problem of… is still to be discussed.
			Taking into consideration all mentioned above,			It is impotant to understand…
	A comment		As far as I am concerned, the point is to ...

UNIVERSAL ENGLISH ESSAY TEMPLATE

Nowadays, the problem of… causes great argument and controversy. Some people believe that… while others think…. Who is right?

In my opinion,…. To begin with,…. What is more,…. Additionally,….

However, there exists another point of view on this issue. First of all,…. Besides,….

Despite my respect for this opinion, I cannot share it because…. ….

In conclusion, I would like to say that the problem of ... is still to be discussed. As far as I am concerned, the point is to ...

Another pattern:

Opinion essay pattern
What you can write in each paragraph (example template):

1) The problem of _____ (theme) ______ has always aroused heated debates. Some people are convinced that ___________. However, the others believe ___________. Let us speculate what makes them think so.

2) I cannot but agree that ______ (opinion you agree with) _____. Firstly, _____(first argument)______. Secondly, _____(second argument)______. Thirdly, _____(third argument)______.

3) Some opponents might argue that ______ (opinion you disagree with) ______. They suggest that ______(opponents first argument)______. Moreover, ______(second argument of opponents)______.

4) Nevertheless, I do not support the above mentioned ideas ... One should take into account the fact that ______( destruction arguments opponents) ______. Besides, ______(destruction of opponents arguments)______.

5) All in all, ______ (opinion you agree with) ______. Despite the arguments of various skeptics I am convinced that our ______(SOCIETY / PLANET / FAMILIES / CHILDREN / ENVIRONMENT / SENIORS / SOULS)______ need (s) ______( briefly opinion, with which youagree) ______.

Thus, we already have 76 words, and they greatly facilitate the work on the essay!

SAMPLE OF READY ESSAY USE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Comment on the following statement:

In order to get a good adecation one should go abroad.

What is your opinion? Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan:

- make an introduction (state the problem)

- express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

- express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

- make a conclusion restating your position

Examples of ready-made ESSAYS:

One language for the whole planet. Pros and cons

No doubt that learning languages takes up a lot of time. That is why some people think that it would be better to have only one language on our planet. But will it be really beneficial for mankind?

In my opinion, the reduction of the number of languages is a disaster because it will totally destroy our great cultural heritage. With each loss of a language comes a loss of a culture, a loss of a way of life that deserves to be protected and treated as valuable. I also believe that leaving one language for communication will greatly reduce the linguistic of our planet, which is the key to our survival. What is more, it will be rather difficult to choose which language to use and it may even lead to wars.

Many people think that if we have only one language, communication will become easier and there will be no need to learn foreign languages. I cannot agree with them because knowledge of foreign languages makes a person educated and well rounded. You cannot broaden your mind if you see the world only from the perspective of your own culture. Besides, people are a lot more helpful if you speak their language.

In conclusion, I would argue that we should try our best to preserve the linguistic diversity of our planet. I think that larger cultures should have a respect for minority languages, but first of all the younger generation must want to preserve their native language.

Animals in the zoo. What do you think about it. Is it fair

There are a lot of zoos in the world and millions of people visit them every year. But are zoos harmful or helpful to animals which are caged there?

I strongly believe that we should not keep animals in zoos because captivity is not natural for them and it is a constant stress to a wild animal. Keeping animals in zoos harms them by denying them freedom of movement and association. What is more, zoos are like prisons for animals as they live in small cages and do not get necessary food. In addition, animals become very aggressive and unpredictable as they get older and often attack zoo keepers and other people.

However, most people think that zoos help endangered species survive. But this is not true because most rare animals are extremely difficult to breed in captivity. Besides, in zoos, it is almost impossible to meet the animals' natural needs. Another argument for keeping animals in zoos is that people learn something new about these animals. Actually, zoos do not teach us much because animals do not act the way they would in the wild. I think we can learn more about animals by watching wildlife programs on TV.

In conclusion, I would argue that zoos do not seem to help endangered species and keeping animals behind bars only for the sake of our entertainment is not quite fair. In my opinion, people must create nature reserves, where wild animals will be able to live in their natural environment.

Prohibition of cars in the centers of large cities. For or against

There is no doubt that the invention of the car changed the world and nowadays we can hardly find a family without a car. Nevertheless, some people are against cars, especially in the centers of big cities.

In my opinion, cars should not be allowed into the city centers as they add to pollution and poison the air we breathe. We must also think about the people who live in the center and suffer from the noise made by cars. Moreover, the streets in the center are usually narrow therefore people are often stuck in traffic for many hours and, as a result, arrive late at their destination. Finally, with ho cars in city centers, there would be no need for large ugly car parks, which would allow more space for parks.

However, many people believe we would not be able to survive without cars because most of the products for shops and other businesses are transported by cars. Besides, they are afraid that public transport would be overloaded. I am sure it is possible to solve these problems by introducing a reliable high frequency tram service as well as developing the underground. As for goods, we could use electric vehicles for their delivery.

To sum up, I believe that a clean, reliable and environmentally friendly public service would encourage people to use public transport and help smooth the transition to a car-free zone.

Learning a foreign language is the best thing that can be, to study it in the country where it is spoken. Do you agree

Nowadays people spend lots of money in order to go to an English-speaking country to improve their language skills. But is it really the most effective way of learning a language? In my view, studying in a foreign country has certain drawbacks.

Firstly, this way is very expensive as the tuition fee for overseas students is rather high. Besides, when you study abroad, you have to adapt to a very different way of life, which can be quite stressful. What is more, English teachers do not speak Russian so if you don’t know English well, you will not understand their explanation.

It is often assumed that it is better to study a language abroad because you can always use it speaking with native speakers. However, I doubt that we will have lots of opportunities to speak abroad as we do not know many people there. It is also believed that Russian teachers are not as qualified as those in England. I totally disagree with this opinion because Russian teachers can compare two languages and explain grammar rules better.

To sum up, I would argue that the best way to learn a language is to study it in your native country because you can always get the necessary help from your teachers. Moreover, today we have lots of opportunities to improve our skills such as communicating with English pen-friends over the Internet. I think that we should travel abroad so as to practice a language but not to study it.

Foreign languages. Now 2-3 languages are taught in schools. Pros and cons

Most people understand that without knowledge of foreign languages it is difficult to survive in the modern world. Therefore they send their children to schools where they can study two or even three foreign languages. However, is it good to study several languages simultaneously?

On the one hand, foreign languages are the main part of our culture so they help us to expand our outlook. We cannot broaden our minds if we see the world only from the perspective of our own culture. In addition, learning languages is a good exercise for the intellect. Moreover, if pupils know at least one foreign language, they learn new languages much faster.

On the other hand, many pupils find it confusing to learn two or three languages at a time, especially languages that are similar, because children usually mix up lots of words. Besides, some languages are tricky enough to learn. For example, in English there are more exceptions than rules. In this case, children can be overloaded with homework. More than that, some pupils do not know their native language well and learning several foreign languages could prevent them from mastering their own language.

In conclusion, I want to say that learning languages is extremely beneficial and I would like to know different foreign languages. However, I believe children should not learn too many languages at the same time so as not to get confused. They ought to get a solid base in one language before they start learning a new one.

Internet. Pros and cons

We live in the age of information technology and nowadays the Internet is nearly as common as the telephone. No doubt that it is a unique invention, which has influenced all areas of our lives. However, some people consider the Internet one of the greatest evils of our time.

On the one hand, the Internet is very useful, because it lets us access a world of facts, figures and knowledge. In addition, with the Internet, it is now possible to speak to friends and relatives any-where in the world cheaply and quickly. Other services are also available through the Internet such as booking tickets or buying things. Moreover, the Internet allows a lot of talented people to show the world their achievements and makes it easier to find a job.

On the other hand, the Internet can become a disaster for our society, because people spend hours in front of their computers and neglect their everyday duties. Another worry is the activities of cybercriminals. For example, hackers can steal your money or even your property while cyberterrorists may ‘attack’ the world’s computers, causing chaos, and making planes and trains crash. What is more, leaders of different terrorist or oppositional organizations can use the Internet to find new followers.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that despite the criticisms by some and the fears of others, the Internet seems to have changed our world to the better and we must try to make the best use of it.

Cloning. Pros and cons

Recent advances in genetic biology have led us to quite a doubtful situation. People all over the world argue whether human cloning research should be controlled by the government as solving problems connected with human cloning is definitely not a piece of cake.

In my opinion, human cloning experiments are extremely dangerous because there are huge risks of abnormalities in human clones. Moreover, if clones have been made, they will obviously have serious psychological problems connected with their unusual birth. Finally, there is no doubt that human cloning will change our perception of what is the value of a human life as we might change from having children to manufacturing them.

However, scientists claim that human cloning could be very beneficial as therapeutic cloning could provide stem cells for regenerative medicine and tissues for transplantation. Besides, re-productive cloning will probably give parents who are both infertile an opportunity to have children. I am afraid that this technology is not safe enough to use on humans. It is also possible that clones will age quicker since the cell used in the cloning procedure has already been used in a real life individual.

To sum up, we must question whether human cloning is really worth it when weighed against the problems it raises. From my point of view, human reproductive cloning should be under the tight control of the government and the UN because it is dangerous to interfere with nature and the consequences can be really disastrous.

Books or computers. Who will win in the future

The latest advances in information technology make people think that schools of the future will use computers instead of printed books. Although electronic books have not been widely accepted yet, they have certain advantages over traditional paper volumes. But will they be able to replace printed books?

In my opinion, students will be widely using computers for studying in the future. To begin with, computers can store lots of books in their memory and modern software allows us to find quickly the necessary information. Besides, with the interactive programs on computers studying will be much more exciting. What is more, electronic books will not degrade overtime like their printed counterparts.

On the other hand, lots of disbelievers argue that computers will not replace printed books because a printed book is better for human eyes than a computer screen. In addition, books are cheaper and easier to use since they do not need electricity or the Internet connection. I cannot agree with this because modern computer screens emit no radiation and allow us to read even in low light conditions. Of course we will have to pay for electricity but I think it will be cheaper than to pay for printed books, which are very expensive nowadays.

To sum up, I think computers and printed books will peacefully coexist for years to come, but in the future technological progress will make it possible for students to carry laptops or even palmtops instead of traditional bags with lots of heavy books.

Computer games. Pros and cons

People have always had different hobbies but technological progress has caused the appearance of computers and computer games, which can keep a child occupied for hours. However, adults consider computer games a complete waste of time.

As for me, I believe computer games are more than mindless entertainment. To begin with, computer games can teach people to achieve their aims as they regularly put obstacles and traps in the way of players which are necessary to overcome in order to progress through the rest of the game. Additionally, computer games can be a valuable source of accidental learning that can be applied to school, home, and social events. Moreover, teachers have also started to appreciate educational games as an opportunity to make their lessons more exciting.

Nevertheless, quite a few people are against this activity as they find it rather addictive and harmful for children’s health. They argue that computer games make students neglect their school work. However, if we learn to control our computer use and play games for an hour just to relax after a hard day at school, this will not do us any harm. What is more, modern technology made it possible to eliminate the bad effect of computers on our eyes.

To sum up, I believe that computer games have more advantages than drawbacks. They make us persistent, develop our logical reasoning and help us to escape from everyday problems. The thing is to find a right balance between virtual reality and everyday reality.

Space. Pros and cons of space exploration

Space exploration can mean a major leap for mankind. However, it is often criticized because the price for these space experiments is too high, especially while poverty still exists in many parts of the world.

On the one hand, space research is extremely beneficial as it advances technology. As a result of this work, we have lots of inventions, which have made our lives much more comfortable. In addition, through the exploration of space, we could find new elements, minerals or even discover new laws of physics and eventually learn more about ourselves. What is more, space exploration will allow us to establish a human civilization on another planet as a hedge against the catastrophe that might occur on the Earth.

On the other hand, the benefits of space exploration are not self-evident, no matter how real they are. It costs billions of dollars to fund the projects of space science whereas this money should rather be spent on meeting the needs of the underprivileged. Besides, some of the technology we develop through space science can be used in a destructive manner if it is in the wrong hands. Finally, a travel to space can be dangerous as we may discover something that is extremely harmful for the living beings on Earth.

To conclude, I want to say that space exploration satisfies the human desire for adventure therefore most people are interested in space research. Nevertheless, I believe our governments should find the right balance between social and space programs.

RULES FOR WRITING ESSAYS IN THE USE

Count the words

It is imperative to keep within the given volume: 200-250 words (a deviation of 10% in both directions is allowed, i.e. 180-275 words). If there are ≤179 words in the essay, then 0 points are given for the task. If ≥276 words, then only the first 250 words are checked. Remember that 1 word is everything between two spaces. Hyphens (-) and apostrophes (') are not spaces, therefore words from the category world's, open-minded, UK are counted as one word. Practice writing letters on exam forms - this way you will learn how to determine the number of words by eye and will spend less time counting them.

Write in a formal style

Abbreviations cannot be used (only full forms I am, cannot), as well as start sentences with informal linking words well,also, but). Use impersonal forms of the verb ( one should). A rich vocabulary and a variety of grammatical and syntactic structures demonstrates a high level of knowledge of the English language.

Time it right

Give yourself 40 minutes to complete this task: 20 minutes for a draft, 15 minutes. for a clean copy and 5 min. on word counting and checking. Be sure to check your essay before submitting!

Believe in yourself and everything will work out! Good luck with exams!

on Verbitskaya

Exercise:

Comment on the following statement:

It's reported that billions of dollars are spent on space exploration projects every year. Some people believe that this money should be used to solve problems on Earth.
What is your opinion? What problems should humanity solve first of all?

Write 200-250 words.

Show the K1 assessment plan and scheme

Use the following plan:
- make an introduction (state the problem)
- express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion
- express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing
opinion
- explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion
- make a conclusion restating your position

Assessment scheme for the criterion "Solution of a communication problem":
a) the volume of the statement corresponds to the task at hand
b) introduction - statement of the problem;
c) the author's opinion with 2-3 arguments;
d) the opposite point of view with 1-2 arguments;
e) explanations why the author does not agree with the opposite point of view (counterarguments);
f) conclusion (conclusion).

Essay text

Our science have changed every year. Nowadays a lot of money is spent on space exploration projects. Many people think that it is not right because this money should be used to solve problems on Earth. Let’s consider both views on this issue.

In my opinion, space exploration is very importand for us because we must know more about universal, planets, stars and meteorits. Scientists haven’t already know all about of them and if they are dangerous for us. Secondly, when scientists studied the sun they discovered new chemestry elements for example gelius. Also when they study the sun they study how our healthe depends from it. Thirdly, we can travel on space and see Earth from space-ship.

People spend a lot of money for this traveling so they give this money for new discovers.

On the other hand, some people who think that space exploration it is a waste of time and money because this money can help people who have very dangerous illnesses. Secondly, goverment can helps spend this money on our education. They can buy new equipmen for school. Thirdly, this money can be used for helping poor countries and people who live in them. This money can help to make their life better.

In conchesion, I would like to say that it’s better to spend money on space exploration because in future people will live in space. (231 words)

Analysis and evaluation:

Criterion 1 - solving a communication problem.

The communicative task here is to compare the possible benefits of investing large sums of money in space exploration, or that it will be spent on solving problems on earth. It also raises the question of the relative importance of the problems to be solved and how urgent is their solution. The author did not cope with this task.

1.1. Is there an introduction with a problem statement? - Yes, there is, but practically without paraphrasing. In addition, the problem is posed incorrectly: the author suggests considering “ both points of view on the problem ”, Although he gives only one point of view. Thus, as a problem to consider, “ issue "We are offered the disagreement of many people with spending on space. The question of the assignment is clearly not about that.

1.2. Is the author's opinion on the problem expressed and is it reasoned? - The opinion has been expressed, but the argumentation is weak and confused. The author argues that space exploration is important, and cites scattered facts (asteroids are possibly dangerous; new chemical elements were discovered during space exploration, the sun affects human health), but does not show how these facts are related to each other and how they confirm his position. The fourth argument is not directly related to the topic of the essay: "the profits from space tourism partially cover the cost of research."

1.3. Does the essay present the opposite point of view with 1-2 arguments of its supporters? - The opposite point of view is presented by three arguments.

1.4. Is there an explanation why the author does not agree with this opposite point of view (counterarguments)? - No, the author does not explain why he does not agree with the point of view of his opponents, therefore it is impossible to evaluate his argumentation.

1.5. Is there a conclusion with a conclusion? - There is a formal conclusion, but the conclusion is not related to the previous arguments of the author: in the paragraph 2 the author talks about the benefits of comic research for practical life on the ground , and in conclusion connects the cost of space research with the fact that in the future people will be live in space .
Also, the author does not compare the benefits of space exploration with the benefits of investing money in solving earthly problems, that is, having partially answered the first question of the assignment (express your opinion), the author completely ignores the second - comparing problems.

the communicative task is partially completed: 1 point.

Criterion K2 - Organization of the text.

2.1. Is there a paragraph division and is it correct? - There is a division into paragraphs, but there is no part devoted to the author's counterarguments and refutation of the position of his opponents.

2.2. Is the composition logical and are the means of logical connection used correctly? - The composition is illogical. The author does not show the connection between his arguments and does not use the means of logical connection to oppose his arguments to the arguments of opponents or develop his thought.

Of the two use cases “Because ”In the first, the logical structure of the argument is violated: what the author gives as an argument“ we must know more about…"In fact, it is not an argument, but a prephrasing of the author's position" space exploration is very importand for us". Of the other introductory words, the author uses only those that reflect the order (First, second, and so on). Introductory word “In conclusion” cannot be considered an example of the use of means of logical communication, since this introduction is formal.

In general, this criterion will be given 1 point.

Criterion K3 - lexical presentation of speech.

3.1. Does the vocabulary correspond to the set communicative task? - On the whole, it is consistent.

3.2. Is your vocabulary sufficient, how diverse it is, and does it correspond to a high level? - Is your vocabulary sufficient, how diverse it is, does it correspond to a high level? - The essay uses an unlimitedly meager vocabulary: of the modal verbs, only "can" is used, absent

paraphrasing the topic in the first paragraph, and the phrase Spaсe exploration is repeated unchanged throughout the text.

3.3. Does the author follow the rules of word formation and collocations, is it correct used words in a specific context and do errors (if any) affect understanding of the content? - A large number of lexical errors - 6

the number of errors exceeds 4: 1 point

Criterion K4 - Grammar.

4.1. Is the choice of using grammatical means appropriate for the purpose of the utterance? - The choice of grammar is generally appropriate.

4.2. How diverse are the grammar tools and is their complexity at a high level? - The arsenal of used grammatical structures is small, their complexity does not correspond to the high level. Almost all sentences use the basic construction "Subject + Predicate in active voice". The only attempt to build a relative

subordinate clause - unsuccessful.

4.3. How correct and accurate are the grammatical tools used? - Numerous mistakes in using grammar tools: “science have changed every year”, “haven't already know”, “about of them” “spend a lot of money for” “give this money for” “ome people who think that space exploration it is a waste of time and money because this money can help people who have ”,“ can helps spend this money ”“ help to make ”“ depends from it ”,“ travel on space ”,“ space exploration it is a waste of time "," for school. "," this money can be used for helping ".

a large number of errors: 1 point.

Criterion K5 - spelling and punctuation.

Spelling errors - 6. Syntax errors - 3.

a large number of errors: 0 points.

Overall mark for this work: 4 points.

Source of essay text - Methodological materials for chairmen
and members of regional subject commissions for checking the fulfillment of tasks with a detailed answer to the exam papers of the Unified State Exam (Verbitskaya, Makhmuryan)

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How to Build a Clear Argument in an Essay in English

We saw that the assessment for solving a communicative task is also given for the quality of argumentation (Methodological recommendations for organizers and experts of the exam, Verbitskaya, Makhmuryan). That is, firstly, there should be no unnecessary arguments off-topic, and secondly, they must be consistent and convincing. That is, you can completely solve the communicative problem in the essay for the Unified State Exam 2018 if you choose the arguments and examples correctly. In this article, for an example of a real essay, I will show

how to do it, but for now a little theory.

How to argue correctly?

Think of the argument as a simple mathematical fraction. There is a numerator (upstairs), there is a denominator (at the bottom)... Argumentation is always based on comparing or opposing two concepts with a "common denominator". A "common denominator" is some characteristic that will be common to all concepts, but the "numerators" will be different - this is how this characteristic is expressed.

example 1

Swimming and running are both beneficial, but swimming develops all the muscles, and running only the legs and ligaments ( benefit- "denominator", develops all muscles / only legs and ligaments- "numerators").
Football and tennis are both sports, but one is team and the other is individual.

In our text, we will compare the benefits of investing in space exploration with the benefits of spending money on solving problems on earth.

The "denominator" will be such characteristics as "Time", "quantity" / "size", "probability", "distance".

time: now / then, now / before
number: a lot / a little
size, scale: human / humanity, big / small
probability: accurate / imprecise
distance: close / far

Example 2

The results of space research are still only possible to benefit in the future, but on the other hand, all people inhabiting the Earth or those who will move to other planets at once.

Distance- far
Time- after
Confidence- inaccurate (negative characteristics)
Scale- all of humanity (positive characteristic)

2. To spend money on earthly needs means to help specific patients, and to do it right here and now. Or organize education here and now in poor countries.

Time- now
Distance- here,
Confidence- exactly (positive characteristics)
Scale- single person (negative characteristic)

These are the first thoughts that automatically come to mind. Those who “believe that money should be spent” on solving earthly problems are guided by positive characteristics “ here» « now" and " for sure«.

We can solve the communication problem of the essay in two ways: to defend space exploration or to agree with their opponents. Depending on this, we will build our argumentation.

Termination of research

Just agree with the arguments of their opponents and provide examples of how redirecting cash flows will make everyone happy
In the third paragraph, say about the benefits of research so that it is clear that this is not serious.

In the step-by-step instructions for improving the example essay, we will defend the research and use both methods of argumentation.

The task opposes the distant benefits of research to similar problems, that is, according to the "denominator" distance (close against far), time (now against after) and probability (for sure against Maybe).
Let's bring space closer to us: " discoveries are already being used in medicine". Let's strengthen the connection with the person: cosmic rays + gene mutations. Let's add the scale: the survival of all mankind against one patient.

It's bad that there are already 230 words. That is, almost the upper limit, and we still have to write counterarguments. Oh, yes, I still need to rephrase in the first paragraph. And remove the unnecessary information about “Our science have changed every year” - there is no question about changes and time in the task. In this phrase, the "denominator" - change, It was against became... But the question is not.
Along the way, we will diversify grammar and vocabulary, as well as improve the logic of the text.

SEE THE RESULT

In my opinion, space exploration is extremely important for us and humanity should carry on with it. First of all, it allows us to know more about the universe, planets, cosmic rays and asteroids. Distant planets should be studied as the potential home for humanity in the future, and asteroids may be dangerous for the Earth now. Consequently, life of all humanity may depend on how much we know about these. What is more, while studying space objects, scientists already make discoveries which change life on Earth right now. For example, new chemical elements like helium can be found during such research. Also, information about the influence of the space and the stars on humans’s health can be obtained as a result of space studies, like the role of cosmic rays in gene mutations and the evolution itself.

On the other hand, space exploration is often claimed a waste of time and money. Those who think so believe that this money should be spent on finding cure for dangerous deseases and saviung people on earth right now. They also encourage governments to invest more in education saying that thousands of schools, especially in poor countries, may be equipped with this money.

However, they forget that new materials and technologies obtained in space experiments are already being used in modern medicine, in particular - in artificial organs, or arms and legs. Moreover, the issue of inequality in living conditions between countries had been around long before the first man in space, so it is unreasonable to try to solve this issue at the expence of science.

All in all, I believe that current and possible benefits that space exploration can give us are so great and important that it definitely should continue.

(339 words)

Almost everything worked out, now there are five paragraphs, understandable and related arguments, only there are almost a hundred more words. At the next stage, we will try to cope with this, but now we will analyze what we have just done:

We shorten the words in our essay.

Nowadays scientists conduct multi-billion research in space, which provokes strong opposition from those who believe that there are more immediate and more important problems on Earth which this money may help to solve. Let’s consider whether or not space research should be abandoned in favor of issues on our planet. (50 words)

Nowadays scientists conduct multi-billion research in space, which some oppose claiming that there are urgent problems on Earth which require attention. Let’s consider whether space research should be abandoned in favor of more apparent issues. (35 words)

In my opinion, space exploration is extremely important for us and humanity should carry on with it. First of all, it allows us to know more about the universe, planets, cosmic rays and asteroids. Distant planets should be studied as the potential home for humanity in the future, while asteroids may be dangerous for the Earth now. Consequently, life of all humanity may depend on how much we know about these. What is more, while studying space objects, scientists already make discoveries which change life on the Earth right now. For example, new chemical elements like helium can be found during such research. Also, information about the influence of space and the stars on humans’s health can be obtained as a result of space studies, like the role of cosmic rays in gene mutations and the evolution itself. (138 words)

What kind of beast is this "essay" and how to deal with it? By far the best thing to do is tame it. We offer together here and now to sort everything out on the shelves and figure out how to write an essay. Often, a successfully written essay can open up a lot of opportunities on the way to the realization of ourselves, and at the same time the embodiment of our cherished desires and goals.

What is an essay in English

Essays in English Is a kind of creative work that has an arbitrary composition and reveals the author's opinion on a particular problem of a social, cultural or historical plan. This is not an English essay, article, abstract, or any other creative work. The essay proudly occupies a separate hole in the world of journalism. Let's compare it with an article, an essay in English and an abstract. To better understand what an essay is and why it cannot be called an article, abstract, etc.

An essay is very similar to an essay-reasoning, however, the main difference between these genres in the purpose of writing an essay is that an essay in English always has a conclusion, and an essay only encourages the reader to think and make his own. In the essay, the author only discusses, raises relevant topics, but does not draw a final conclusion, in contrast to the essay. The article is really very similar to an essay, because there is no definite structure, there is a relevant topic. However, an article is a work of journalism, as opposed to an essay. It is this factor that makes the article the only one in the world of the journalistic genre. And so that you don't have the slightest desire to compare an essay with an abstract, let's look at the last differences. First of all, the abstract is larger in volume - about 5 pages, while the essay usually takes 1.5 - 2 pages. Also, in an essay, the narration comes on behalf of the author, and the abstract is a report on a clearly defined topic.

Where an English essay comes in handy:

To pass the international exam in English.
For entering university.
For hiring.

However, these are not all points where an essay might come in handy. It's no secret that writing an essay develops imagination and helps develop analytical thinking skills.

Conclusion: if you want to develop, write an essay. It plays an extremely important role in school, university and even at work. It is very important to learn to understand how to write an essay correctly in English in order to confidently go to success from school years.

Types of essays

There are 3 types of essays in English:

For & Against Essays.
Points to consider.
Opinion Essays.

For & Against Essays

Essay "Pros and Cons" - in this type of essay, the main task is to consider two existing points of view. It is important to objectively evaluate both positions and express your understanding of each of the parties.

Structure:
1) Introduction (here it is important to characterize the topic that will be discussed without expressing your own opinion).
2) The main part (here it is important to express your opinion about the problem, give examples and proofs).
3) Conclusion (in this section you summarize and summarize all of the above. Remember that in this type of essay you should not draw a specific conclusion, you can only distribute all the arguments in two bowls).

Important! The words I think, I believe,In my opinion, etc. can be consumed only in conclusion where you express your position.

Useful phrases :

When considering points of view (beginning of the essay):
firstly- At first
in the first place- at the first place
to begin with- let's start with
secondly- Secondly
finally- eventually

To indicate the benefits:
another- other
an additional advantage of… is... - there is an additional advantage of something
the main advantage of… is... - there is an additional advantage of something

To point out disadvantages:
a further- next
a major disadvantage / drawback of... is the main drawback
the greatest / most serious / first disadvantage- the main disadvantage
another negative side of... is the other negative side of this ...

To represent each point of view:
one point / argument in favor of... - one argument in favor of ...
one point / argument against... - one argument against ...
it could be argued that... - there is controversy that ...

When reasoning:
moreover- Moreover
in addition- in addition
furthermore- Besides
besides- besides
apart from- except
as well as- as well as
also- also
both- both
there is another side to the question... - there is another side to this question ...

To express the contrast
however- but
on the other hand- on the other side
still- yet
yet- yet
but- but
nevertheless- Nevertheless
it may be said/ claimed that- they say that...
although- although
while- while...
despite / in spite of- despite...

Opinion essays

"Minority opinion" - in this type of essay, it is important to express your position on a particular problem. It is important to give examples, arguments in favor of your opinion, and also to express your position quite transparently.

Structure:
1) Introduction (here it is important to indicate the issue that will be considered, as well as your position on it).
2) The main part (it is important to indicate the opinions opposite to yours, explain why they have a right to exist, and also give arguments in favor of your opinion).
3) Conclusion (in this section, you once again express your point of view in other words).

Useful phrases:

In order to express your own opinion:
to my mind,… - my opinion
in my opinion / view… - I find…
I firmly believe... - I am firmly convinced ...
I am (not) convinced that... - I'm not sure if ...
I (definitely) feel / think that… - I definitely think that…
it seems / appears to me... - it looks like ...

Points to consider essays

The Problem and Solutions essay is written in a formal style. It is important to pose the problem, then consider ways to solve it.

Structure:
1) Introduction (this is where you state the problem).
2) The main part (it is important to show possible ways to solve the problem and its consequences).
3) Conclusion (in this section you express your own opinion on how to solve the problem).

Useful phrases:

To explain the situation:
because- because
due to (the fact that) - due to something
the reason is that- The reason is that
thus- thus
consequently- in the result
so that... - thus
in order to... - to
with the purpose of- with the aim of
intention of (+ ing) - with the intention

To express the likelihood:
it can / could / may / might be… - Maybe...
it is possible- Maybe
unlikely- unlikely
foreseeable- foreseeable
certain that... - I'm sure that ...
the likelihood- probability

Vocabulary and grammar in English essays:

It's generally believed that ...	It is believed that ...
Secondly, many people claim that ...	Secondly, many claim that ...
An advantage, of… is…	The advantage of this is that ...
On the other hand, it is often claimed that ...	On the other hand, it is always said that ...
In addition most people would agree that the most serious disadvantage of ... is ...	In addition, many would agree that the biggest drawback is ...
Furthermore, it is generally believed that ...	Moreover, it is generally accepted that ...
Taking everything into consideration ...	Taking everything into consideration ...
Although, it must be said that there is no absolute answer to the question of ...	However, it should be said that there is no definite answer to this question ...
Thus, no one can deny or raise an objection against the fact that ...	Thus, no one can deny or object to the fact that ...
In the first place, it is my belief that ...	First of all, I believe that ...
Secondly, what is more efficient ...	Second, what is more rational ...
This can be clearly shown by the fact that ...	This may clearly show the fact that ...
In contrast, it must be admitted that ...	In contrast, one might add that ...
Taking everything in account, it must be said that ...	All things considered, it should be said that ...
People should focus their attention on ways to overcome the problem of ...	People should focus on ways to solve the problem ...
As the result ...	As a result ...
Secondly, the alternative way to solve the problem of ... would be ...	Secondly, an alternative solution to the problem would be ...
One final suggestion, which would help enormously, is to ...	One final decision that will certainly help ...
To sum up, there are several measures which could be taken to improve ...	To summarize, there are several steps to take ...

Rules for writing essays in English

Stick to structure. Don't forget to use the draft. Take notes, outline a plan for writing an essay in English, jot down a list of all the arguments before you start writing. It is important to be fully armed and ready for any topic.

It is best to prepare for writing English essays in advance, and write them the more, the better. Thus, no matter what topic you come across, you can develop it based on the knowledge and experience that you received during the preparation.

The essay may be perfect in content, however, if it contains grammatical errors, everything is lost. Be sure to remember to check your work after writing. It is advisable to do this twice. First, from the beginning to the end, and then in reverse order, read the entire work. The work should be read in reverse order to identify errors in words.

Be sure to follow the style of one of the three types of essays throughout your work. It is important to be specific in the essay, but you should not make it too short. Most often, an essay consists of 180-320 words, depending on the purpose of writing. Don't forget about linking words. They show the literacy of the author. Use quotes that support this or that opinion.

Important! TO The number of words in an essay in English usually ranges from 180 to 320 words.

We can conclude that the essay is not as scary as it might seem at first glance. The main thing is preparation. Even after reading just this article, you will already have mastered enough information to understand how to write an essay in English. The matter is small - practice. Write as many essays as possible, be inspired to write essays in English on a topic unfamiliar to you, whether it's animal rescue or world art trends.

English via Skype - essay preparation

If you still doubt that you will be able to perfectly prepare yourself, we recommend that you try individual training via Skype at our EnglishDom school of English.

Teachers at EnglishDom have repeatedly prepared students for writing essays and more. Our students show excellent results, for which we would like to thank them. In order to make sure of the high quality of teaching at EnglishDom, you can first register on our website and try to train your knowledge, expand your vocabulary with the help of absolutely free content. We are focused on the knowledge of our students, so you can study with us even for free.

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