Lyudmila Zykina - biography, information, personal life. Lyudmila Zykina: whom did the legendary singer love? Creativity of Lyudmila Zykina

People's Artist of the USSR (1973)
People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1973)
People's Artist of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1974)
People's Artist of the Uzbek SSR (1980)
People's Artist of the Republic of Mari El (1997)
Honored Artist of the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Chevalier of the Order of the Badge of Honor (1967)
Chevalier of the Order of Lenin (June 8, 1979)
Hero of Socialist Labor (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 4, 1987)
Chevalier of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (March 25, 1997) - for services to the state and great personal contribution to the development of Russian musical art;
Chevalier of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (June 10, 1999) - for outstanding services in the field of culture and great contribution to the development of folk songwriting;
Chevalier of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (June 12, 2004) - for his outstanding contribution to the development of Russian culture and musical art;
Chevalier of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree (June 10, 2009) - for his outstanding contribution to the development of Russian musical culture and many years of creative and social activities;
Awarded the medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." (1995)
Awarded the medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" (1997)
Awarded with the "Labor Veteran" medal
Laureate of the VI Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow (1957)
Winner of the All-Russian Contest of Variety Artists (1960)
Lenin Prize Laureate (1970)
Laureate of the State Prize of the RSFSR named after M.I. Glinka (1987)
Laureate of the Prize of Saints Cyril and Methodius Equal to the Apostles (1998)
Laureate of the Ovation Prize (1999, 2004)
Awarded with an honorary diploma from the Government Russian Federation(1999, for a great personal contribution to the development of Russian musical culture and many years of creative work)

“A song created by the people is our priceless wealth. She awakens in us feelings of pride, love for the Motherland. It contains the soul of the people, the life of the people in all its diversity. What could be more beautiful than a loose Russian melody, born on a great land, among a great people. " Lyudmila Zykina.

“I never went on stage without praying to the Lord God, and if I suddenly forget, then when I sing, I get the feeling that my voice sounds bad because I didn’t ask the Almighty for blessing.” Lyudmila Zykina.

Lyudmila Zykina was born on June 10, 1929 in the village of Cheryomushki near Moscow, which has now become a district of Moscow. Her father, Georgy Petrovich Zykin, was a worker at a bakery, and her mother, Ekaterina Vasilievna Zykina, worked as a nurse.

For a long time, Zykina's mother hid information from her daughter that their family was hiding from persecution. The Zykins were dispossessed three times. Zykina's four maternal uncles were shot. The remaining relatives fled from the village, ended up in Moscow - and only because of this they survived. Zykina later recalled about her parents: “I loved my mother. She was from a large peasant family, she worked all her life in a hospital as a nurse. She loved her husband, my father, and forgave him a lot. And he walked. And when they told her about this, she answered: “Are you jealous of me? It is enough for everyone, and most of all for me. " Father appreciated that. He took care of his family and took care of us. " The Zykin family lived without sufficient funds. Lyudmila wanted to dress beautifully, but there was no money for outfits. The father once told his daughter: "Earn yourself." And Lucy did an act that she was later very ashamed of. She secretly took money from her father until she saved up the necessary amount and bought new shoes. The father later found out everything and forgave his daughter.

Lyudmila Zykina told about her childhood in her autobiographical book “At the Crossroads of Meetings”: “My singing“ universities ”began in a hard-working family that respects any work. And from the first steps, from the first sounds, from the first conscious words, I fell in love with the song. My grandmother was from the Ryazan song village, she knew hundreds of choruses, ditties, wedding, round dance songs, lamentations and jokes. Mom also loved and knew how to sing. And they took my father into the house according to the main principle for them - he understood singing and sang himself, he sang always - when he was sad and when he was happy. It happened that neighbors would gather in our house - for no reason even, not on holidays, but just like that - and they say: let's, Zykins, sing. And how they sang, what nightingales they filled! The grandmother will shut up, the mother will come in, the father will echo her. Then I began to sing along. And my elders, all singing masters, stopped to listen to the girl - they respected the song. We did not have such a thing in our house that they interrupted the singing, did not listen to the end, prevented him from pouring out all of himself in the song. In our country, a singing person has always been considered a confessing person, or something, revealing himself to people. And this trust could in no way be offended. "

Since childhood, Zykina has participated in amateur performances, played the button accordion and guitar, her solo debut took place at the age of six. In the House of Pioneers, she sang the song "White Acacia, Fragrant Bunches". True, by her own admission, she was not going to become a singer: “I dreamed of airplanes, I really wanted to become a pilot. I even jumped from a parachute tower. In general, I grew up desperate. I rode a motorcycle, loved football, volleyball. "

Lyudmila Zykina also talked about her love of singing: “My grandmother and mother instilled in me a love of singing in nature, without accompaniment, as if“ to myself, ”quietly. Once at dawn in a summer forest near Moscow, I sang very quietly ... And in the evening the girls working in the nearby field told me that they heard every note. It was a birch forest! When you eat near the birches almost in a whisper, your voice seems clear. "

Before the start of World War II, Lyudmila Zykina studied at the school for working youth. When the Great Patriotic War began, Zykina was 12 years old. Together with adults in 1941, she was on duty at night on the roofs of houses - dropping incendiary bombs with which the Nazis bombed the capital. Then Lyudmila went to work at the Ordzhonikidze plant. For which she attributed to herself several years in employment. Later she said: “I came to my mother and told her that I would go to work tomorrow. She asks - what other job? I explain that - as a turner at the plant. " At the plant, Zykina received the third category and was awarded the honorary title "Honored Ordzhonikidzovite". In the evenings, after working at the factory, 12-year-old Lyudmila fled to the hospital and sang for the wounded soldiers. However, food rations at the plant were meager and the working conditions were very harsh. When his father returned from the front one day, he simply did not recognize his daughter - she was so thin and haggard. And he persuaded his friend, the director of the bakery, to take Lyudmila to his work. Zykina worked there for a little less than a month. Then she got a job in a sewing workshop at the Kashchenko hospital, since her grandmother and mother instilled in her a love of sewing as a child. She also worked as a nurse in a military clinical hospital near Moscow.

Lyudmila did not forget about creativity either. Barely had a free minute, she hurried with her friends to the club, performed in amateur performances. True, Zykina's favorite type of creativity at that time was by no means singing, but dancing. Looking at how dashingly she danced, the friends confidently declared: "Be you, Lucy, a dancer!" In the lobby of the Khudozhestvenny cinema, she did tap dance before the film. For an evening of such work, she was given a loaf of bread.

But fate decided in its own way. From Zykina's memoirs: "Actors, I thought then, are a special, chosen people, both outwardly beautiful, and necessarily gifted, and everyone admires them." Once, while walking around Moscow, Lyuda Zykina and her friends saw an ad for the Pyatnitsky choir. To the proposal of her friends she replied: "If I do, buy me six servings of ice cream." So, on a dare, in 1946 Lyudmila Zykina passed a competition to the famous choir, which became an excellent singing school for her. Vladimir Zakharov, the leader of the choir, then asked her:

Where do you work?

In a sewing workshop.

Come to us.

Do you have a sewing shop? After all, you need blue blood to be an artist.

The commission laughed.

Yes, it's not about that. You will sing in the choir.

Just think, artist! It would be better to learn how to wash!

This is how Zykina's grandmother responded to this news.

Zykina was an absolute nugget. But talent alone will not go far. When she was taught in the choir, no one with the aspiring singer said almonds: “You didn’t sing at the concert, but you ate yesterday’s sour porridge. You do not feel like eating, but you have to, they are forced. So you sang - with a sour look, "- said the harsh truth to Zykina's face, the head of the choir Zakharov. And Zykina had to work on herself. Lydia Ruslanova once said to her: “Girl, you sang Steppe, and your driver is not cold. Sing so that everyone in the audience will get goosebumps from your singing. Otherwise, you shouldn't go on stage either. "

But in 1949, due to the shock of the death of her mother, Zykina lost her voice. She left the choir and got a job at the First Model Printing House, where she was immediately chosen as a Komsomol organizer. The character, temperament and energy reserve of Zykina were visible to everyone around with the naked eye. At a very young age, Zykina came up with an exercise for herself to train her will: she went into a river with terrible leeches and, standing there, counted to three hundred. In addition to leeches, she was fond of parachutes: she jumped from a parachute tower in the park. If at home she was affectionately called Milusha, then on the street it was more severe - Zyka.

Soon the voice returned, and in 1951 Lyudmila Zykina went to the Choir of Russian Folk Song of the All-Union Radio to its leader Nikolai Kutuzov. Zykina asked to listen to her, although she knew that there were no vacancies in his team. But Kutuzov agreed. Zykina sang so well that Kutuzov accepted her into the choir. However, another choir director, Anna Rudneva, had a different opinion at first: “In the first months of Lyusina's work in the choir, I was not sure that she would remain a singer ... she knew that she had a fear of a past illness behind her ... Zykina to sing ". But once the singer Agrafena Glinkina came with the choir to sing. “Lyusya, listening to Agrafena Ivanovna, suddenly starts crying,” she recalled after Rudnev. “I can’t forget those tears of hers. On that day, I realized that I was wrong in my doubts. A person who lives so keenly inside a song, so feels it, cannot stop singing. "

Later Rudneva talked about Zykina: "A year later I heard that Zykina's voice had grown stronger, its range expanded." Moreover, it expanded to such an extent that the composer Rodion Shchedrin had no choice but to literally say the following: “Solemn and bright, wide and strong, gentle and tremulous, the unique Zykino voice. ... It is not often that nature endows a person with such a treasure ... Its versatility and dissimilarity are difficult to classify ... Her voice capabilities turned out to be truly inexhaustible. " And here is what Shchedrin said about his most difficult oratorios in the musical sense to Zykina: “I wrote them for a special unique instrument - for the singer Lyudmila Zykina - and for the orchestra. Are my oratorios repeatable with someone else? Do not know. I just didn't think about it. ... Singing Zykina has a rare sparkling timbre - a white sound. Here everything is together - the voice, its sound power, attitude to the word, the dramatic art of singing. The genesis of this phenomenon is not clear, otherwise it could be cultivated, "educated". But the "white sound" is unique and arises outside the singing and music schools. "

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Other experts spoke about the three-story Zykin voice: "Free flowing highs, beautiful middle, velvety chest notes of the lower register." In other words, “Zykina’s voice is convincing and in low notes, when calmly“ sits down ”on her chest, it is beautiful and well-to-do when the melody, like a lark, soars in height. The top notes in Zykina's voice have an unusually light flight ... Zykina's voice was created by nature itself for Russian songs. " This was the opinion of the author of the words to the song "Orenburg Scarf" by the poet Viktor Bokov.

In the choir, Nikolai Kutuzov entrusted Zykina with mostly drawn-out solo tunes without accompaniment. He did not allow her to sing loudly and force her voice, forced her to listen attentively to the sound of each note, teaching the singer that the sounds were strung one on top of the other, which created the impression of a continuously flowing melody. When the choir announced another competition for the best performance of a solo song, Lyudmila Zykina decided to take part in this competition. She won and became the soloist of the choir. When Zykina sang in the Pyatnitsky choir, she met Stalin. Once after a concert in the Kremlin, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief decided to take a picture with his favorite ensemble and accidentally stood next to the young soloist Zykina.

In 1960, Zykina became the soloist of the Mosconcert. Already a famous singer, in the 1960s she entered the School of Music Ippolitova-Ivanova, where she honed her skills with Elena Gedevanova, and then entered the Gnesins State Musical Pedagogical Institute. “Sergey Yakovlevich Lemeshev stands apart in the list of my teachers, sharing the secrets of his skill with me with great spiritual generosity,” Zykina recalled. - It was he who helped me understand the depth and charm of the Russian romance, Russian folk song. In any of them he found sincerity, sincerity, melody, beauty. That is why his vocal style is in tune with the Russian fairy tale, and Russian poetry, and Russian painting. And his high artistic taste and tact, understanding of the nature of the song, the deepest penetration into its meaning became role models for a whole generation of outstanding singers of our time. The artist was able, like no one else, to convey the true nationality of the Russian song, not allowing himself the effects that were not peculiar to it. His restraint, chaste attitude and great love for the musical heritage of the people became for me the law in my work. "

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“The basis of the Russian school of singing, our musical culture, lies in folk songs,” Lemeshev himself said. - And since the song is the soul of the people, sincerity decides a lot in its interpretation. Without it, there is no song or performance. The people sing a lot differently from how we, professional singers, do. But we don't need to sing like that. We must perform the song in our own way, but always in such a way that the people will take it for theirs. "

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Lyudmila Georgievna turned out to be a worthy student. Her singing was recognizable from one verse, and even one line. Poet Viktor Bokov said about the singer's work: “Lyudmila Zykina sings - and the world hears her soulful voice, her deep sadness, her enlightened joy! There is something dignified, calm, confident, epic in the very appearance of the singer, in her smile, in her bow, in her demeanor. "

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Zykina's nationwide popularity was due to her empathic demeanor on stage, self-esteem and a serious attitude to business. While singing, Zykina did not make unnecessary movements, attempts to dance, even if the song was funny or comic in nature. The singer had a modest and shy smile on her face. The overwhelming majority of the songs of Zykina's repertoire were of a calm measured tempo, without major leaps in the vocal range, melodious, with a wide, long cantilena, and a calm melodic course. Over the years, Zykina created thematic concert programs "For You, Woman", "For You, Veterans", "Russian Folk Songs", "An Evening of Russian Songs and Romances", "Only You Could, Russia" and a number of other programs. The main themes of Zykina's work were Russia, Moscow and the war. In her singing and stage behavior, Zykina personified a strong, simple Russian woman, persistent in work, gentle, restrained, albeit with a strong temperament and powerful emotions - just as Nonna Mordyukova did in cinema, with whom Zykina had personal friendship.

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The singer's repertoire was replenished from two sources: Russians folk songs and songs by contemporary composers. Zykina had her own principles for selecting songs and working with them. She believed that the song belongs to the singer only when he brings in so much of his own that, in essence, “takes” it from the author. Zykina has worked with many authors and composers. Her program included the songs "Ryazan Madonnas" to the music of A. Dolukhanyan, "The Soldier's Widow" to the music of M. Fradkin, "The Orenburg Scarf" by G. Ponomarenko, many songs by Alexandra Pakhmutova. Many leading composers have created works specifically for her voice.

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Zykina's songs reflected everything that the Russian people lived with - joy and sorrow, the memory of what they experienced, the requiem for those who perished, and at the same time the power of the unbroken female character, Nekrasov's ancient beauty and the ability of a modern woman to tell the whole world about her feelings. The song "The Volga Flows" has become the singer's calling card. Zykina sang it much later than Mark Bernes, although this work from his very birth was intended for her. The performance of the song did not work for a long time, but the time has come, and Lyudmila Georgievna sang this song, which is now firmly associated with her name.

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Composer Rodion Shchedrin, who wrote several vocal parts for Zykina, said: “The voice of Lyudmila Zykina is known everywhere. He is distinguished from thousands of others in the most remote corners of our vast country. Solemn and light, wide and strong, gentle and quivering, the unique Zykino voice. This is already a lot - not often nature endows a person with such a treasure. And this, however, is not enough. It is not enough to be not just a singer, but an artist. I am convinced that Lyudmila Zykina is a phenomenon in our contemporary art. This is a big personality, a bright personality. Its versatility and dissimilarity are difficult to classify. She can do a lot. He performs wonderfully the songs of Soviet composers, sings amazingly old and modern Russian folk songs, knows countless weeping, lamentations, sufferings, singing songs, enthusiastically participates in the premiere of a new vocal and symphonic work. We often use the word "talent" to form the adjective "talented" from it, which has become almost mandatory for any review. But speaking about Lyudmila Zykina, I would like to pronounce this word with special meaning. It is talent that characterizes everything she has done in art. It is the talent that illuminates her every performance. The manner of her singing is surprisingly original and modern. We clearly hear the echoes of the ancient traditions of Russian solo female music-making: there was probably something “Zykino” in the voices of the ancestors of our storytellers, village mourners - epic calmness and some kind of aching, desperate “woman's” note. But we definitely hear the intonations of today's Russia, what characterizes the unchanging development of the people, proves that this concept is always in motion, does not stand still.

With friends. Lyudmila Zykina, Alexandra Pakhmutova and Joseph Kobzon.

It is also interesting that Zykina's ability to decorate a melody, inlay it, paint with patterns. This technique is also in the old traditions of Russian folk music, but in Zykina's voice it acquires such naturalness that it seems to have been born by her. Such "complicity" in creativity is an extremely delicate, tactful business that requires absolute taste. The artist also has this rare gift. The singer's performing style should also include constant inner fulfillment, meaningfulness. Each note in her voice literally doubles, triples its meaning. It is therefore no coincidence that the intense attention that always reigns in the hall when Lyudmila Zykina sings. And what meaning does the singer fill every phrase of a folk song, crying! Gogol's words can rightfully be attributed to it that "the most ordinary objects ... are clothed with inexpressible poetry."

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Zykina was popular throughout the USSR. In 1972, Heydar Aliyev, who was then the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, congratulated the famous singer with the title of People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR. Zykina was very friendly with Yuri Gagarin, Marshal Zhukov, composer Georgy Sviridov and singer Lydia Ruslanova. She told about friendship with Gagarin: “We were very friendly ... if it fell out to be together on a trip abroad, on vacation, or just at a concert in Zvezdnoye, we could not stop talking and sing to our hearts content.”

With Yuri Gagarin.

Lyudmila Georgievna was closely acquainted with the Minister of Culture Yekaterina Furtseva. Zykina jokingly called her her "image maker": Furtseva scolded the singer when she began to put on weight and forbade her to drive foreign cars. Lyudmila Zykina loved to tell the story of how once the famous violinist Leonid Kogan gave her a lift in his brand new Peugeot, and the singer got the idea to buy herself a foreign car. In order not to pay the fee, permission from the Ministry of Culture was required. Zykina went to see Furtseva. She was indignant and advised me to buy a new Volga. Only at the beginning of 1997, the Academy of Culture of Russia, of which Zykina was president, presented her with a new Mercedes. But two months later he was hijacked right from the entrance of the Academy. And Zykina bought herself another foreign car - "Chevrolet". Tatyana Svinkova, her unofficial secretary, assistant and housekeeper, said: “About the Volga and Zykino's temperament at the wheel is a separate song. She started driving in 1962. On the road, she never became impudent, did not drive and cut anyone off. But, of course, she broke the rules. Let's say we were driving somewhere and ran into a long line in front of a railway crossing. She went around her and stood right at the barrier. And who will tell her something? She's Zykina! Sometimes she was slowed down by traffic cops. But when they saw who was driving, they immediately took it under the visor and released. At the most, they asked for an autograph. And when during the years of perestroika there were interruptions in gasoline, the girls from the gas station on Shakhovskaya, where she refueled on the way to Mozgovo, always kept a canister of 92 for her. In 1995, during a tour in Saratov, Governor Dmitry Ayatskov presented Lyudmila Georgievna with her last Volga. There were problems with the steering wheel. And it was already difficult for her to drive herself. In 1997, she underwent major surgery. And I stopped driving in general. "

Zykina's work was also loved by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev. She was a real "Kremlin" singer, and not a single gala concert or reception of the Soviet era was complete without her participation. At the same time, participating in all government concerts, traveling around the world and glorifying the Soviet system, Zykina was never a party. She wrote an application for joining the party three times. At first I chose the time unsuccessfully - just after the divorce from her husband. She was called morally unstable and refused. Then she asked that the violinists not be sent to the potatoes and not have their hands crushed. They did not understand and again refused. For the third time, I wrote a statement in ink, not a ballpoint pen; asked to rewrite. I decided: if this happens, then it’s not destiny to be a party.

Zykina not only went to concerts in almost all corners of the Soviet Union, but also often performed abroad. Posters with the name Zykina always meant a full house. After the singer's tour at the Olympia Theater in Paris, the director of this one of the most famous in the world concert halls Bruno Cockatrix wrote her a note on the program, like an ordinary spectator who does not know how to express his admiration for the actress: “With your voice you represent the brightest, brightest art - the art of folk song. Listening to you, I want to laugh, cry, love, dream. "

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During any tour, Lyudmila Zykina was extremely organized and disciplined. Here's what modern producers told about her: “Despite her age, she is an adult, colossally organized artist. She does not allow herself any delays that a star may have, or some kind of unnecessaryness. Absolutely clear, party chain of command. That is, there is absolutely no weakness, no matter what! She takes the situation more seriously than herself. That is, it often happens in our country that if a person sneezes, he cancels concerts, filming, meeting with journalists. She is different. "

The thought of disrupting the concert was unacceptable for her. Once a live broadcast from Zykina's concert was scheduled. But the workers from the technical support of the broadcast promised to pay money for it later. But the workers did not believe that they would repay the debt, and therefore went on strike. Everything fell apart. “We are, we are ready for free, Lyudmila Georgievna! But the equipment has come, here people have to be given money right away, otherwise they won't turn on the electricity, that's all! " - explained the TV men. Lyudmila Zykina took the ring off her finger, took the earrings out of her ears and gave it to her: "Oh, give them everything, let them turn it on." “You see, it was a blow below the belt, when the grandmother for the granddaughter seemed to remove the cross from her chest,” an eyewitness later explained the situation. The proletarians then did not take the Zykino silver, and after a month and a half they patiently waited for the money. Zykina gave an average of 100 - 120 concerts a year. Of these, 30 - 40 concerts were sponsored, that is, free, for soldiers, workers and orphans. Zykina said: “I am used to trusting people, and I trust - I’m not doing politics, but art! But if a person let me down once, I will turn my back on him for the rest of my life, I will just stop noticing. I believe that a person should live honestly, truthfully, and most importantly, do the job he works for. Serve faithfully and honestly, if you undertake. "

Early 1970s. The captain of the river steamer gave up the helm to Lyudmila Zykina, performer of the song "The Volga Flows".

Zykina also successfully toured the United States. “Russians and Ukrainians from all over the United States and even from Latin America came to the concerts of the Osipov Academic Russian Orchestra,” wrote Lyudmila Georgievna. - They vied with each other inviting us to visit, handed over business cards, were offended when they had to refuse. One day in San Francisco, after a concert, I was handed a small parcel. I unfolded and saw several flowers tied with thread. The hotel attendant handed me a note, which I have treasured. Here it is: “Lyudmila Zykina! Thank you from the bottom of my heart for the unforgettable joy that you brought with your performance. Accept this modest bunch of flowers (I can't afford more, because I've been unemployed for a year and a half) as the highest sign of admiration. Glory to the Motherland that raised you! A. Savinko, California ".

In the 1960s, the singer performed in front of Russian emigrants in Los Angeles, where she met the group The beatles... “I didn’t know about them then,” Zykina said. They explained to her who they were. And they were told: the Russian singer is just having dinner in the hall. They wanted to sing with her.

I began to sing "Down the Volga River" with them.

Well, what about them?

And they played along a little.

They say they gave you a guitar and a cross. This is true?

The guitar was not given, this is a legend. And they presented their talisman, such a nice pectoral cross, made of silver. And they said that this cross was consecrated, and it should bring joy to me. So he really brings me joy. I don't wear it around my neck, but I carry it with me all the time in my cosmetic bag. The Beatles are good guys. I liked them at that time. In general, I love all kinds of music, jazz for example. Beat music was just beginning at that time, it was new. Everything was strange and interesting to me. Then I just caught fire: we also need to introduce some kind of such an accent. And I tried to include it in the song "The birch gave me earrings" - such a good song. Good guys".

With The Beatles.

At one of the concerts in Los Angeles, backstage with a bouquet of flowers to Zykina came a native of Ukraine - a black-haired man, the owner of several chocolate-making enterprises, who spoke Russian well. He invited a guest from Russia to a restaurant and offered to marry him. “In the first minute I was simply stunned by surprise,” said Lyudmila Georgievna. I ask: "Why on earth?" “I can’t explain,” he replies, “I like you very, very much.” “But you never know who really likes me,” I say, “the main thing is that I love. And then I want to be not only and not so much loved - I want to be understood and find happiness in this. In my homeland there is a person who owns my heart. So it doesn't work out with marriage, sorry. "

Zykina traveled to Korea five times - first at the invitation of Kim Il Sung, and in last years- Kim Jong Il. They met Kim Il Sung in Moscow in 1947. Then they were friends for a long time. At the celebration of Kim Il Sung's 80th birthday in 1992, she sang three songs in Korean. Once, after a trip to North Korea, Zykina said: “I really liked it when we had big festivals. Holidays - May 1, November ... When preparing for the holiday, how many young people were employed! What wonderful demonstrations! Such beautiful things were shown on Red Square! Spartakiads were - great! It disciplined me. It’s impossible without this. I believe that we have done a great stupidity - we disbanded the Komsomol and the pioneers. Because some organizations must exist to maintain discipline among young people. And then after - when our pioneer organization no longer became - I came to North Korea. The windows of my room overlooked the school. You know, I just sobbed when I saw how in the morning before the start of classes they all lined up on a ruler. In white shirts, in black skirts. With red ties. My heart sank when I saw. "

Zykina's popularity abroad was confirmed by numerous reviews in the press of Germany, Japan, Korea, Austria, France and other countries. Abroad, the Russian singer was applauded by Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Urho Kekkonen, Nasser, de Gaulle, Louis Aragon, Georges Pompidou, Helmut Kohl and many other famous political figures. Her singing was admired by Charlie Chaplin, Mireille Mathieu, Charles Aznavour, Marcel Marceau, Frank Sinatra, Salvatore Adamo, Jean Paul Belmondo, Fernandel, Louis de Funes, Marc Chagall, Rockwell Kent, Van Cliburn, as well as members of the BoneyM bands. Firm "Melodiya" has released a large number of discs, and in the funds of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company there are more than two hundred songs sung by Zykina. In 1982, Zykina became a laureate of the "Golden Disc" prize, awarded by the "Melodia" company, and she was also awarded the "Golden Disc" in Germany in 1969.

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Zykina led a large pedagogical activity: she taught at the Moscow State Institute of Culture. In 1989, she was awarded the academic title of Associate Professor of the Department of People's Choir by the State Committee of the USSR on Public Education, she taught at the Gnesins Russian Academy of Music, and received the academic title of professor. She conducted classes in the specialty "Solo singing" at the department "Choral and solo folk singing" and supervised the training of specialists for creative groups. She was also an honorary professor at the Orenburg State University, an honorary professor at the Leningrad Regional State University, an academician of the humanities at the Krasnodar Academy of Culture and an honorary professor at Moscow State University.

Many of her students have become laureates of international and Russian competitions, honored artists and teachers. So, for example, S. Ignatieva became an associate professor of the Russian Academy of Music named after the Gnesins, S. Gorshunov became a laureate of the All-Union Competition "Young Voices" and an Honored Artist of Russia, N. Krygina was awarded the Grand Prix and the first prize at the All-Union Competition "Young Voices" and became an honored artist of Russia, V. Ftomenko became a laureate of the All-Russian competition of pop artists. And this is just a small part of the list. Zykina was a permanent member of the jury of festivals and competitions of various levels both in the country and abroad. She was the deputy chairman of the jury of the Second and Third All-Russian Folk Song Competitions in 1979 and 1985, and the chairman of the jury of the First Moscow Variety Song Contest in 1979.

Lyudmila Zykina actively participated in the public life of the country. She was a member of the board of the Soviet Peace Fund (now the Russian Peace Fund), where her work was repeatedly noted with thanks and certificates of honor. As a member of the Lenin Moscow Children's Fund, Lyudmila Georgievna took an active part in the fate of children in orphanages. Lyudmila Zykina was also a member of the Presidium of the Russian Cultural Foundation, a member of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on State Prizes in the field of literature and art, a member of the Council for Culture and Art under the President of the Russian Federation. She was repeatedly elected a people's deputy in the Moscow electoral district No. 1. As president of the Russian Academy of Culture, Lyudmila Zykina worked hard to open a Russian art school in Germany, in Moscow's sister city - Berlin. Under her leadership, the construction of a concert complex on the banks of the Moskva River that meets international standards was started in Moscow.

Lyudmila Zykina speaks at the presentation of the Lenin Prizes.

Another side of Lyudmila Zykina's life was her work to preserve and restore the shrines of Orthodoxy, to return to the precepts of Russian patrons of art - Mamontov, Morozov, Tretyakov, to help the elderly and homeless. Lyudmila Zykina was the president of the International Public Charitable Foundation "For Peace and Human". Hundreds of actions of mercy, many of which went directly under the patronage of the Russian Orthodox Church were implemented by this Foundation. On the personal initiative of Zykina, on the eve of the 2000th anniversary of the Nativity of Christ, a book-folding "The Life of Jesus Christ" was published, created by the artists of the creative workshop "Paleshane". On January 5, 2001, the unique book was handed over to His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II, who highly appreciated the publication and personally consecrated its circulation. In an interview, Zykina said: “I have Nikolai Ugodnichek, I have been worshiping him since childhood: my mother taught me this. No matter how I look, she prays to him (we never had icons, she prayed at the corner). Lord, he says, well, help. And I pray before going on stage: Lord, help. In my youth, when there was not enough money, I sang a little in church, in Taganka. I sometimes meet with the rulers - Pitirim, Kirill. I told them that maybe we need to somehow attract people to the church in a new way? In the West, they even perform jazz music in churches, we should also come up with something new, attractive ... I do not regret anything. Because everything that I conceived in life, everything was fulfilled. God always helps me when I ask! He puts me on the right track. You know, he brought me to the people with whom I was supposed to communicate, and from those with whom I did not need to meet, he took me away. I’m actually very superstitious, I couldn’t say this - what if I’ll scare you away? .. But I have lived such a long life that, in general, I’m not afraid of anything, even if the Lord God turns away from me. But I don't think this will happen. "

Lyudmila Zykina became the author of several publications, which reflected the experience of her performing and teaching work. She wrote three books - "Song", which highlighted numerous problems of the performance of Russian and Soviet songs, "At the crossroads of meetings", which tells about numerous meetings on the creative path with both young musicians and outstanding figures of culture and art, and " My Volga flows ... ”, which reflected the experience of performing and teaching work.

In 1997, Lyudmila Georgievna celebrated the 50th anniversary of her creative activity in the Kremlin. During the 6-hour concert, on behalf of the President of the country and the government, the singer was personally congratulated by Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. It is worth noting that he and Zykina had a 30-year friendship - they met when Chernomyrdin worked as an engineer at one of the factories in Orenburg, and Zykina was there on tour. Viktor Stepanovich kissed Zykina on stage, which caused applause turning into a standing ovation. And then he said:

Dear Lyudmila Georgievna, dear! Thank you very much for being there. The greatness of Russia is not only in the vastness and depths, - he said, preparing a compliment to his favorite. - The greatness of Russia is in its people. You are a great actress ... Low bow to you from all Russians!

Chernomyrdin turned to leave the stage. Zykina stopped him:

Wait, don't go. We will sing with you again!

Chernomyrdin returned:

I can ruin the song.

Nothing of the kind, - Zykina reassured him. - From afar d-o-olgo ...

With Viktor Chernomyrdin.

At a concert in the Kremlin, Lyudmila Zykina changed four dresses, the last one was embroidered with pearls, presented to her by the Cossacks from the Kuban. There were many publications in the press about this anniversary concert. L. Yusipova wrote in the newspaper Segodnya: “The concert lived up to expectations: it had“ kitsch ”, and statehood, and loyalty to the authorities, and the friendliness of the latter, and the unhurried rhythm of state celebrations to which this scene was accustomed. But the main thing is that the ability to sing professionally was demonstrated once again. Zykina's smooth and luscious voice was still unusually expressive and emotional with age. In August 1997, 15 CDs were released, on which an anthology of songs for 50 years of Lyudmila Zykina's creative activity was published.

Zykina was a fan ballet art and classical music... She liked to listen to the works of Rodion Shchedrin. She loved the performances of Maya Plisetskaya, Tamara Sinyavskaya and Muslim Magomayev. She also liked songs from the repertoire of Alla Pugacheva and Joseph Kobzon. Lyudmila Zykina told about the modern stage: “I really like Lyuda Nikolaeva, she makes her own way. Not a bad singer Petrova, sings folk songs. A very peculiar, intelligent girl. She has her own something. On the stage, almost no one has a bright personality. They all sing in one tune and all run around the stage, not knowing why. Of the entertainers, I only like Vaikule. She plays up every song, prepares it! She knows why she took the stage. But not to say that she has great vocal abilities. However, it is pleasant to look at it and pleasant to listen to. And there are, after all, more gifted singers, with the best voices but they are doing something incomprehensible. " But sometimes Lyudmila Georgievna was even more categorical in her assessments: “These fucks with naked asses are already tired of them! So I would give it in the face ”.

She devoted her free time to reading books. To the question: “Whom do you like most of the writers?” - Zykina answered: “Viktor Bokov - in my opinion, he is a classic. I love Rozhdestvensky very much. I love Kolya Dobronravov. These people are responsible for the present day. I love Rimma Kazakova. There is a good amateur author in the Smolensk region - Vladimir Sokolov. I love prose: Dostoevsky. The writer was very difficult for me. I got to him for a long, long time. "

Zykina also loved to do embroidery, fishing, and cooking various dishes. When asked about her culinary preferences, she replied: “What is your favorite dish? Somehow I didn’t think about it ... When I invite some people to my house for the first time, then, of course, I think about how to treat them: either make satsivi, or roast beef, or kulebyaka with meat or cabbage. (People who visited her noted that Zykina respected simple food- Olivier salad or boiled blue-eyed potatoes with caviar and herbs). And she herself switched to salads! I got diabetes, in my old age I became sweet. I can only have vegetable dishes now. Grate the carrots, put it on a dish, grate the apple, put it in a second layer, then cabbage, then a trousers, then a layer of finely chopped boiled eggs and again vegetables and fill it with sour cream, dilute with milk or kefir. This is a vegetable "napoleon".

Zykina did not see anything reprehensible in getting married several times. She believed that the change of the second half does not mean anything at all and that the constancy of feelings is generally a rare thing. And she referred to Belinsky that “there is no crime to love several times in life and there is no merit to love only once”, to Tatyana Doronina's three marriages, to Edita Piekha's four, or to Elizabeth Taylor, who changed her seventh decade and gathered around the aisle for the ninth time. Zykina was often offered to marry rich and famous men. But her husbands were men who were little known to the broad masses.

Lyudmila Zykina met her first spouse, an engineer at the Likhachev automobile plant, Vladlena Pozdnov, at the age of 22. Vladlen Pozdnov was from a good family. She met him with her brother - he was a friend of Vladlen - in the fall of 1951. The day before, Zykina had a falling out with her father. After the death of his wife, mother of Lyudmila Georgievna, he went to another woman, and she was going through this change very hard. She felt restless in the house and soon left for her aunt in Podolsk. And she met a man (as it turned out later, who had been waiting for this meeting with her for a year and a half), who surrounded her with warmth and care. His mother, Frederika Yulievna, or mother Lyalya, as she and her husband called her, was very attentive and helpful to her daughter-in-law. She taught her how to cook deliciously, embroider, properly set the table and other women's concerns. Thanks to her, Zykina acquired many essential life skills. In this friendly family, Zykina learned what true intelligence, true kindness, respectful, caring attitude to each other is. They lived with Vladlen for five years and parted in an amicable way. The reason for the separation was a serious difference in temperament between the spouses, and the problem turned out to be insoluble.

Three years later, Zykina, after the concert, returned home late in the evening in a trolleybus. She dozed in a chair. A handsome young man was sitting next to him. Zykina got off at the bus stop, and he followed her. He walked home, posing as a correspondent for the magazine "Soviet Warrior" Yevgeny Savalov. Then he disappeared somewhere. Later it turned out that he went on a business trip on the instructions of the editorial board. Soon Zykina met a new year, 1957, at his home. Evgeny's mom was also an amazing woman - kind, with an open heart, ready to help at any moment.

With her new husband, Zykina became addicted to fishing, finding in her an outlet from the endless touring life on wheels. I bit fish in Istra, in the Urals, on the Volga, on the Oka near Tarusa. I also loved ice fishing. “And even if the fishing was not so rich sometimes,” the singer recalled, “but after a day spent on the virgin snow, I felt rested, vigorous, breathed easily, and sang to her heart's content.” After some time, they began to tell her that in her absence - and the rhythm of the tour then began to increase - her husband began to visit some woman. At first she did not believe, then everything that was told to her turned out to be true. And she said: “You know what, I will not live with you, I do not want to humiliate myself or you. Let's break up". And they parted.

The third husband, Vladimir Kotelkin, taught foreign languages. He was an erudite and interesting person. Kotelkin taught Zykina a lot in art and life. He translated all the materials published abroad about his wife's tour, resulting in two thick volumes. But in 1972 they went their separate ways.

The fourth husband of Zykina was the accordion player and conductor Viktor Gridin. It all started with the fact that Lyudmila invited Viktor to the post of conductor in the ensemble "Russia" that was being created at that time. A few years later, on tour in Germany, Victor proposed to her. They lived together for 15 years and also broke up. To the question: "Why did your marriages fail?" - Zykina answered: “Usually the relationship between a man and a woman is preserved and strengthened when there are children in the family. And we had no children. My work has always been in the first place ... ".

“Men like smart ones. I hate fools. I'm bored with them. And I also love talented ones, I can forgive them a lot. I can forgive nonsense ... "- Zykina confessed. The singer told a reporter in an interview about one situation in which Zykina got into with her last husband: “Once in Australia, Gridin and I went to the beach. We entered the water, sailed from the shore. There is another bather not far from us. And suddenly he disappears under the water, only his hand sticks out! I tell my husband: "In my opinion, the person is drowning." He thought so too. Well, we got this foreigner out - he was like an Englishman "-" Did you somehow explain to him? " - "Where! He was so unhappy. I could not believe that I was still alive. He had no time for "thanks." Yes, and I am far from that - to expect gratitude from someone. "

With Viktor Gridin.

Once Zykina was asked: "What do you think love is?" “But no one knows, - answered Lyudmila Georgievna, - there is no definite answer. This is the most inaccessible of all the great mysteries. " And, after a pause, she continued: “Although I must tell you that in whom there is no love, there is nothing in that. Hugo noticed it already. "

But Zykina herself always showed generosity when parting with her husbands (and in material terms too). “If he found someone better, why should I keep him? To humiliate yourself? Better that he left me beautifully, with dignity. This is my lifestyle. Why unnecessary worries? All the same, a woman intuitively feels when a man is already sad with her. The main thing here is to restrain yourself and not shout, not kick out, not show that you are in pain. You need to help him to leave calmly, and you can love him for some more time. "

Zykina built relationships with her husbands the way her mother taught her. “In this respect, I have to swim, swim, not swim before her, although she was an illiterate person. The father never saw when she was doing what (and she did everything at night). He comes home, sometimes having drunk, and says: "I want sour cabbage soup and buckwheat porridge." And everything is already on the table. So, when I had a husband and we came home, I had one leg at the door, and the other in the kitchen. He will undress for now, and I have already prepared everything. All he has to do is wash his hands and give me everything. I try to keep a man so that he was on a pedestal. I have not humiliated a single husband. No one! Even, it happens, and they call a fool - and this also happened - I was silent. Of course, I could answer in such a way that ... But I don't like to humiliate people. My mother always said to me: “Try to bring joy to people, try to give more than take”.

When a misfortune happened to Viktor Gridin - he became seriously ill, began to donate his liver (the musician contracted the hepatitis virus during a tour in Afghanistan), and doctors stated “cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypotension,” Zykina did everything possible and impossible to prolong Viktor's life. After Viktor Gridin died in April 1997, Zykina never married again. “Lusya steadfastly endured all the hardships,” said the poetess Karina Filippova. - When it came to personal life, she said: "I'm happy!" Once Lucy had a crazy affair with a high-ranking person. Once she got sick with the flu. Temperature - under 40. But she in an open fur coat ran out to meet his car from the Kremlin, and he, throwing it into the snow, kissed like mad. But even that romance ended in nothing ... It is not easy for a woman of this magnitude to find her prince. "

“Aunt Lucy’s personal life did not work out, because for her the stage was above all,” said the singer's niece Elena Temnova. - Yes, and when a woman has a strong character, weak men stick to her. So it was with Aunt Lucy. The strongest alliance she had was with Viktor Gridin. But he could not be with her for a long time. Still, she was always higher in character and position. And what man can handle it? "

Lyudmila Georgievna, as an extraordinary woman, tried to surround herself with unique things. She liked exquisite outfits and jewelry with artistic value. I ordered dresses for myself with the indispensable condition that no one else would have this. Zykina's outfits were legendary. Zykina spent a lot on precious jewelry. For several years there were rumors about Zykina's "romance" with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexei Kosygin. The gossip began after the politician made a toast to the wonderful voice of Lyudmila Zykina at a banquet after one of the government concerts ... In the midst of the so-called "romance" Zykina went on a business trip to Czechoslovakia. She was greeted and served like a queen, presented with a lot of expensive gifts. "Wow, what a welcome!" - Lyudmila Georgievna was amazed, not guessing about the real reason for such a servile attitude towards herself. Everything became clear at the station just before leaving for Moscow. Some of the country's leaders asked Zykina to convey greetings to Alexei Nikolaevich, and when she said that they rarely see each other, because she is a singer, not a member of the government, they were surprised: "Aren't you his wife?" After that, Zykina sold Czechoslovak presents and paid for the dacha.

One of the singer's lovers was Lieutenant General, Hero of the Soviet Union, Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District for Armored Forces Nikolai Filippenko. He himself told his family about his affair with Zykina. For the sake of the singer, he wanted to leave the family, but Zykina did not accept him. And they met at one of the evenings in the Kremlin. On the same evening, an excited and in love, Filippenko told Zykina that if only she called, he would fly to her in any corner of the world. He ordered to invite her to one of the holidays in the Kantemirovsk division, which he commanded during the war. Zykina arrived at the division, where their personal meeting took place. Later on, their meetings became regular. Filippenko arranged for Zykina to perform in the Taman division, at all kinds of events. He was a prominent man who moved in high government circles. One stroke of his biography is noteworthy - in 1953 it was he who was instructed to arrest Beria. “I learned that my stepfather had an affair with Zykina from my mother, to whom Nikolai Mikhailovich was married,” said his adopted son Vladimir. - Mom was grateful to Lyudmila Georgievna that she did not want to break up our family. Although the stepfather loved the singer very much and was seriously going to join fate with her. He himself informed his mother about this, but he never left. I know that he continued to suffer for Zykina, sometimes went to visit her on Kotelnicheskaya embankment, they became friends. He told me about her, said that Zykina dreamed of being a pilot as a child. Once he ordered a shepherd puppy from the kennel for her birthday. The singer explained that she could not accept this gift - the work schedule was tight, there would be no one to watch the puppy. And they gave the dog to me ... Later, when I worked at the Central Committee of the Komsomol, I was instructed to present Zykina with flowers at the event. I got overwhelmed and carried the bouquet with its buds down, like a broom. Lyudmila Georgievna laughed, treated me warmly, she was a very hospitable woman, kind. She gave me her record of songs. Until 1981, she met with her stepfather, and then, it seems, she had a new love. "

Lyudmila Zykina really appreciated friendship. She told about her friends: “I have lived a long, difficult, but beautiful, amazing life. I saw a lot, I met a lot of bright people ... Friends are not chosen! I never made friends by rank. My friends are people with whom I grew up, studied, and worked with. For many years I was friends with Kolya Chikirev. We began to be friends with him when we were nobody - our lathes at the Sergo Ordzhonikidze plant were nearby. Then he became the director of the plant. He was an amazing man ... There are people whom I idolize, communication with them I consider to be happiness. These are Shchedrin, Plisetskaya, whom I love very much. When I communicate with them, my soul becomes easy. And in art they are a standard for me. I love Pakhmutova and Dobronravov very much. Both as musicians and humanly. Somewhere I even tried to follow their example. They fight for every note on the record. Another would say - as they write it down, okay. These are not! Kolya is so careful about the word ... The punctuation mark in singing is so difficult to make, but he can. I am friends with Bystritskaya. With Nikolai Vasilyevich Kutuzov, who directed the radio choir and taught me a lot. I am friends with Katya Semenkina, who was the soloist of this choir. I am also friends with one amazing couple - a professor of medicine and his wife. Warm, close, sympathetic people. At any time I can call them, and they will immediately respond. And I also have a very good pair. She is a physics teacher. He was a pilot during the war, then the Deputy Minister of Culture. I am pleased to invite friends to the dacha. Sit, chat, talk. When I meet with friends, I feed on their energy, gain strength. They say that you get tired of friends ... No. You can get tired while cooking in the kitchen and serving. And then all the fatigue is removed by talking. This is very dear to me, it is simply necessary for me. Yazov, Burlakov - and Starodubtsev. Beautiful people. How could you say that Yazov is an enemy of the people? This is stupidity. Yes, people like Yazov ... He went to war as a boy! For such a person to betray Russia, to betray his people, he would rather shoot himself than do something like that. "

Tatyana Svinkova spoke about the state of health of Lyudmila Zykina in the last years of her life: “Doctor Konstantinov was a stronghold of stability and reliability for Lyudmila Georgievna. When he was near, she was sure that nothing would happen to her.
A doctor appeared in her life after an operation in 2007, when her hip joint was changed. He was involved in her rehabilitation. In the spring of 2009, I had to turn to him again. Lyudmila Georgievna was very bad then. For her sake, the doctor quit his job. He taught her to sit and walk again. And he managed to pick it up. She believed in herself. She believed that people needed her. She had a renewed interest in life. The doctor did not achieve this at all due to the fact that day and night he fed her with drugs. He just talked to her. I took her in a stroller to visit and to the store, so that she herself would choose products. Taught her to eat right. He was a very versatile specialist - he was engaged not only in cardiology and rehabilitation, but he also knew everything about nutrition, and he knew how to cook deliciously. Zykina, on the other hand, had diabetes mellitus since the early 1990s - the consequences of stress and late dinners after concerts. As she joked, "became sweet in old age." Due to diabetes, she was not allowed to eat her favorite fried potatoes, boiled sausage and many other foods. On this occasion, we constantly clashed with her. “I'm Zykina! - Lyudmila Georgievna was indignant. “Why don’t you give me fries?” I'll just try a little! " And when I left for work, her dresser Luda Oskina and Vera, an employee of the Arkhangelskoye holiday home, attached to us, stayed with her. They felt sorry for her, and they immediately offered to fry her potatoes. Dr. Konstantinov helped to solve this problem. He came up with such a snag for Lyudmila Georgievna - he took celery root, peeled, cut and fried in sunflower oil. It turned out one to one, like fried potatoes. But absolutely no harm. "

On the river Derzha. Left in the photo with Lyudmila Zykina - Tatyana Svinkova.

The last years of her life Lyudmila Zykina lived outside the city. Her assistant Tatyana Svinkova told about this time in detail: “The house in Mikhalevo Lyudmila Georgievna built for herself. She loved this place. The first to settle there was the soloist of the ensemble "Russia" Mikhail Kizin. Once, Lyudmila Georgievna and I came to visit him. An unfinished house stood nearby. And then we lived in a state-owned dacha in Arkhangelskoye. And Lyudmila Georgievna caught fire to finish building this house and move to Mikhalevo. She is an "honored builder". How many houses have I rebuilt in my life! The very fact that she did not buy ready-made, but created something herself, brought her positive emotions. At first, we lived with her on the second floor in the garage. Somehow she climbed to the second floor and could not go down until they made a normal staircase. Then we made a bathhouse and lived in a bathhouse. We have such a good bath there that you can live in it. Then they built a small house. The road was asphalted. Lyudmila Georgievna was in a hurry to complete this construction. She went with me to break through gas and electricity. I went to the markets for building materials. I myself chose wallpaper, chandeliers. Then she moved there furniture and things from the previous dacha. She wanted to feel like at home there. In 2008 we lived there for 50 days. At 6 in the morning she went out to the gazebo and sat there until 12 at night, until I practically forcibly took her into the house. In the morning I brought her goat's milk. She walked by herself, without any sticks. And even to the second floor she calmly climbed. "Tan, what are we going to do?" she asked in the morning. “As you say,” I answered. "Let's go to the village!" she suggested. “Let's go,” I agreed. “You have five minutes to get ready,” Lyudmila Georgievna was in a hurry. And I had to help her get dressed, and put some things in the car. And so as not to rush in a hurry, then I collected everything in advance and only after that I began to discuss with her a trip to the village. The last time Lyudmila Georgievna was in Mikhalevo was on Easter on April 15, 2009 ”.

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On June 25, 2009, Lyudmila Zykina was taken to intensive care in a grave condition. On July 1, 2009, she died in Moscow at the age of 80 from cardiac arrest. A few days before her death, Lyudmila Zykina suffered a heart attack. The artist suffered from diabetes mellitus for a long time, and in the 1990s she underwent a difficult hip joint implantation operation.

Moscow said goodbye to Zykina for two days. Everyone could visit the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall. Then the coffin with the singer's body was transported to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, where the funeral service took place on July 4, 2009. The memorial service was conducted by the assistant to the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill, Bishop Mercury. On July 4, 2009, Lyudmila Zykina was buried with military honors at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Zykina found her final resting place on the right hand of the grave of the great ballerina Galina Ulanova and directly opposite the grave of Mstislav Rostropovich. Not far, diagonally, is the grave of the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin.

Lyudmila Zykina toured 92 countries of the world. The total circulation of released records with songs by Lyudmila Zykina is 6 million copies.

In 2008, about Lyudmila Zykina was filmed documentary“Lyudmila Zykina. How can I not love this land ... ".

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In 2009, a documentary film “Lyudmila Zykina. The destiny is to be national! "

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The text was prepared by Andrey Goncharov

Used materials:

Materials of the site www.bclga.com
Materials of the site www.mega-stars.ru
Materials of the site www.genon.ru
Materials of the site www.vmiremusiki.ru
Materials of the site www.c-cafe.ru
Materials of the site www.to-name.ru
Materials of the site www.bo0k.net
Interview with Tatiana Svinkova
Site materials www.eternaltown.com.ua
The text of the article "They did not fulfill Zykina's will", author V. Oberemko
The text of the article by Anna Balueva "Lyudmila Zykina in her memoirs:" I really did not love any of my husbands "

Artistic director and soloist of the State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble "Russia" (-).

Biography

Youth

Lyudmila Zykina was born on June 10, 1929 in Moscow into a working class family. Mother - Ekaterina Vasilievna (1902-1950) worked as a nurse in a military hospital. Father - Georgy Petrovich Zykin (1899-1956) as a worker. In addition to Lyudmila, the family also had a brother, Alexander.

Creative career

In 1957, Zykina became a laureate of the Sixth Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow, and in 1960 - the winner of the All-Russian Contest of Variety Artists.

In 1968 L. G. Zykina performed the vocal part in Rodion Shchedrin's Poetry.

In addition to Russia, Zykina was popular in all republics of the USSR and in many countries of the world. In 1972, Heydar Aliyev, who was then the 1st secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, congratulated the famous singer with the title of People's Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR.

Farewell to Lyudmila Zykina took place on July 3, 2009 at the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall in Moscow. The funeral service took place on July 4, 2009 at the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The singer was buried with military honors on July 4, 2009 at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow, next to the grave of Galina Ulanova.

In August, Sergei Mikhalkov was buried next to L.G. Zykina.

Personal life

Lyudmila Zykina was married four times.

For the first time she married at 22, an engineer at the Likhachev automobile plant, Vladlen Pozdnov.

The second husband of the singer was the photojournalist of the magazine "Soviet Warrior" Yevgeny Svalov.

The third spouse is a teacher of foreign languages, translator and journalist Vladimir Petrovich Kotelkin.

Lyudmila Zykina had no children. The singer herself said in this regard that she wanted to have children, but she always believed that a child is a person who requires tremendous attention, which she could not give due to constant tours.

When Zykina's mother died, the singer lost her voice for one year.

Discography

Vinyl records

The total circulation of released records with songs by Lyudmila Zykina exceeds 6,000,000 copies.

CD

• The Volga River flows, Soyuz, city. Issued on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of creative activity.
• And love is still alive, Melody, 1996
• My love, my Russia (Lyudmila Zykina, Victor Gridin, Vladimir Krasnoyartsev, GARNA "Russia"), Great Hall (label), St.
• Grand Collection. Lyudmila Zykina, Quadro-Disc, g.
• I love you ... Lyudmila Zykina. Anthology of Vocal Art. Collection on 20 discs. Regional charitable public fund "Foundation of Lyudmila Zykina"
• Great performers of Russia of the XX century. Lyudmila Zykina, disc 1, 2, Moroz Records, 2004
• Lyudmila Zykina. Favorite songs, Park Records, 2004
• Cast off Russia (Lyudmila Zykina, Mikhail Kizin, GARNA "Russia"), Park-Records, 2004
• Lyudmila Zykina. 60 years of Victory, Park Records, g.
• Oh my God ... (Lyudmila Zykina, GARNA "Russia", Mikhail Kizin), Park-Records, 2005
• 100 Russian folk songs (Lyudmila Zykina, GARNA "Russia"), part 1, 2, Mystery of Sound, 2005
• Series “MP3 Collection. Anthology of Vocal Art ". Lyudmila Zykina, CDs 1, 2, 3, 4, RAO, First Musical Publishing House, RMG Records, g.
• Lyudmila Zykina. Russian folk songs, part 1, 2, LLC "Bomba Music", g.

Additional facts

Song repertoire

In the repertoire of Lyudmila Zykina there were more than 2 thousand Russian folk songs, works of contemporary composers, Russian romances, as well as songs of the peoples of the world. Duets were recorded with Julian, Mark Almond, Nikolai Rastorguev, Mikhail Kizin. In L. G. Zykina she performed the vocal part in Rodion Shchedrin's Poetry. In the jubilee year, she took part in the performance of another work by Rodion Shchedrin - the oratorio "Lenin in the heart of the people." This work was awarded the USSR State Prize. In addition, over the years, Lyudmila Zykina created thematic concert programs: "You, woman," "You, veterans," "An evening of Russian song and romance," "Russian folk songs," , my Russia ”and a number of others.

Merit

State awards of the Russian Federation and the USSR

• - article in Lentapedia. year 2012.

An excerpt characterizing Zykina, Lyudmila Georgievna

The sixth, the Benigsenists, said, on the contrary, that after all there was no one more efficient and more experienced than Bennigsen, and no matter how you turn, you will still come to him. And the people of this party proved that our entire retreat to Drissa was a shameful defeat and an uninterrupted series of mistakes. “The more mistakes they make,” they said, “the better: at least, the sooner they will understand that this cannot be done. And what is needed is not some Barclay, but a man like Bennigsen, who already showed himself in 1807, to whom Napoleon himself gave justice, and such a person who would be willingly recognized as the power - and there is only one Bennigsen. "
Seventh - there were faces that are always there, especially with young sovereigns, and of whom there were especially many under Emperor Alexander, - the faces of the generals and the outbuilding of the adjutants, passionately devoted to the sovereign, not as an emperor, but as a person who adored him sincerely and unselfishly, as they adored him. Rostov in 1805, and those who see in him not only all virtues, but also all human qualities. Although these persons admired the modesty of the sovereign, who refused to command the troops, they condemned this excessive modesty and wished only one thing and insisted that the adored sovereign, leaving excessive distrust of himself, openly declare that he was becoming the head of the army, himself the headquarters of the commander-in-chief and, consulting, where necessary, with experienced theorists and practitioners, he himself would lead his troops, which alone would bring them to the highest state of enthusiasm.
The eighth, the largest group of people, which in its huge number treated others, like 99 to 1 mu, consisted of people who did not want peace, war, offensive movements, or a defensive camp either at Drissa or anywhere else. there were no Barclay, no sovereign, no Pful, no Bennigsen, but they wanted only one thing, and the most essential: the greatest benefits and pleasures for themselves. In that murky water of intersecting and confusing intrigues that swarmed at the headquarters of the sovereign, it was possible to do a lot in such a way that would have been unthinkable at another time. One, not wanting only to lose his advantageous position, now agreed with Pful, tomorrow with his opponent, the day after tomorrow claimed that he had no opinion about a certain subject, only in order to avoid responsibility and please the sovereign. Another, who wanted to gain benefits, attracted the attention of the sovereign, loudly shouting the same thing that the sovereign had hinted at the day before, argued and shouted in council, hitting himself in the chest and challenging those who did not agree to a duel and thereby showing that he was ready to be a victim of the common good. The third simply begged for himself, between two councils and in the absence of enemies, a lump sum for his faithful service, knowing that now there would be no time to refuse him. The fourth accidentally caught the eye of the sovereign, burdened with work. Fifth, in order to achieve the long-desired goal - a dinner with the sovereign, fiercely proved the correctness or incorrectness of the newly expressed opinion and for this he cited more or less strong and fair evidence.
All the people of this party were catching rubles, crosses, ranks and in this catching only followed the direction of the weather vane of royal favor, and just noticed that the weather vane turned in one direction, as all this drone population of the army began to blow in the same direction, so that the emperor the more difficult it was to turn it into another. Amid the uncertainty of the situation, with a threatening, serious danger that made everything especially alarming, amid this whirlwind of intrigue, pride, clashes of different views and feelings, with the diversity of all these persons, this eighth, largest batch of people hired by personal interests, gave great confusion and confusion to the common cause. Whatever question was raised, let alone a swarm of these drones, not having trumpeted over the previous topic, flew over to a new one and drowned out and darkened sincere, arguing voices with their buzzing.
Of all these parties, at the very time when Prince Andrew arrived at the army, another, ninth party gathered, and began to raise its voice. It was a party of old, reasonable, stately experienced people who knew how, without sharing any of the conflicting opinions, to look abstractedly at everything that was done at the headquarters of the main apartment, and to ponder the means to get out of this uncertainty, indecision, confusion and weakness.
The people of this party said and thought that everything bad comes primarily from the presence of a sovereign with a military court in the army; that the indefinite, conditional and wavering instability of relations has been transferred to the army, which is convenient at court, but harmful in the army; that the sovereign needs to reign, and not manage the army; that the only way out of this situation is the departure of the sovereign with his court from the army; that the presence of the sovereign alone would paralyze fifty thousand troops needed to ensure his personal safety; that the worst but independent commander-in-chief will be better than the best, but bound by the presence and power of the sovereign.
At the same time that Prince Andrei was living idle under Drissa, Shishkov, the secretary of state, who was one of the main representatives of this party, wrote a letter to the emperor, which Balashev and Arakcheev agreed to sign. In this letter, using the permission given to him from the sovereign to discuss the general course of affairs, he respectfully and under the pretext of the need for the sovereign to inspire the people in the capital for war, suggested that the sovereign leave the army.
The empowerment of the people by the sovereign and an appeal to him to defend the fatherland - the very same (as far as it was produced by the personal presence of the sovereign in Moscow) animation of the people, which was the main reason for the triumph of Russia, was presented to the sovereign and accepted by him as a pretext for leaving the army.

NS
This letter had not yet been submitted to the emperor, when Barclay conveyed to Bolkonsky at dinner that the emperor personally wanted to see Prince Andrew in order to ask him about Turkey, and that Prince Andrey had to appear at Bennigsen's apartment at six o'clock in the evening.
On the same day, in the apartment of the sovereign, news was received of Napoleon's new movement, which could be dangerous for the army - news that later turned out to be unfair. And on the same morning, Colonel Michaud, circling the fortifications of Drissa with the sovereign, argued to the sovereign that this fortified camp, set up by Pful and still considered a chef d "? Uvr" of tactics, was supposed to destroy Napoleon - that this camp was nonsense and death Russian army.
Prince Andrew arrived at the apartment of General Bennigsen, who occupied a small manor house on the very bank of the river. Neither Bennigsen nor the sovereign was there, but Chernyshev, the sovereign's aide-de-camp, received Bolkonsky and announced to him that the sovereign had gone with General Bennigsen and the Marquis Paulucci another time this day to bypass the fortifications of the Drissa camp, the convenience of which was beginning to be greatly doubted.
Chernyshev was sitting with a book of a French novel at the window of the first room. This room was probably formerly a hall; there was still an organ in it, on which some carpets were piled, and in one corner stood the folding bed of Bennigsen's adjutant. This adjutant was here. He, evidently tormented by a feast or business, sat on a rolled-up bed and dozed. Two doors led from the hall: one directly into the former living room, the other to the right into the study. From the first door, voices were heard speaking in German and occasionally in French. There, in the former drawing-room, at the request of the sovereign, were gathered not a council of war (the sovereign loved uncertainty), but some persons whose opinion about the impending difficulties he wished to know. It was not a council of war, but like a council of the elect to clarify certain issues for the sovereign personally. To this half-council were invited: Swedish General Armfeld, Adjutant General Wolzogen, Wintzingerode, whom Napoleon called a fugitive French subject, Michaud, Toll, not a military man at all - Count Stein and, finally, Pful himself, who, as Prince Andrew heard, was la cheville ouvriere [the basis] of the whole matter. Prince Andrey had the opportunity to examine him well, since Pful arrived shortly after him and walked into the drawing-room, stopping for a minute to talk to Chernyshev.
Pful at first glance, in his Russian general's badly tailored uniform, which was sitting on it awkwardly, as if dressed, seemed to Prince Andrei as if familiar, although he had never seen it. It included Weyrother, Mack, and Schmidt, and many other German theoreticians of generals whom Prince Andrew managed to see in 1805; but he was more typical of all of them. Prince Andrew had never seen such a German theoretician, who united in himself everything that was in those Germans.
Pful was short, very thin, but broad-boned, of a rough, healthy build, with a wide pelvis and bony shoulder blades. His face was very wrinkled, with deeply inserted eyes. His hair in the front at the temples, obviously, was hastily smoothed out with a brush, and naively protruded from the back with tassels. He, restlessly and angrily looking around, entered the room, as if he was afraid of everything in the big room where he entered. Holding his sword with an awkward movement, he turned to Chernyshev, asking in German where the sovereign was. He evidently wanted to go through the rooms as soon as possible, finish the bows and greetings and sit down to work in front of the map, where he felt at home. He hastily nodded his head at the words of Chernyshev and smiled ironically, listening to his words that the sovereign was examining the fortifications that he, Pful himself, had laid according to his theory. He's something bassist and cool, as self-confident Germans say, grumbled to himself: Dummkopf ... or: zu Grunde die ganze Geschichte ... or: s "wird was gescheites d" raus werden ... [nonsense ... to hell with the whole thing ... (German) ] Prince Andrey did not hear and wanted to go through, but Chernyshev introduced Prince Andrey to Pful, noting that Prince Andrey had come from Turkey, where the war had ended so happily. Pful slightly glanced not so much at Prince Andrew as through him, and said laughing: "Da muss ein schoner taktischcr Krieg gewesen sein." ["That must have been the right tactical war." (German)] - And, laughing contemptuously, went into the room, from which voices were heard.
Apparently, Pful, already always ready for ironic irritation, was especially excited today that they dared to inspect his camp without him and judge him. From this short meeting with Pful, Prince Andrew, thanks to his Austerlitz memoirs, compiled a clear description of this man. Pful was one of those hopelessly, unchanging, before the martyrdom of self-confident people that only Germans are, and precisely because only Germans are self-confident on the basis of an abstract idea - science, that is, an imaginary knowledge of perfect truth. The Frenchman is self-confident because he reveres himself personally, both in mind and in body, irresistibly charming for both men and women. The Englishman is self-confident on the grounds that he is a citizen of the most prosperous state in the world, and therefore, as an Englishman, he always knows what he needs to do, and knows that everything he does as an Englishman is undoubtedly good. The Italian is self-confident because he is agitated and easily forgets himself and others. The Russian is self-confident precisely because he does not know anything and does not want to know, because he does not believe that one could fully know anything. The German is the most self-confident of all, and the hardest of all, and the most disgusting of all, because he imagines that he knows the truth, a science that he himself invented, but which for him is absolute truth. Such, obviously, was Pful. He had a science - the theory of the oblique movement, deduced by him from the history of the wars of Frederick the Great, and everything that he met in recent history wars of Frederick the Great, and everything that he met in modern military history seemed to him nonsense, barbarism, an ugly clash, in which so many mistakes were made on both sides that these wars could not be called wars: they did not fit the theory and did not could serve as a subject of science.
In 1806, Pful was one of the drafters of the plan for the war that ended with Jena and Auerstet; but in the outcome of this war he did not see the slightest proof of the incorrectness of his theory. On the contrary, the deviations from his theory, in his opinion, were the only reason for all the failure, and he said with his characteristic joyful irony: “Ich sagte ja, daji die ganze Geschichte zum Teufel gehen wird”. [After all, I said that the whole thing would go to hell (German)] Pful was one of those theoreticians who love their theory so much that they forget the goal of theory - its application to practice; in love with theory, he hated all practice and did not want to know it. He even rejoiced at the failure, because the failure that resulted from deviating from theory in practice proved to him only the validity of his theory.
He said a few words with Prince Andrey and Chernyshev about a real war with the expression of a man who knows ahead of time that everything will be bad and that he is not even dissatisfied with it. The unkempt tassels of hair sticking out at the back of the head and hastily slicked down temples especially eloquently confirmed this.
He went into another room, and from there the bass and grumbling sounds of his voice were immediately heard.

Before Prince Andrey had time to see Pful with his eyes, Count Bennigsen hurriedly entered the room and, nodding his head to Bolkonsky, without stopping, walked into the office, giving some orders to his adjutant. The emperor followed him, and Bennigsen hurried forward to prepare something and have time to meet the emperor. Chernyshev and Prince Andrey went out onto the porch. The Emperor dismounted from his horse with a tired look. The Marquis Paulucci said something to the Emperor. The Emperor, bowing his head to the left, listened with an air of displeasure to Paulucci, who spoke with particular fervor. The Emperor moved forward, apparently wanting to end the conversation, but the flushed, agitated Italian, forgetting propriety, followed him, continuing to speak:
- Quant a celui qui a conseille ce camp, le camp de Drissa, [As for the one who advised the Drissa camp,] - Pauluchi said, while the sovereign, entering the steps and noticing Prince Andrew, peered into an unfamiliar face ...
- Quant a celui. Sire, "Paulucci continued desperately, as if he could not resist," qui a conseille le camp de Drissa, je ne vois pas d "autre alternative que la maison jaune ou le gibet. , who advised the camp at Drysey, then, in my opinion, there are only two places for him: a yellow house or a gallows.] - Without hearing and as if not hearing the words of the Italian, the emperor, recognizing Bolkonsky, kindly turned to him:
- I am very glad to see you, go to where they are gathered and wait for me. - The sovereign went into the office. After him came Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, Baron Stein, and the doors closed behind them. Prince Andrew, with the permission of the sovereign, went with Paulucci, whom he knew in Turkey, into the drawing-room, where the council had met.
Prince Peter Mikhailovich Volkonsky served as the chief of staff of the sovereign. Volkonsky left the office and, bringing the cards into the drawing room and spreading them out on the table, he handed over the questions to which he wished to hear the opinion of the assembled gentlemen. The fact was that on the night news was received (which later turned out to be false) about the movement of the French around the Drissa camp.
The first one began to speak, General Armfeld, unexpectedly, in order to avoid the presented difficulty, proposing a completely new, by nothing (except the desire to show that he could also have an opinion), inexplicable position aside from the Petersburg and Moscow roads, on which, in his opinion, the army should, having united, await the enemy. It was evident that this plan had long been drawn up by Armfeld and that he now outlined it not so much with the aim of answering the proposed questions, to which this plan did not answer, but with the aim of taking advantage of the opportunity to express it. It was one of a million assumptions that could be made, as well as others, without knowing what character the war would take. Some challenged his opinion, some defended him. The young Colonel Toll, hotter than others, disputed the opinion of the Swedish general, and during the dispute he took out a written notebook from his side pocket, which he asked permission to read. In a lengthy note, Toll proposed another - completely contrary to both Armfeld's and Pfuel's plans - a campaign plan. Paulucci, opposing Tol, proposed a plan for moving forward and attacking, which alone, he said, could lead us out of the unknown and the trap, as he called the Drissa camp, in which we were. Pful during these disputes and his translator Wolzogen (his bridge in the court relation) were silent. Pful just snorted and turned away, showing that he would never humiliate himself to protest against the rubbish he now hears. But when Prince Volkonsky, who was in charge of the debate, summoned him to express his opinion, he only said:
- What should I ask? General Armfeld proposed an excellent position with an open rear. Or the attack by von diesem italienischen Herrn, sehr schon! [this Italian gentleman, very good! (German)] Or retreat. Auch gut. [Also good (German)] Why ask me? - he said. “After all, you yourself know everything better than me. - But when Volkonsky, frowning, said that he was asking his opinion on behalf of the sovereign, Pful stood up and, suddenly animated, began to say:
- They ruined everything, confused everything, everyone wanted to know better than me, and now they came to me: how to fix it? There is nothing to correct. We must do everything exactly according to the reasons I have outlined, ”he said, knocking his bony fingers on the table. - What is the difficulty? Nonsense, Kinder spiel. [children's toys (German)] - He went up to the map and began to speak quickly, poking a dry finger on the map and proving that no chance can change the expediency of the Drissa camp, that everything is foreseen and that if the enemy really goes around, then the enemy must inevitably be destroyed.
Paulucci, who did not know German, began to ask him in French. Wolzogen came to the aid of his principal, who spoke poor French, and began to translate his words, barely keeping up with Pful, who quickly argued that everything, everything, not only what happened, but everything that could happen, everything was foreseen in his plan, and that if there were now difficulties, the only fault was that not everything was fulfilled exactly. He incessantly laughed ironically, argued, and finally, contemptuously abandoned proving how a mathematician abandons the task of verifying in various ways the once proven correctness of a problem. Wolzogen replaced him, continuing to expound his thoughts in French and occasionally saying to Pfuel: "Nicht wahr, Exellenz?" [Isn't it, your excellency? (German)] Pful, as in battle a heated man strikes his own people, angrily shouted at Wolzogen:
- Nun ja, was soll denn da noch expliziert werden? [Well, yes, what else is there to interpret? (German)] - Paulucci and Michaud in two voices attacked Wolzogen in French. Armfeld spoke to Pfuel in German. Tol explained in Russian to Prince Volkonsky. Prince Andrew listened and watched in silence.
Of all these persons, the embittered, decisive and stupidly self-confident Pful was the most excited to take part in Prince Andrei. He is one of all those present here, obviously, did not want anything for himself, did not harbor enmity towards anyone, and only wanted one thing - to put into action a plan drawn up according to the theory he had developed over the years. He was ridiculous, was unpleasant for his irony, but at the same time he inspired an involuntary respect for his boundless devotion to the idea. In addition, in all the speeches of all the speakers, with the exception of Pful, there was one common feature, which was not at the council of war in 1805 - it was now, although hidden, but panicky fear of the genius of Napoleon, a fear that was expressed in every objection. They assumed everything possible for Napoleon, they waited for him from all sides and his terrible name destroyed the assumptions of each other. Pfuel alone, it seemed, and he, Napoleon, considered the same barbarian, like all opponents of his theory. But, in addition to a sense of respect, Pful inspired Prince Andrei with a feeling of pity. From the tone with which the courtiers treated him, from what Pauluchi allowed himself to say to the emperor, but most importantly, from a somewhat desperate expression of Pful himself, it was clear that others knew and he himself felt that his fall was near. And, despite his self-confidence and German grumpy irony, he was pathetic with his slicked hair at the temples and tassels sticking out at the back of his head. Apparently, although he was hiding it under the guise of irritation and contempt, he was in despair because the only opportunity now to test on vast experience and prove to the whole world the correctness of his theory was eluding him.
The debate went on for a long time, and the longer it went on, the more disputes flared up, reaching shouts and personalities, and the less it was possible to draw any general conclusion from all that was said. Prince Andrew, listening to this multilingual dialect and these assumptions, plans and refutations and shouts, was only surprised at what they all said. Those thoughts, which had come to him for a long time during his military activity, that there is and cannot be any military science and therefore there can be no so-called military genius, now received for him a perfect evidence of the truth. “What theory and science could be in a matter in which the conditions and circumstances are unknown and cannot be determined, in which the strength of the war leaders can be even less determined? No one could and cannot know what the position of our and the enemy army will be in a day later, and no one can know what the strength of this or that detachment is. Sometimes, when there is no coward in front, who will shout: “We are cut off! - and will run, but there is a cheerful, brave man in front, who will shout: “Hurray! - a detachment of five thousand is worth thirty thousand, as at Shepgraben, and sometimes fifty thousand flee before eight, as at Austerlitz. What kind of science can be in such a matter in which, as in any practical matter, nothing can be determined and everything depends on countless conditions, the meaning of which is determined in one minute, about which no one knows when it will come. Armfeld says that our army is cut off, and Paulucci says that we have put the French army between two fires; Michaud says that the inadequacy of the Drissa camp lies in the fact that the river is behind, and Pful says that this is his strength. Toll proposes one plan, Armfeld proposes another; and all are good and all are bad, and the benefits of any position can be evident only at the moment when the event takes place. And why does everyone say: a military genius? Is a genius the person who will have time to tell them to pick up the biscuits and walk to the right, to the left? Just because the military people are clothed with splendor and power and the masses of scoundrels flatter the authorities, giving it unusual qualities of a genius, they are called geniuses. On the contrary, the best generals I have known are stupid or absent-minded people. The best Bagration, - Napoleon himself admitted it. And Bonaparte himself! I remember his smug and narrow-minded face on the Austerlitz field. Not only genius and some special qualities are not needed by a good commander, but, on the contrary, he needs the absence of the best higher, human qualities - love, poetry, tenderness, philosophical inquiring doubt. He must be limited, firmly convinced that what he is doing is very important (otherwise he will not have the patience), and then only he will be a brave commander. God forbid, if he is a man, loves someone, regrets, thinks about what is fair and what is not. It is clear that from time immemorial the theory of geniuses was forged for them, because they are power. The merit in the success of military affairs does not depend on them, but on the person who shouts in the ranks: disappeared, or shouts: hurray! And only in these ranks can you serve with the confidence that you are useful! "
So Prince Andrew thought, listening to the talk, and woke up only when Paulucci called him and everyone was already leaving.
The next day, at the inspection, the sovereign asked Prince Andrei where he wanted to serve, and Prince Andrei lost himself forever in the court world, not asking to stay with the sovereign’s person, but asking permission to serve in the army.

Before the opening of the campaign, Rostov received a letter from his parents, in which, briefly informing him about Natasha's illness and about the break with Prince Andrei (this breakup was explained to him by Natasha's refusal), they again asked him to resign and come home. Nikolai, having received this letter, did not try to ask for leave or resignation, but wrote to his parents that he was very sorry about Natasha's illness and breakup with her fiancé and that he would do everything possible to fulfill their desire. He wrote to Sonya separately.
“The adored friend of my soul,” he wrote. “Nothing but honor could keep me from returning to the village. But now, before the opening of the campaign, I would consider myself dishonorable not only to all comrades, but also to myself, if I preferred my happiness to my duty and love for the fatherland. But this is the last parting. Believe that immediately after the war, if I am alive and you love everything, I will drop everything and come to you in order to hold you forever to my fiery chest. "
Indeed, only the opening of the campaign delayed Rostov and prevented him from coming - as he had promised - and marrying Sonya. Autumn in Otradno with hunting and winter with Christmastide and love Sonya opened to him the prospect of quiet noble joys and tranquility, which he did not know before and which now beckoned him to him. “Glorious wife, children, a good flock of hounds, dashing ten or twelve packs of greyhounds, farm, neighbors, election service! He thought. But now there was a campaign, and it was necessary to stay in the regiment. And since it was necessary, Nikolai Rostov, by his nature, was also pleased with the life he led in the regiment, and managed to make this life pleasant for himself.
Arriving from vacation, joyfully greeted by his comrades, Nikolai sent for repairs and from Little Russia brought excellent horses that delighted him and earned him praise from his superiors. In his absence, he was promoted to captain, and when the regiment was put on martial law with an increased complement, he again received his former squadron.
A campaign began, the regiment was moved to Poland, a double salary was given, new officers, new people, horses arrived; and, most importantly, that excitedly cheerful mood, which accompanies the beginning of the war, spread; and Rostov, realizing his advantageous position in the regiment, devoted himself entirely to pleasures and interests military service, although he knew that sooner or later he would have to leave them.
The troops retreated from Vilna for various complex state, political and tactical reasons. Each step of the retreat was accompanied by a complex play of interests, conclusions and passions in the main headquarters. For the hussars of the Pavlograd regiment, this entire retreat campaign, at the best time of summer, with sufficient food, was the simplest and most fun thing to do. They could be discouraged, worried and intriguing in the main apartment, but in the deep army they did not ask themselves where, why they were going. If they regretted that they were retreating, it was only because it was necessary to leave the habitable apartment, from a pretty lady. If it even occurred to someone that things were bad, then, as a good military man, the one to whom it occurred, tried to be cheerful and not think about the general course of affairs, but to think about his immediate business. At first, they stood merrily near Vilna, making acquaintances with the Polish landowners and waiting and departing for reviews of the sovereign and other high commanders. Then the order came to retreat to the Sventsians and to destroy the provisions that could not be taken away. Sventsians were remembered by the hussars only because it was a drunken camp, as the whole army called the camp at Sventsyan, and because in Sventsiany there were many complaints about the troops for the fact that they, using the order to take food, took horses among the food, and carriages, and carpets from the Polish lords. Rostov remembered Sventsiany because on the first day of entering this place he changed the sergeant and could not cope with the drunken people of the squadron, who, without his knowledge, took away five barrels of old beer. From Sventsian they retreated further and further to Drissa, and again retreated from Drissa, already approaching the Russian borders.
On July 13, Pavlograd residents had to be in serious business for the first time.
On the 12th of July, on the night before the event, there was a violent storm with rain and thunderstorms. The summer of 1812 was generally remarkable for storms.
Two Pavlograd squadrons bivouacked, amidst a field of rye that had already been knocked out by cattle and horses. It was raining, and Rostov, with the young officer Ilyin patronized by him, sat under a hastily fenced hut. An officer of their regiment, with a long mustache extending from the cheeks, who was on his way to the headquarters and caught in the rain, went to Rostov.
- I, count, from the headquarters. Have you heard the feat of Raevsky? - And the officer told the details of the Saltanov battle, which he had heard at the headquarters.
Rostov, shaking his neck, behind which the water was flowing, smoked his pipe and listened inattentively, occasionally glancing at the young officer Ilyin, who was huddled beside him. This officer, a sixteen-year-old boy who had recently entered the regiment, was now in relation to Nikolai what Nikolai was in relation to Denisov seven years ago. Ilyin tried to imitate Rostov in everything and, like a woman, was in love with him.
An officer with a double mustache, Zdrzhinsky, spoke pompously about how the Saltanovskaya dam was the Thermopylae of the Russians, how General Raevskiy performed an act worthy of antiquity on this dam. Zdrzhinsky recounted the act of Raevsky, who led his two sons to the dam under terrible fire and went on the attack next to them. Rostov listened to the story and not only did not say anything in confirmation of Zdrzhinsky's delight, but, on the contrary, had the appearance of a man who was ashamed of what they were telling him, although he did not intend to object. Rostov, after the Austerlitz and 1807 campaigns, knew from his own experience that, when telling military incidents, they always lie, just as he himself lied when telling; secondly, he had such experience that he knew how everything happens in war in a completely different way from how we can imagine and tell. And therefore he did not like Zdrzhinsky's story, and he did not like Zdrzhinsky himself, who, with his mustache from his cheeks, out of habit, bent low over the face of the person to whom he was telling, and pressed him in a cramped hut. Rostov looked at him in silence. “First, there must have been such confusion and crampedness on the dam, which was attacked, that if Raevsky brought his sons out, this could not affect anyone, except for about ten people who were near him, - thought Rostov, - the rest could not see how and with whom Raevsky walked along the dam. But those who saw this could not be very inspired, because what did they care about Raevsky's tender parental feelings when it was about their own skin? Then the fate of the fatherland did not depend on the fact that they would take or not take the Saltanovskaya dam, as they describe to us about Thermopylae. And therefore, why would such a sacrifice be made? And then, why here, in the war, interfere with their children? Not only would I not take Petya's brother, even Ilyin, even this good boy who is alien to me, I would try to put him somewhere under protection, ”Rostov continued to think as he listened to Zdrzhinsky. But he did not say his thoughts: he already had experience with this. He knew that this story contributed to the glorification of our weapon, and therefore it was necessary to pretend that you did not doubt it. And so he did.

Personal life of Lyudmila Zykina has always been shrouded in many legends. She tried to take the best from life, and preferred to marry only the most prominent men. However, they say that almost none of her men she really did not love and parted with them without regret. Her first husband was an engineer at the automobile plant. Likhacheva Vladlen Pozdnov. Then she was twenty-two years old, and she, having already been a soloist of the State Academic Russian Folk Choir. Pyatnitsky, became a soloist of the Mosconcert. After living with her first husband for three years, Zykina broke up with him, having learned that he was cheating on her with her friend. Because of this divorce, a record appeared in her Komsomol personal file that she was morally unstable.

For this reason, Lyudmila Georgievna, upon the first appeal with a corresponding statement, was denied membership in the party. The next man who entered the personal life of Lyudmila Zykina was photographer Yevgeny Svalov, whom the singer accidentally met on a trolley bus. But this marriage was quite fleeting, according to rumors, the second husband of Lyudmila Zykina was also convicted of infidelity. During these years, being in close relations with the then Minister of Culture Yekaterina Furtseva, the singer had great influence and opportunities. She toured a lot, including abroad. The peak of her popularity came at the beginning of the seventies, but in the personal life of Lyudmila Zykina during this period, everything was not as successful as in her career. After a divorce from her second husband, the singer graduated from the Institute of Culture, and for the third time she married a teacher of foreign languages, journalist and translator Vladimir Kotelkin. He courted the singer for three years, but this marriage was as short-lived as the previous ones. Kotelkin saw his family life quite differently. He dreamed of children, a quiet family life and delicious meals prepared by his wife, but People's Artist there was no time at all.

And only in the fourth marriage, Lyudmila Georgievna learned what true love is. Her last husband, Viktor Gridin, was fourteen years younger than the singer, and at the time he met her he was married. For the sake of Zykina, he left the family, but having lived with Lyudmila Georgievna for seventeen years, he never became her official spouse. Gridin is an accordion player, and they were connected with the singer not only by love, but also by common professional interests. A huge blow for Zykina was the news that Gridin fell in love with another woman - a young singer from their own ensemble "Russia" Nadezhda Krygin.

In the photo Zykina and Mikhail Kizin

In the personal life of Lyudmila Zykina there were many novels, but one of the most famous was her relationship with Lieutenant General Nikolai Filippenko, and, at the end of her life, with men much younger than her - singer Mikhail Kizin and psychotherapist Viktor Konstantinov, whom she even intended to marry get married.

When Lyudmila Zykina first went abroad (it was exotic India), she met an old man there who predicted the future. That Indian told her about the future glory, and about the failures on the personal front. She, of course, did not believe a single word. And only years later I realized that the old man was right about everything.

Her creative career began when the young singer, just enrolled in the Pyatnitsky choir, suddenly fell silent. Lyuda Zykina, who was predicted a brilliant future, had her mother died. The shock was so strong that the girl lost her voice due to nervousness. I couldn't even speak, let alone sing ...

But Lyudmila was not even particularly worried about this - this problem seemed so petty to her then. Together with her mother's funeral, she buried her dreams of becoming a singer. Zykina left the choir, got a job at the First Model Printing House, where she sewed brochures without complaining about her share.

And then the first love came to Lyudmila. And with her the voice returned: strong, sonorous, as if she had been doing vocal exercises all this time.

"I COULD NOT FORGIVE the betrayal"

Her first chosen one was called Vladlen Pozdnov, he worked as an engineer at ZiS. Having acquired the status of a married lady, Lyudmila also changed her place of work. After listening to her, she was accepted into the Choir of Russian Song of the All-Union Radio, and she finally fell into her element. After all, music, singing is what was really interesting to her. In addition, the renowned collective periodically went on tour abroad, and she, a young girl, suddenly got the opportunity to see the world.

During her first trip abroad, a mystical incident happened with her. There she met an ancient-ancient old man who, for a small fee, read fortune-telling to everyone. So, he said something incomprehensible to her: “When you return home, you will part with your beloved man, because he is having an affair with another woman. And in general, you will have big problems with your personal life. But you will be known all over the world - I clearly see a star in your forehead. "

Of course, Lyudmila did not take these words seriously, Well, some kind of children's fairy tales - a star in her forehead, world fame... And she was confident in her beloved, as in herself. Even when she returned to Moscow and good neighbors immediately shared the news: they say, some kind of girl came to your house all the time, she continued to believe her husband. After all, when asked directly: does he have a mistress, he assured her that this was all fiction.

And only when, after a while, her friend admitted that she had been living with her faithful for six months, she immediately filed for divorce. “I could not forgive the betrayal,” Lyudmila Georgievna said later. - I spilled out the suffering after breaking up with my husband in my songs. One of them was about treason: "All three quarreled, all three parted ..."

The second time she married a photographer for the magazine "Soviet Warrior" Evgeniya Svalova... He, too, seemed to her the standard of loyalty. At first. However, Eugene, as it turned out pretty soon, had a connection on the side. Zykina did not hesitate with the divorce this time either. “I'm not on my way with traitors,” she said when asked about the reasons for parting with the first two spouses.

Her third husband was considered a high-flying bird. Vladimir Kotelkin was not just a teacher of foreign languages ​​(fluent in three). But most importantly, he served as the personal translator of Patriarch Alexy I. Together with him he went on business trips abroad, accompanied to the wedding of King Constantine in Athens.

The singer lived with Vladimir Kotelkin for ten whole years. For her sake, he even sacrificed his career, turning at some point into her personal manager. And yet - it was Kotelkin who linked Zykina with a bright representative of the Russian theatrical scene - actress Alla Demidova.

LIKE IN "WINTER CHERRY"

The fact that Alla Demidova was the wife of Vladimir Kotelkin - ex-husband Zykina - in none official biography the actress is not mentioned. However, Lyudmila Zykina herself informed the public about this fact shortly before her death. But then she corrected herself that this marriage did not last long.

Therefore, of course, for everyone in the acting world has long become an axiom: where Alla Demidova, there and Vladimir Valutsky- a famous playwright, with whom she has been for more than 50 years. And only close friends of the couple knew that in this family union for some time it was not so simple. Because in the distant 1970s, a third person appeared in their tandem. Or rather, the third, who did not consider herself superfluous at all.

About the history of this acquaintance with Vladimir Valutsky, the actress Nadezhda Repina tells, not really hiding. Back in 1974, on the set of the film "Screen Star" in Yalta, where Nadezhda worked as an extra, fate brought her together with the famous playwright. There their romance began, although both were not free. Valutsky was already married to Alla Demidova at that time. And Repin was awaited at home by her son and husband - director Andrei Razumovsky.

The relationship between the actress and the playwright - tragic, full of love and passion - lasted 14 long years. Later, Valutsky described their story in the script for the film "Winter Cherry". True, Nadezhda Repina assures that everything in their life together was much harsher and more prosaic. Surprisingly, even after the release of the picture on the screens, the romance between Valutsky and Repina did not end - for about three more years they continued to meet. It's hard to say if she knew about this connection legal spouse- Alla Demidova. It is only known that when, in one interview, the actress was asked head-on what she thinks about the fact that her husband made public his personal experiences, she replied vaguely: “Any scenario is not one hundred percent copy of someone’s life, a lot invented, fantasized. "

In any case, Alla Demidova, all such unearthly, behaved quite pragmatically in this situation, allowing her husband to make the decision himself - to leave or stay.

In this regard, Lyudmila Zykina was still more straightforward, not capable of female cunning. If you love - do not change, if you have changed - go away.

And only when the singer was 50, she met a man for whom she forgot about all her principles.

"ZYKINA, I WANT A CHILD FROM YOU!"

Victor Gridin, a virtuoso accordion player, met Zykina during a secular reception. They began to live together almost immediately. Viktor was not embarrassed by the fact that his legal wife and two children were waiting for him at home, or even a significant age difference - he was almost 15 years younger than Zykina. After some time, Gridin divorced and formalized his relationship with the singer.

They lived together for 17 stellar years. Their family tandem soon grew into a creative one. Together, Zykina and Gridin created the musical group "Russia", with which they traveled to more than a hundred countries.

But then a third appeared in this union, which was able to destroy this marriage. Nadezhda Krygina also sang folk songs. But she had one indisputable advantage - youth.

"What should I do? Loved so much. She is, of course, beautiful, young, "- shrug Zykina, trying to pretend that she took parting with her husband for granted. And only close friends of the singer told how difficult she was going through this divorce, how she tried to keep her husband.

True, the new union did not last long. Gridin began to kiss the bottle and burned out in a matter of years - he was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver.

“If I blame her for anything, it’s only because she was unable to save Viktor Fedorovich,” Lyudmila Georgievna admitted in an interview. “All 17 years I fought with his friends and acquaintances who brought him vodka. But as soon as he married Nadezhda, invitations all over again went to a feast, then to someone at the dacha. He died in four years ... "

In addition to the official marriage of Lyudmila Zykina, there were many more novels. Both real and imagined. Since she was always favored by the powerful of this world, it was with them that the popular rumor connected the singer. So, among her fans were the leader of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Alexey Kosygin and even the head of the DPRK Kim Jong Il... Moreover, gossip about her marriages with the top officials of states went not only in the USSR. Once in friendly Bulgaria, after a concert, Lyudmila Zykina was urged to convey greetings to Kosygin. “Well, when I see it, then I’ll pass it on,” the singer replied. "Aren't you his wife?" - the audience asked her in surprise.

Also at one time Zykina was "given in marriage" and for Joseph Kobzon... And all because of one phrase that Joseph Davydovich once threw in front of honest people: "Zykina, I want a child from you!" Years later, when the singer celebrated her 75th birthday, Kobzon, mindful of those old conversations, decided to "add fuel to the fire." On stage, he announced: "Zykina, I still want a child from you!" “Joseph, the train has already left,” sighed Lyudmila Georgievna. "The train may have left, but the whistle remained!" - Kobzon joked in response. Of course, the talk about their romance was just talk ...

And the real fact - here it is, rather sad: Lyudmila Zykina, a star who was worshiped by thousands of music lovers around the world, died alone. Apparently, one of her songs turned out to be prophetic, where there are such lines: “Again one, but not my fault. I am simply sentenced to the stage "...

Music section publications

Lyudmila Zykina. The singer who dreamed of flying

Ludmila Zykina went through a real labor school before the stage - a turner, a nurse, a seamstress. But at the audition for the Pyatnitsky choir, 18-year-old Lyudmila was chosen out of 400 applicants. So the oldest choral group in Russia became the first singing school for Zykina.

"Honored Ordzhonikidzovite"

Lyudmila Zykina
Photo: vmiremusiki.ru

"One of the most expensive awards" - so said the world famous singer about the first insignia in his life. This was the honorary title that 12-year-old Lucy received while working at the factory during the war. The prosperous Moscow childhood of a girl from a working-class family ended, as for all wartime children, in 1941.

She entered the Ordzhonikidze machine-tool plant and helped the front, working as a turner. At the same time, in the newspaper Bolshevik Machine-Tool Plant, the girl wrote a note, having received the third work category: “Now, passing through the plant, I see a poster“ How did you help the front? ” and proudly think: "Yes, I am doing work that helps my beloved homeland."

Choir controversy

For the first time, Lucy sang in public in the fourth grade. At a concert in the House of Pioneers, she sang the romance "White Acacia Bunches of Fragrant". She also sang during the war. After working at the plant, she performed in front of the wounded in the hospital, and in peacetime - in the Cheryomushkin club and the Khudozhestvenny cinema.

Lyudmila Zykina ended up in the choir named after Pyatnitsky by accident. It was just that in 1946 I saw an ad for a set and argued with my girlfriends for six servings of ice cream that would go to the audition. As a result, she ended up in the famous choir. On the occasion, the young singer also met Stalin. After the concert, he decided to take a picture with his favorite band and ended up next to Lyudmila Zykina.

But three years later, a misfortune happened - the singer's mother died, and Lyudmila Zykina lost her voice. I had to leave the stage. She went to work in a printing house - printed brochures and tried not to lose heart. A year passed, and the voice sounded again - already on the air. Zykina joined the Russian song choir of the House of Radio.

Lyudmila Zykina

Lyudmila Zykina. Photo: aif.ru

Lyudmila Zykina

Musical baggage

13 years of work in choral groups and victories in many prestigious shows - from the All-Russian Competition for Young Performers in 1947 to the All-Russian Competition of Variety Artists in 1960. Zykina thought about a solo career and in the same year she became a soloist of the Mosconcert. In the era of Lydia Ruslanova and Klavdia, Shulzhenko tried to remain herself and worked a lot, not giving up any concerts.

In the early 60s, Lyudmila Zykina went to Paris as part of the Moscow Music Hall program. This was the first performance of the artists Soviet stage... Only ballet was well known abroad. The press noted an unprecedented number of stars in one concert, and the emigrants who were sitting in the hall saw for the first time a Soviet singer performing Russian folk songs in the West.

Mother of the ensemble "Russia"

Lyudmila Zykina toured the entire Soviet Union and about 90 countries with concerts. Once on a tour in the United States, the famous impresario Solomon Hurok was so impressed with the performance that he advised the singer to assemble her own compact team. In 1977 the singer creates the ensemble "Russia". The artists called Lyudmila Georgievna “mother”. She directed the musicians for the rest of her life.

The Musical Baptism took place in one of the most prestigious concert halls in the world - the American Carnegie Hall, where the collective gave more than 40 concerts. Since then, the ensemble has recorded more than 30 discs and proudly bears the name of Lyudmila Zykina.

Lyudmila Zykina with the first line-up of the ensemble "Russia", 1972. Photo: trud.ru

State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble "Russia" named after L.G. Zykina

State Academic Russian Folk Ensemble "Russia" named after L.G. Zykina. Photo: tverigrad.ru

Lyudmila Zykina backstage

She loved speed and travel by car. For almost half a century of driving experience in her own "Volga" she traveled around Moscow, Ryazan Territory, Oryol Region, Bryansk, and got behind the wheel to the Caucasus. I dreamed of a foreign car, like the famous violinist Leonid Kogan, after he gave the singer a ride in his Peugeot, but her friend, Ekaterina Furtseva, criticized: “Are you, perhaps, not a Russian singer?” Only after many years did Lyudmila Zykina move to a Chevrolet.

The singer was married four times. And although the proposal to the stately beauty in Chicago was made even by a manufacturer of Russian origin who owns a chocolate production, she chose men without big names. At the age of 22, the singer married an engineer at the automobile plant Vladlen Pozdnov, then became the wife of Yevgeny Svalov, a photojournalist for the magazine "Soviet War", having met him on a trolleybus. The third husband is a teacher of foreign languages ​​Vladimir Kotelkin, the fourth marriage became creative: Lyudmila Georgievna connected her life with the accordion player and conductor Viktor Gridin.