Matryona Timofeevna's children. Matryona Timofeevna as a bright representative of a peasant woman. Matryona's life before marriage
There are many heroes in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". Some of them pass by. About them it is said in passing. For others, the author spared no space and time. They are presented in detail and comprehensively.
The image and characteristics of Matryona Korchagina in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is one of such characters. Women's happiness - this is what the pilgrims wanted to find in Matryona.
Biography of the main female character
Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina grew up in a family of ordinary peasants... When she meets wanderers, she is only 38 years old, but for some reason she calls herself an "old woman." So quickly the life of a peasant flies by. God gave the woman children - she has 5 sons. One (firstborn) died. Why are only sons born? Probably, this is the belief in the appearance in Russia of a new generation of heroes, honest and strong as a mother.
According to Matryona, she was happy only in her father's family... They took care of her, guarded her sleep, did not force her to work. The girl appreciated the care of her relatives, answered them with affection and work. Songs at the wedding, lamentations over the bride and the cry of the girl herself are folklore that conveys the reality of life.
Everything has changed in the husband's family... There was so much suffering that not every woman could bear it. At night Matryona shed tears, in the daytime she spread like grass, her head looked down, anger hid in her heart, but accumulated. The woman understands that everyone lives like that. Philip treats Matryona well. But to distinguish good life from cruelty it is difficult: he whips his wife with a whip to the blood, goes to work, leaves one with the children in a hated family. The girl does not require much attention to herself: a silk scarf and sledding return her to cheerful singing.
The vocation of a Russian peasant woman is to raise children... She becomes a real heroine, courageous and strong. Grief is on the heels. The first son, Demushka, dies. Grandfather Savely could not save him. The authorities mock the mother. They torment the child's body in front of her eyes, pictures of horror remain in her memory for life. Another son gave the sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Matryona defended the boy by standing in his place for punishment. A mother's love is strong:
"Who can endure, so mother!".
Korchagina defended her husband. The pregnant woman went to the governor with a request not to take him into the army.
Woman's appearance
Nekrasov describes Matryona with love. He recognizes her beauty and amazing attractiveness. Some features for modern reader are not characteristic of beauty, but this only confirms how the attitude towards appearance has changed over the centuries:
- "Handsome" figure;
- "Wide" back;
- "Dense" in body;
- Kholmogory cow.
Most of the characteristics are a manifestation of the tenderness of the author. Beautiful dark hair with gray, large expressive eyes with "richest" lush eyelashes, dark skin. Ruddy cheeks and clear eyes. What vivid epithets are chosen by those around for Matryona:
- "Written kralechka";
- "Bulk berry";
- "Good ... good-looking";
- "White face".
- The woman is neat in her clothes: a white cotton shirt, a short embroidered sundress.
Matryona's character
The main character trait is hard work. Since childhood, Matryona loves work and does not hide from it. She knows how to put haystacks, ruffle flax, thresh on a barn. The woman's household is large, but she does not complain. All the strength that she received from God, she gives to work.
Other features of the Russian beauty:
Frankness: telling the wanderers her fate, she does not embellish or hide anything.
Sincerity: a woman does not cheat, she reveals her whole destiny from her youth, shares her experiences and "sinful" deeds.
Love of freedom: the desire to be free and free remains in the soul, but the rules of life change their character, force them to be secretive.
Courage: often a woman has to become a “daring woman”. She is punished, but "arrogance and intransigence" remain.
Loyalty: the wife is devoted to her husband, strives to be honest and faithful in all situations.
Honesty: Matryona herself leads an honest life and teaches her sons to be like that. She asks them to neither steal nor deceive.
Female sincerely believes in god... She prays and consoles herself. It becomes easier for her in conversations with the Mother of God.
Matryona's happiness
Wanderers are sent to Korchagina because of the nickname - the governor's wife. Rarely could anyone from a simple peasant woman become famous in the district with such a title. But did the nickname bring true happiness? No. The people denounced her as a lucky woman, but this is only one case from Matryona's life. Courage and perseverance returned her husband to the family, life became easier. The children no longer had to go and beg in the villages, but it’s impossible to say that Korchagina is happy. Matryona understands this and tries to explain to the peasants: among the Russians ordinary women there are no happy ones, and there cannot be. God Himself denied them this - he lost the keys to joy and will. Her wealth is a lake of tears. The tests were supposed to crush the peasant, the soul was to become callous. Everything is different in the poem. Matryona does not die either spiritually or physically. She continues to believe that the keys to female happiness will be found. She enjoys every day and delights men. She cannot be considered happy, but no one dares to call her unhappy. She is a real Russian peasant woman, independent, beautiful and strong.
Matryona Timofeevna (part "The Peasant Woman")., Based on the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
"Peasant Woman" picks up and continues the theme of the impoverishment of the nobility. Wanderers find themselves in a ruining estate: "the landowner is outside the border, and the steward is dying." A crowd of courtyards released into the wild, but completely not adapted to work, slowly pulls away the property of the master. Against the background of blatant devastation, collapse and mismanagement, laboring peasant Russia is perceived as a powerful creative and life-affirming element:
The wanderers sighed lightly:
Im after the courtyard whining
She looked beautiful
Healthy, singing
A crowd of reapers and reapers ...
At the center of this crowd, embodying best qualities Russian female character, appears before the pilgrims Matryona Timofeevna:
A dignified woman
Wide and dense
About thirty years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
Eyes are large, stern,
The richest eyelashes
Severe and dark.
She is wearing a white shirt
Yes, a short sundress,
Yes, a sickle over his shoulder.
The type of "stately Slavic woman", a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and austere beauty, full of self-esteem, is being recreated. This type of peasant woman was not ubiquitous. The life story of Matryona Timofeevna confirms that it was formed in the conditions of a waste industry, in the region where most of the male population left for the cities. On the shoulders of the peasant woman fell not only the entire burden of peasant labor, but also the entire measure of responsibility for the fate of the family, for the upbringing of children. Harsh conditions honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to rely on his own strength everywhere and in everything. Matryona Timofeevna's story about her life is based on common folk epic the laws of epic storytelling. "Peasant woman", - notes N. N. Skatov, - the only part, all written in the first person. However, this story is by no means only about her private share. The voice of Matryona Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than tells, and sings songs that Nekrasov did not invent for her. "The Peasant Woman" is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost entirely built on folk-poetic images and motives.
Already the first chapter "Before Marriage" is not just a story, but, as it were, a traditional rite of peasant matchmaking taking place before our eyes. Wedding greetings and laments "They are equipping the huts", "Thank you to the hot little boy", "The dear father ordered" and others are based on genuine folk. Thus, talking about her marriage, Matryona Timofeevna talks about the marriage of any peasant woman, about all of their great multitude.
The second chapter is directly titled "Songs". And the songs that are sung here are, again, national songs. The personal fate of the Nekrasov heroine is constantly expanding to the limits of the all-Russian, without ceasing at the same time to be her own fate. Her character, growing out of the national one, is not destroyed in it at all; her personality, closely connected with the masses, does not dissolve in it.
Matryona Timofeevna, having achieved the release of her husband, did not turn out to be a soldier, but her bitter reflections on the night after the news of the upcoming recruitment of her husband allowed Nekrasov "to add about the position of a soldier."
Indeed, the image of Matryona Timofeevna was created in such a way that she seemed to have experienced everything and went through all the states that a Russian woman could have experienced. "
This is how Nekrasov achieves the enlargement of an epic character, ensuring that its all-Russian features shine through the individual. In an epic, there are complex internal connections between individual parts and chapters: what is only outlined in one of them often unfolds in another. At the beginning of The Peasant Woman, the theme of the impoverishment of the nobility, declared in The Landowner, is revealed. The story outlined in the priest's monologue about "at what cost a priest buys the priesthood" is picked up in the description of children's and youthful years Grigory Dobrosklonov in "A Feast for the Whole World".
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work were used materials from the site bobych.spb.ru/
He did not carry a heart in his chest,
Who did not shed tears over you!
ON. Nekrasov
In the works of N.A. Nekrasov, many works are devoted to a simple Russian woman. The fate of a Russian woman has always worried Nekrasov. In many of his poems and poems, he speaks of her hard part. Starting with the early poem "On the Road" and ending with the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", Nekrasov talked about the "female share", about the selflessness of the Russian peasant woman, about her spiritual beauty. In the poem "The Village Suffering is in Full swing", written shortly after the reform, a true reflection of the inhuman hard work of a young peasant mother is given:
Share you! - Russian female share!
It is hardly more difficult to find ...
Talking about the hard lot of the Russian peasant woman, Nekrasov often embodied in her image the lofty ideas about the spiritual power of the Russian people, about its physical beauty:
There are women in Russian villages
With the calm importance of faces,
With beautiful strength in movement,
With a gait, with the gaze of queens.
In the works of Nekrasov, the image of a "stately Slavic woman" arises, with a pure heart, a bright mind, a strong spirit. This is Daria from the poem "Frost, Red Nose", and ordinary girl from Troika. This is Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
The image of Matryona Timofeevna, as it were, completes and unites in the work of Nekrasov a group of images of women peasants. The poem recreates the type of the ". Great Slav," a peasant woman of the Central Russian strip, endowed with restrained and austere beauty:
A dignified woman
Wide and dense.
About thirty years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
Eyes are large, stern,
The richest eyelashes
Severe and dark.
She, smart and strong, the poet entrusted to tell about his fate. "The Peasant Woman" is the only part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", all written in the first person. Trying to answer the question of truth-seekers, whether she can call herself happy, Matryona Timofeevna tells the story of her life. The voice of Matryona Timofeevna is the voice of the people themselves. That is why she sings more often than tells, sings folk songs. The Peasant Woman is the most folklore part of the poem, it is almost entirely built on folk-poetic images and motives. The whole story of Matryona Timofeevna's life is a chain of continuous misfortune and suffering. It is not for nothing that she says about herself: "I am a downcast head, I wear an angry heart!" She is convinced: "It is not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women." Why? After all, there was love in the life of this woman, the joy of motherhood, the respect of others. But with her story, the heroine makes the peasants think about the question of whether this is enough for happiness and whether all the hardships and hardships of life that fall to the lot of the Russian peasant woman will not outweigh this cup:
It's quiet for me, invisible
The mental storm has passed
Will you show her? ..
For me, mortal grievances
Gone unpaid
And the whip went over me!
Slowly and unhurriedly, Matryona Timofeevna leads her story. She lived well and at ease in her parents' house. But, having married Philip Korchagin, she ended up with “girl's will to hell”: a superstitious mother-in-law, a drunken father-in-law, an older sister-in-law, for whom the daughter-in-law had to work like a slave. She was lucky with her husband. But Philip only returned from work in winter, and the rest of the time there was no one to intercede for her, except for grandfather Savely. The consolation for the peasant woman is her firstborn Demushka. But through an oversight of Savely, the child dies. Matryona Timofeevna becomes a witness to the abuse of the body of her child (to find out the cause of death, the authorities perform an autopsy on the child's corpse). For a long time she cannot forgive the “sin” of Savely, that he overlooked her Demushka. But Matryona Timofeevna's tests did not end there. Her second son Fedot is growing up, but misfortune happens to him. Her eight-year-old son faces punishment for feeding someone else's sheep to a hungry she-wolf as shepherds. Fedot took pity on her, saw how hungry and unhappy she was, and the cubs in her den were not fed:
He looks with his head up,
In my eyes ... and suddenly howled!
To spare little son from the punishment that threatened him, Matryona herself lies down under the rod instead of him.
But the hardest trials fall on her lot in a lean year. Pregnant, with children, she herself is likened to a hungry she-wolf. Recruiting deprives her of her last protector, her husband (he is taken out of turn):
... Hungry
Orphans-kids are standing
In front of me ...
The family is looking at them,
They are noisy in the house,
Fugitive on the street
Gluttons at the table ...
And they began to pinch them,
Beat the head ...
Shut up, mother soldier!
Matryona Timofeevna decides to ask the governor for intercession. She runs to the city, where she tries to get to the governor, and when the doorman lets her into the house for a bribe, throws herself at the feet of the governor Elena Alexandrovna:
How will I throw myself
At her feet: “Step on!
By deception, not in a divine way
Breadwinner and parent
They take from the kids! "
The governor's wife took pity on Matryona Timofeevna. The heroine returns home with her husband and newborn Liodorushka. This incident cemented her reputation as a lucky woman and the nickname "governor's wife."
Further destiny Matryona Timofeevna is also full of troubles: one of her sons has already been taken into the army, "twice burned ... God has anthrax ... three times visited." The "Woman's Parable" summarizes her tragic story:
Keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
God himself!
The life story of Matryona Timofeevna showed that the most difficult, unbearable living conditions could not crush the peasant woman. The harsh conditions of life honed a special female character, proud and independent, accustomed to relying on their own strengths everywhere and in everything. Nekrasov endows his heroine not only with beauty, but with great spiritual strength. Not obedience to fate, not dull patience, but pain and anger are expressed in the words with which she ends the story of her life:
For me, mortal grievances
Gone unpaid ...
Anger accumulates in the soul of the peasant, but faith in the intercession of the Mother of God, in the power of prayer, remains. After praying, she goes to the city to seek the truth. She is saved by her own spiritual strength and will to live. Nekrasov showed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna both readiness for self-sacrifice, when she stood up to protect her son, and strength of character when she does not bow before formidable bosses. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is as if woven from folk poetry. Lyrical and wedding folk songs, lamentations have long told about the life of a peasant woman, and Nekrasov drew from this source, creating the image of his beloved heroine.
Written about the people and for the people, the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is close to the works of oral folk art... The verse of the poem - the artistic discovery of Nekrasov - perfectly conveyed the living speech of the people, their songs, sayings, sayings, which have absorbed centuries of wisdom, crafty humor, sadness and joy. The entire poem is a truly folk work, and this is its great significance.
Happy Peasant Matryona
Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, nicknamed the Governor, from the village of Klin - main character the third part of the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" by Nekrasov. This is how the men describe her: “The Kholmogorskaya cow, not a woman! Smarter and smoother - there is no woman. " To answer the question of whether she is happy, Matryona without concealment tells her life and sums up: there have been happy moments in her life (girlhood, matchmaking of the groom, saving her husband from unjust recruitment). She says: “I’m not trampled with my feet, I’m not knitted with ropes, I’m not stabbing with needles.” But can the woman who passed a spiritual storm, the blood of the firstborn, mortal grievances and a whip, but has she not tasted the inexorable shame? By unrepeatable shame, Matryona means the harassment of the master's manager Sitnikov, who, fortunately Matryona, died of cholera.
The keys to women's happiness, according to the legend told by the old praying woman to Matryona, are lost from God himself.
Portrait of Matryona Timofeevna
This thirty-eight-year-old stern woman, already considered an old woman, is peasantly beautiful: dignified, wide, dense, with large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes. Her hair is gray, her skin is dark. For her portrait, Nekrasov uses epithets. Matryona's clothes testify to her hard work: a white shirt, a short sundress (to make it easier to work).
Matryona's maidenhood
Matryona considers her childhood happy. Father woke her up early, but mother felt sorry for her. But peasant life is labor from childhood. At the age of seven, Matryona was already running into the herd, carrying breakfast to her father, grazing ducks, rowing hay. She liked this kind of life: working in the field, bathing, working at spinning wheels with her friends, and sometimes dancing songs.
Matryona's betrothed was a guy from the wrong side (forty miles from her) - the stove-maker Philip Korchagin. Matushka tried to dissuade Matryona: "It's cold there, it's hungry there." Matryona resigned herself to fate.
Matryona's fate in a strange family
Matryona sings the fate of a girl, married into a strange family, to listeners-peasants in folk songs. In the family of her husband Matryona lived like hell. She had to serve the elder sister-in-law Martha, look after her father-in-law so that he would not go to the tavern, endure her mother-in-law's swearing. The husband advised Matryona to be silent and endure. But with him there were "frets". Matryona admits that her husband hit her only once, and does not see anything shameful in this: a wife should not consider her husband's beatings.
But usually the husband stood up for Matryona, as in a hungry year, when the mother-in-law accused the daughter-in-law of hunger, because at Christmas she put on a clean shirt (superstition).
Matryona mother
Matryona has five sons, one has already been taken as a soldier. Twenty years ago, Matryona gave birth to her first child, a son, Dyomushka, with whom a misfortune happened. Nekrasov describes the trouble with the help of psychological parallelism. As a nightingale mother cries about her burnt chicks, which she did not save because she was not near the nest, so at the behest of her mother-in-law Matryona left Dyomushka with her husband's grandfather, centenary Savelich, but he did not save him: the pigs ate the baby.
Matryona's grief is aggravated by "unrighteous judges" who slander her that she was in cohabitation with Savelich, that she killed a child in collusion with him, that poisoned him.
For a peasant woman, life and death are a single continuous process in which everything should be according to the rite. For her, an autopsy is a desecration, a greater misfortune than death: "I do not grumble ... that God has tidied up the baby, but it hurts why they scolded him."
Matryona gave birth to three children in 3 years and plunged into worries: "There is no time to think, nor to be sad," "Eat - when you stay, fall asleep - when you are sick”.
A mother's love for children is boundless, for the sake of children she is ready to oppose God himself. She did not starve the babies on fast days, as the pious pilgrim had ordered, although she was afraid of God's punishment.
For the sake of her eldest son Fedot Matryona suffered a beating with a whip. Eight-year-old Fedot took pity on the hungry puppy she-wolf, who howled as if crying. He gave her the already dead sheep, which at first he fearlessly pulled out of his mouth. When the headman decided to teach Fedot about the sheep, Matryona threw herself at the feet of the landowner, who ordered to forgive the boy and teach the woman.
Matryona is a special peasant woman
Matryona, although obedient to her parents, relatives and husband, is able to analyze and choose, to resist public opinion.
Savely, a former convict, helps Matryona to understand how to live in an unrighteous society. It is necessary to make offerings to the authorities, do not seek the truth from God and the king: "High is God, far is the king." Savely says that you need to endure, because "you are a serf woman!"
Matryona the Governor
Matryona became famous among the peasants and won the respect of her husband's relatives when she saved her husband from the soldier's service, although her older brother had already gone to recruit for his family.
Fearing a difficult future for herself and her children, deprived of their fathers, who will be “pinched and beaten,” Matryona ran at night to ask the governor for mercy. Taught by experience, Matryona gave a two-ruble ruble to the guard, a ruble donor to the doorman Makar Fedoseich for taking her to the governor in time.
The circumstances were favorable for Matryona. The peasant woman threw herself at the feet of the governor's wife and opened her complaint to her: the breadwinner and the parent are being taken by deception, not in a divine way. The governor's wife was kind to her, baptized the boy who was born right there with Liodorushka and saved Philip. For this good deed Matryona orders everyone to glorify and thank Governor Elena Alexandrovna.
- Images of landowners in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
One of the works of Russian literature studied in Russian schools is Nikolai Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - perhaps the most famous in the writer's work. A lot of research is devoted to the analysis of this poem and its main characters. Meanwhile, there are also minor characters in it, which are by no means less interesting. For example, the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna.
Nikolay Nekrasov
Before talking about the poem and its heroes, it is necessary at least briefly to dwell on the personality of the writer himself. The man, known to many primarily as the author of "Who Lives Well in Russia", wrote many works in his life, and began to create from the age of eleven - from the moment he crossed the gymnasium threshold. While studying at the institute, he wrote poetry to order - he saved money for the publication of his first collection of poems. When published, the collection failed, and Nikolai Alekseevich decided to turn his attention to prose.
He wrote short stories and novellas, published several magazines (for example, Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski). In the last decade of his life, he composed such satirical works, as has already been repeatedly mentioned the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Contemporaries", "Russian Women" and others. He was not afraid to expose the suffering of the Russian people, whom he deeply sympathized with, wrote about their troubles and destinies.
"Who lives well in Russia": the history of creation
It is not known for certain when exactly Nekrasov began to create a poem that brought him great fame. It is believed that this happened around the beginning of the sixties of the nineteenth century, but long before the writing of the work, the writer began to make sketches - therefore, there is no need to talk about the time of the idea of the poem. Despite the fact that the manuscript of its first part indicates 1865, some researchers are inclined to believe that this is the date of the end of the work, and not of the beginning of it.
Be that as it may, the prologue of the first part was published in Sovremennik at the very beginning of the sixty-sixth year, and for the next four years the entire first part was published with interruptions in the magazine. It was difficult to print the poem because of the disputes with the censors; however, the censorship "vetoed" many other publications of Nekrasov, and in general on his activities.
Nikolai Alekseevich, relying on his own experience and on the experience of his colleagues-predecessors, planned to create a huge epic work about life and destinies different people belonging to the most diverse strata of society, show their differentiation. At the same time, he definitely wanted to be read, heard by the common people - this determines the language of the poem and its composition - they are understandable and accessible to the most ordinary, the lowest strata of the population.
According to the original idea of the author, the work was supposed to consist of seven or eight parts. The travelers, passing through their entire province, had to reach St. Petersburg itself, meeting there (in order of priority) with an official, a merchant, a minister and a tsar. This idea was not given to be realized due to the illness and death of Nekrasov. However, the writer managed to create three more parts - in the early and mid-seventies. After Nikolai Alekseevich left life, no instructions on how to print what he wrote were left in his papers (although there is a version that Chukovsky found in Nekrasov's documents a record that after the Last One there is a “Feast for the whole world”) ... The last part was published only three years after the death of the author - and then with censorship blots.
It all starts with the fact that seven simple village men met "on the pole path". Met - and started a conversation among themselves about their life, joys and sorrows. They agreed that life is not at all fun for an ordinary peasant, but they did not decide who is having fun. Having expressed different options(from the landlord to the king), they decide to sort out this issue, talk to each of the people voiced and find out the correct answer. Until then - not a step home.
Having set off along with the self-assembled tablecloth they found, they first meet a noble family headed by a mad owner, and then, in the city of Klin, a peasant woman named Matryona Korchagina. The peasants were told about her that she was kind, and smart, and happy - which is the main thing, but in the very last point Matryona Timofeevna dissuades the unexpected guests.
Characters (edit)
The main characters of the poem are ordinary peasant men: Prov, Pakhom, Roman, Demyan, Luka, Ivan and Mitrodor. On their way, they managed to meet both peasants like themselves (Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, Proshka, Sidor, Yakov, Gleb, Vlas and others) and landowners (Prince Utyatin, Fogel, Obolt-Obolduev, and so on). Matryona Timofeevna is almost the only (and at the same time very important) female character in the work.
Matryona Timofeevna: characterization of the hero
Before talking about Matryona Korchagina, one must remember that Nikolai Alekseevich was worried about the fate of a Russian woman throughout his life. Women in general - and even a peasant one, even more so, because she, not only was a powerless serf, she was also a slave to her husband and her sons. It was to this topic that Nekrasov sought to attract public attention - and this is how the image of Matryona Timofeevna appeared, in whose mouth the writer put the main words: that “the keys to female happiness” were lost a long time ago.
Readers get to know Matryona Korchagina in the third part of the poem. Wandering men are brought to her by rumor - they say, it is this woman who is happy. The characteristic of Matryona Timofeevna manifests itself immediately in her friendliness to strangers, in her kind-heartedness. From her subsequent story about her life, it becomes clear that she is an amazingly persistent person, patiently and courageously bearing the blows of fate. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is given some heroism - and her children, whom she loves with all-consuming motherly love, contribute a lot to this. She is, among other things, hardworking, honest, patient.
Matryona Korchagina is a believer, she is humble, but at the same time decisive and courageous. She is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others - and not just sacrifice, but even, if necessary, give her life. Thanks to her courage, Matryona saves her husband, who was taken into the army, for which she receives universal respect. No other woman dares to do such things.
Appearance
Appearance Matryona Timofeevna is described in the poem as follows: she is about thirty-eight years old, she is tall, "dignified", of a dense build. The author calls her beautiful: big, stern eyes, thick eyelashes, dark skin, in her hair - gray hair that appeared early.
Matryona's story
The story of Matryona Timofeevna is told in a poem in the first person. She herself opens the curtain of her soul in front of the peasants who so passionately want to know if she is happy and if so, what is her happiness.
Matryona Timofeevna's life could be called sweet only in girlhood. Her parents loved her, she grew up "like God in the bosom." But the peasant women are married off early, so Matryona had to, in fact, a teenager, leave her father's house. And in her husband's family they did not treat her too kindly: the father-in-law and mother-in-law did not like her, and the husband himself, who promised not to offend her, changed after the wedding - once he even raised his hand against her. The description of this episode once again emphasizes the patience of the image of Matryona Timofeevna: she knows that husbands beat their wives, and does not complain, but humbly accepts what happened. However, she respects her husband, perhaps partly even loves him - it's not for nothing that she saves him from military service.
Even in a difficult married life, where she has many responsibilities, and unfair reproaches are pouring out of the bucket, Matryona finds a reason for joy - and she also tells her listeners about this. Whether her husband came, brought a new handkerchief, or rolled it on a sled - everything excites her, and the grievances are forgotten. And when the first child is born, true happiness comes to the heroine. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is the image of a real mother, recklessly loving her children, dissolving in them. The harder it is for her to survive the loss when a tiny son dies by an absurd accident.
By the time she was thirty-eight years old, this peasant woman had to go through a lot in her life. However, Nekrasov shows her not surrendering to fate, a strong spirit, who stood in spite of everything. The mental strength of Matryona Korchagina seems truly incredible. She alone copes with all the misfortunes, because there is no one to pity her, she has no one to help - her husband's parents do not love her, her own parents live far away - and then she loses them too. The image of Matryona Timofeevna (which, by the way, according to some sources, was copied from one of the author's acquaintances) evokes not only respect, but also admiration: she does not give in to despondency, finding the strength not only to live on, but also to enjoy life - albeit rarely ...
What is the happiness of the heroine
Matryona herself does not consider herself happy, directly declaring this to her guests. In her opinion, one cannot find lucky women among the "women" - their life is too hard, they get too many difficulties, sorrows and grievances. Nevertheless, rumor speaks of Korchagina precisely as a lucky woman. What is the happiness of Matryona Timofeevna? In her fortitude and fortitude: she steadfastly endured all the troubles that befell her, and did not grumble, she sacrificed herself for the people close to her. She raised five sons, despite constant humiliation and attacks, she did not become embittered, did not lose her self-esteem, retained such qualities as kindness and love. She stayed strong man and a weak person, always dissatisfied with his life, cannot be happy by definition. This certainly does not apply to Matryona Timofeevna.
Criticism
Censorship perceived the works of Nikolai Alekseevich "with hostility", but colleagues spoke of his works more than favorably. He was called a person close to the people - and therefore he knew how and what to tell about this people. They wrote that he "knows how to work miracles", that his material is "skillful and rich." The poem "Who lives well in Russia" was called a new and original phenomenon in literature, and the author himself was the only one who has the right to be called a poet.
- Nikolai Alekseevich did not study well at school.
- He inherited a love of cards and hunting.
- He loved women, had many hobbies throughout his life.
This poem is a truly unique work in Russian literature, and Matryona is a synthesized image of a real Russian woman with a broad soul, of those who are said to “enter a burning hut and stop a galloping horse”.
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