What the Russian people are doing. Russians - nationality, people or ethnos? Major folk holidays

On the events associated with the initial period of the Great Patriotic War... Especially everything related to the catastrophe on the Western Front, which was created on the basis of the Western Special Military District, a catastrophe that has become one of the most tragic pages in the history of the initial period of the war. When literally during the first week, by June 28, Minsk and Bobruisk were captured by the enemy. West of the Belarusian capital, they were surrounded by the 3rd and 10th armies, and the remnants of the 4th army retreated beyond the Berezina. There was a threat of a quick exit of the enemy's mobile formations to the Dnieper and their breakthrough to Smolensk.

Events developed rapidly, and on July 4, on the way to Gomel, where by that time the headquarters of the Western Front was located, the commander of the Western Front, General of the Army D. Pavlov, was arrested. The arrest procedure was personally supervised by the head of the Main Directorate of Political Propaganda of the Red Army, army commissar of the 1st rank Mehlis, who was also appointed a member of the military council of the front. He was also instructed to determine the circle of persons from the command staff of the front, who, together with the former commander, were to appear before the court. As a result, in addition to Pavlov, the chief of staff of the front, Major General V.E. Klimovskikh, Chief of Communications Major General A.T. Grigoriev, commander of the 4th Army, Major General A.A. Korobkov and a number of other military leaders. All of them were removed from their posts, and then brought to trial by the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR and shot.

Is it still not clear and contradictory about the military leader to whom Stalin entrusted one of the country's most important military districts at that time? The district, which was the second in the number of troops, and in the importance of the strategic direction, perhaps even the first, who is General Pavlov? What do we know about this person, except that he did not cope with his duties as a commander, that he lost command of the troops. As a result, the Red Army suffered an unprecedented and severe defeat. In just 17 days, out of 625 thousand soldiers and commanders, the Western Front lost about 420 thousand personnel! As a result, Pavlov was put on trial and shot.

Who is he, Dmitry Grigorievich Pavlov? Studying his biography, it is clear that there is nothing particularly outstanding in it, ordinary biography, like all military leaders of that time. Born into a peasant family, in the First world war volunteered for the front. In the tsarist army, he rose to the rank of senior non-commissioned officer. He was wounded in 1916 and taken prisoner, released after the end of the war. From 1919 in the Red Army, during the Civil War from 1918 to 1920, he was a platoon and squadron commander, and an assistant regiment commander. He joined the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1919. The same biography of Zhukov, Konev, Rokossovsky.
Some researchers impute illiteracy and lack of military education to Pavlov. However, it is clear from his biography that he graduated from the 24th Omsk Infantry School named after the Comintern, the Military Academy named after V.I. MV Frunze and academic courses at the Military-Technical Academy, so that for a commander of those times, education was quite sufficient. Zhukov, for example, did not even have an academic education, but this did not prevent him from leading the General Staff of the Red Army.
Interesting fact from the biography of D. Pavlov. November 1937 to June 1940 he headed the Armored Directorate of the Red Army, and for this he was very a short time Dmitry Grigorievich showed himself to be a pretty good theorist of the use of armored troops and tanks on the battlefield. It was he who first announced the need for a radical revision of tank armament, Pavlov suggested that the infantry escort tanks, which at that time included the T-26, should be left to the infantry, and the T-28 and T-35 should be armed with a 76-mm cannon, in addition, to replace this two tanks, he proposed to develop a new heavy breakthrough tank. The main tank of the Red Army T-34 was also created on the instructions and requirements of the then head of the Red Army ABTV Corps Commander D. Pavlov.

The decision to disband the tank corps in the Red Army before the start of the war caused and continues to cause a lot of controversy, many believed that this was almost a betrayal. However, not everything is so simple, it is interesting that one of the initiators of this decision was D. Pavlov. It was at his suggestion that 15 divisions were created to replace the disbanded directorates of the 4 tank corps, which surpassed the disbanded corps both in the number of tanks, and in combat power, and in the ability to conduct hostilities. The principle of using tank brigades and motorized divisions according to Pavlov suggested that they could be included in rifle corps, combined-arms armies and fronts, and also kept in the reserve of the High Command. What is most interesting, these and many other proposals of D. Pavlov were later implemented not only in the Red Army, but also by our main enemy - the German Wehrmacht. When the Germans attacked the Soviet Union according to the Barbarossa plan, all their tank divisions, with an average of 150 tanks each, were brought together into 4 groups (analogous to the ERP echelon of the Pavlov breakthrough development), according to this principle, they used tank troops in the German tank army " Africa "under the command of the famous Field Marshal E. Rommel.

As can be seen from these examples, Stalin, appointing D. Pavlov to the post of commander of one of the main military districts of the country, apparently took into account that he was a fairly competent military leader, thinking strategically. But as for the availability of combat experience, and especially the experience of leading large formations, here, apparently, there was really the most vulnerable spot in the personal preparedness of D. Pavlov as a commander. But whether it was decisive, in that further tragedy of Pavlov as an army general, commander of the Western Special District, the question has not yet been disclosed. Few of the then Soviet generals had such experience, very few, the only thing that comes to mind is the name of Shaposhnikov, and the fact that he is a pure general staff officer, not a commander.

Further, from the biography of D. Pavlov, it is known that in the early 1920s he served and participated in hostilities in Turkestan against the Basmachi bandit formations in the positions of assistant regiment commander, chief of a fighter squadron and commander of a cavalry regiment, and since 1928 D. Pavlov the commander of the cavalry and mechanized regiments, the commander and commissar of the mechanized brigade, in this position in 1929 he took part in the armed conflict against the Chinese on the Chinese Eastern Railway. In 1936-1937 during Civil war in Spain he fought as a volunteer on the side of the republican government, was the commander of a tank brigade. From these facts it is clear that in reality D. Pavlov was a brave man, went through many, as they say now, "hot spots" but at the same time had the experience of commanding only a regiment-brigade and nothing more. This conclusion, in particular, is confirmed by the memorandum of Colonel-General L. Sandalov, submitted by him to the head of the military-scientific directorate of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces on September 1, 1956, which, in particular, says:

“General of the Army Pavlov, having no experience in commanding military formations (excluding commanding a tank brigade for a short time), after participating in the war in Spain, was appointed head of the Red Army ABTU, and a year before the war - commander of the ZOVO troops. Having neither experience in command and control, nor sufficient military education and a broad operational outlook, General of the Army Pavlov was at a loss in the difficult situation of the initial period of the war and let go of command and control. "

And where at that time it was for Stalin to find commanders with a general staff education, experience in commanding armies and fronts, so D. Pavlov was the military leader of his time and he was not the only one to blame for the fact that the enemy chose the direction of his main attack precisely in the direction of the location of the Western Special District , which he commanded at that time.

According to some modern researchers, allegedly Pavlov's main fault was, first of all, in the fact that he did not fulfill the Directive of the NKO and the General Staff of June 12-13, 1941, prescribing the command of the Western Military District, prescribing, in order to increase combat readiness, to begin the advancement of units of the district to the defense lines according to the plans to cover the spent on the basis of the May Directive of NGOs and General Staff. However, facts show that in mid-June 1941 D. Pavlov sent two messages to Stalin and the People's Commissariat of Defense with a request to withdraw troops to field positions and even tried to obtain permission to partially mobilize parts of the district, and also asked to strengthen the district with communications units and tanks.
Also, according to these researchers, Pavlov, after receiving the Directive of June 12-13, did not give a timely command to withdraw three divisions from the Brest region, which were there for the construction of fortifications. As a result, these three divisions - one tank and two rifle divisions, intended to cover the Brest direction, were destroyed during the first days of the war, which became the main reason for the defeat of the troops of the entire Western Front, and thus an important strategic direction to Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow was opened to the enemy. ...

In this regard, the following questions immediately arise. Where then was the General Staff of the Red Army, which was responsible for the strategic deployment of troops, in whose hands all intelligence information was? Why was the district commander not given timely instructions to withdraw troops from the Brest region? Where was the People's Commissariat of Defense? And these questions, where and why there are many, clear, concrete answers to them are not present.

There are also such researchers who assert, relying on a list of certain facts, even about the betrayal of some of the generals and commanders of a different level on the eve of the war and especially in its first days. So, for example, they cite facts of allegedly malicious withdrawal of military units from the border right in the very first minutes of the war, as a result of which the already small and weakly armed units of border guards remained face to face with an enemy that was a hundred times superior to them. As a result, none of the 435 border outposts on the western borders, unlike the Red Army troops, left without an order, many border guards died in battle, completing their military duty to the end.

It is also interesting that Pavlov was not tried on the basis of the famous 58th article of the Criminal Code. In the course of a closed court session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on July 22, 1941, the articles of the Criminal Code were reclassified, according to which the ZAPOVO command was charged. They were arrested on charges of committing crimes under Art. 63-2 and 76 of the Criminal Code of the Byelorussian SSR (analogous to the famous article 58 in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). However, a harsh sentence was passed on the basis of Art. 193-17 / b and 193-20 / b of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. The wording of the accusation in the verdict was as follows: "for the displayed cowardice, inaction of the authorities, indiscriminateness, for allowing the collapse of command and control, surrender to the enemy without a fight, unauthorized abandonment of combat positions by Red Army units and for the creation of an opportunity for the enemy to break through the front of the Red Army."

"Creating the enemy the opportunity to break through the front of the Red Army" was imputed only to Pavlov himself as the commander of the Western Front.

Stalin, having instructed the re-qualification of the crimes of the command of the Western Front to other articles of the Criminal Code, thereby made it clear to the generals that he did not intend to arrange a global showdown with him, especially like 1937, but if necessary, he could easily do without the famous 58th article.

On July 31, 1957, the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court issued a ruling by which the sentence of July 22, 1941 was overturned due to newly discovered circumstances and the case was dismissed for lack of corpus delicti. Dmitry Pavlov was posthumously restored to the military rank.

The question of who is primarily responsible for the June 1941 defeat remains open to this day.

How many Russians live on Earth?
No - not Russians, not Russian-speaking - namely Russians?
Representatives of the very people who are the essence of Great Russia.
A people who rallied around themselves by the great power of Europeans and Asians, Caucasians and Fino-Ugrians, who together defeated the Third German Empire, discovered the secrets of the peaceful use of atomic energy and made the first flights into space.

A people free to change their rulers, always rebelling, dissenting, but loving their homeland so much.
How many Russians are left in Russia after decades of abuse by the white-blue-red demon, greedy for profit?

Russians are an ethnic community of people represented by the Russian nation. Since ancient times, the Russians had their own national state - Russia. Which later began to be called Russia in the Byzantine way. Most Russians by religion are Orthodox Christians.

Ethnically, Russians belong to the Indo-Europeans, namely to the Eastern Slavs. The closest people to the Russian peoples are Belarusians and Ukrainians, but not only - Slovenes and Serbs are also close in language and culture. The Russian nation is not that old. The self-name "Russian" appeared only in the 14th century and meant "the sovereign man". Of course, before that there was Russia, but Novgorodians, Suzdal, Chernigov, Polonyans and other Slavs lived in it. There was no name for the people, not a single Russian nation. If earlier foreigners spoke "rus", it meant that this person belongs to the Russian princely squad or army, military or trade Russian expedition. The population is ancient Russia he called himself generically "Slavs" or specifically "Kievites", "Novgorodians", "Smolyans", etc.

The Russian is a conqueror of space, always seeking, striving for nature, for freedom. Only among Russians are “nature” and “will” synonymous. “Free! Out into the open! To a new one, happy life! " The Russian needs a change. Lack of change for the Russian clear sign stagnation. By the way, freedom and will are also synonyms for the Russian. As such, the Russian does not need freedom. And it's not about the notorious totalitarian consciousness. Totalitarian consciousness is just an ideologeme. For the Russian, this consciousness does not exist at all. And the main thing is that the soul is spacious and free. No fences, no restrictions - that's all freedom.

Russian people do not like and are afraid of the state. For the Russian, the state is more evil than good. The Russian does not cooperate with the state. Once in the power structures, the Russian does everything for evil, or for his own salvation. The Russian does not serve the state, but serves his people or higher authorities. Having lost the leadership, the Russian is ready to destroy the state apparatus, because it is of no value to him.

The Russian seeks protection from God. For a Russian, God is not love at all, as the Greeks bequeathed, but the highest justice. And although this understanding of God is characteristic of Muslims, Russians are Orthodox. A Russian communicates with God as with a father. We ask for forgiveness and help from him. The father is strict, but there is a kind mother - the Mother of God. She has both special reverence and heartfelt love.

The Russian is a collectivist against his will. He does not want to be like that, but is forced to. Left alone, imagining himself as an individual, the center of the universe, he still speaks to himself as to a people. In the team, the Russian is looking for an excuse for himself. From the collective, he expects his share, and not having received it, he goes to dress. Deprivation and loneliness are synonymous with the collapse of the Russian soul. The Russian always expects that a person-people or a collective will understand and support him, even if not now, but in the future.

Work for a Russian person should be a joy. Otherwise, the work is not going well. And it’s not work, but violence. If work does not bring emotional joy to the Russian, then there will be no outstanding results. Russian loves recklessness in work. For him, work is almost like a feat of arms. The optimal organization of work for a Russian is a game, a dashing venture. A Russian can rest against something for a long time, but he is hardworking only when he is carried away by an idea and in his soul there is an expectation of joy from the result. The result itself is not so happy. The Russian lives by ideas embodied in labor, and not by the product of labor.

Russian is not strongly attached to the family. Only his own hardships or those of his loved ones make him stay in his father’s house. Each of the Russians sees his own path and does not associate it with his family. For a Russian, family and social values ​​always lose to the values ​​of a group created for a specific purpose. For example, to be a master, companion, pioneer, in the end to go for mushrooms with friends, that is, to have your share in a common cause is always more interesting than being the head of the family.

Of course, this is not a complete description of the topos of a Russian person and Russian society, and you can add something else to it, but for self-identification I personally would suggest only three questions:

Is Russian your first language?
Do you consider yourself to be among the Russian people?
Do you consider the history of Russia to be the history of your people?

If you confidently answered “yes” to all three questions, you are a Russian person, even if you’re an arap.

The Russian language is, of course, a determining factor in national self-identification. Spiritual communication and cultural exchange are carried out with the help of the Russian language. Without mastering the Russian language, assimilation is not possible, as the highest act of unity with the Russian people. However, the Russian language alone is not enough. A culture of speech is also needed. Having mastered the Russian language (mainly achieved by the age of 3) and the culture of speech (in the cultural environment, it is reached by the age of 9), having come into contact with the Russian spiritual culture, recognizing the Russian people in our ancestors, we become Russian. Baptized or not, with light brown hair or dark, with a Caucasian hump on the nose or with slanting eyes, but still Russian. To rank ourselves among the Russian people, it remains to answer one more question: do we empathize with the history of Russia? WE are living in Simferopol, New York or Karaganda. Is the history of Russia the history of my people? If a person is indifferent to Russian history, or if he is more interested in the history of the Crimean Khanate, then let him call himself a Russian person three times, but he will not become Russian.

In this sense, we are very lucky with the USSR. It was a huge free country. She did not even have a state language. All languages ​​were recognized as equal, and Russian was used only for interethnic communication. When you look at the chronicles of people's deputies' speeches, it is surprising that they speak Russian, Belarusian, Kazakh, Ukrainian, and are often dressed the way their people do. Many without the European noose tie. But the most important thing is that now they are connected by a common history, a common historical identity. Russians living in Kazakhstan continue to be Russians. The Ukrainian city of Sevastopol continues to be Russian. This is the greatness of the Russian people. All "... Great Russia united forever!"

Peoples can address each other in any language, but Russian is more often used for communication. Does this have anything to do with the Russian people? I think so, because with the collapse of the USSR, a considerable part of the Russian people remained there, outside the Russian state. But due to this resettlement, due to interethnic contacts, the growth of the Russian people was achieved. But, as we will see later, in Russia itself at that time, the Russian population was also growing, including in the Russian outback. In the meantime, let's speculate a little about the fate of the Russian language and the role of education.

The Russian language has been recognized by the UN as an international language. It was spoken by the fourth most populous country in the world. And now among the Europeans most of all people speak Russian. But over time, these positions will be lost. This is due to the extinction of Russian culture and the decrepitude of the Russian state. To characterize the Russian people, it is extremely interesting to see exactly which Russian words have found worldwide recognition, were borrowed from the Russian language for general use. Behind these words are the unambiguous achievements of the Russian spirit, so amazed the rest of the world and so original that either the foreigners could not find words, or the impression of the Russianness of this word was amazing. Globally accepted Russian words are:

Tsar,
vodka,
dacha,
pogrom,
satellite,
steppe,
restructuring.
This is the contribution of the Russian people to world culture.

Everything is at a glance.

So, to become Russian you need to master the Russian language. The mastery of the Russian language is given through education. And public education, in my opinion, is the main function of a modern state. Military power, religious culture - all this will collapse without public education, as the Mongol empires collapsed, as Byzantium collapsed. And it is extremely important what will be taught to our children - a set of Greek archaisms and verbiage of Eastern sages, or national pride and participation in the history of their country. The Slavic world in the Middle Ages was huge. The Slavs understood each other. The disunity introduced by the instruments of power - the state, religion, law, led to the loss of brotherhood, to ignorance and illiteracy. The reason for this was both the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the death of Holy Russia, mocked by the Josephites and the feudal landlords. The collapse of the imperial religion in 1918 is also indicative in this sense.

The religious officialdom collapsed, but the faith remained! The people, having no worthy preachers, but only walkers through the royal chambers and provocateurs, obediently wandered into a bright future, saying goodbye to both fat bloodsuckers and loafers of all stripes. The state is always violence. Religion is always not true. The law is always selective, selective. Objectively, the people, their culture, their faith, economy and heredity remain. If the state structure has a positive effect on the population, if religion has a positive effect on the culture of the people, and the law to increase its wealth - all this is the good of the people. V modern Russia But everything has changed: religion is increasingly influencing the population, the state - on culture, and the law is like a pole ... It was so in tsarist Russia. It was the same under the Soviets. Is that the law was stricter, and there was more order.

For many centuries scientists have been breaking spears trying to understand the origin of the Russian people. And if the research of the past was based on archaeological and linguistic data, today even genetics have taken up the task.

From the Danube

Of all the theories of Russian ethnogenesis, the Danube one is the most famous. We owe its appearance to the chronicle collection "The Tale of Bygone Years", or rather to the centuries-old love for this source of Russian academicians.

The chronicler Nestor determined the initial territory of the Slavs' settlement by territories along the lower reaches of the Danube and Vistula. The theory of the Danube "ancestral home" of the Slavs was developed by such historians as Sergei Soloviev and Vasily Klyuchevsky.
Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky believed that the Slavs moved from the Danube to the Carpathian region, where an extensive military alliance of tribes arose, led by the Duleb-Volyn tribe.

From the Carpathian region, according to Klyuchevsky, in the 7th-8th centuries, the eastern Slavs settled in the East and North-East to Lake Ilmen. Many historians and linguists still adhere to the Danube theory of Russian ethnogenesis. A great contribution to its development was made at the end of the 20th century by the Russian linguist Oleg Nikolaevich Trubachev.

Yes, we are Scythians!

One of the most fierce opponents of the Norman theory of the formation of Russian statehood, Mikhail Lomonosov, leaned towards the Scythian-Sarmatian theory of Russian ethnogenesis, about which he wrote in his "Ancient Russian History". According to Lomonosov, the ethnogenesis of Russians occurred as a result of the mixing of the Slavs and the Chudi tribe (Lomonosov's term is Finno-Ugric), and he named the interfluve of the Vistula and Oder as the source of the ethnic history of Russians.

Supporters of the Sarmatian theory rely on ancient sources, and Lomonosov did the same. He compared Russian history with the history of the Roman Empire and ancient beliefs with pagan beliefs Eastern Slavs discovering a large number of coincidences. The fierce struggle with the adherents of the Norman theory is quite understandable: the people-tribe of Russia, according to Lomonosov, could not have originated from Scandinavia under the influence of the expansion of the Vikings-Normans. First of all, Lomonosov opposed the thesis about the backwardness of the Slavs and their inability to independently form a state.

Gellenthal theory

An interesting hypothesis about the origin of Russians, promulgated this year by the Oxford scholar Garrett Gellenthal. Having done a lot of DNA research different nations, he and a group of scientists compiled a genetic atlas of the migration of peoples.
According to the scientist, two significant milestones can be distinguished in the ethnogenesis of the Russian people. In 2054 BC. e., according to Gellenthal, the trans-Baltic peoples and peoples from the territories of modern Germany and Poland migrated to the north-western regions of modern Russia. Second milestone - 1306, when migration began Altai peoples, which actively interbred with representatives of the Slavic branches.
Gellenthal's research is also interesting in that genetic analysis proved that the time of the Mongol-Tatar invasion had practically no effect on Russian ethnogenesis.

Two ancestral homelands

Another interesting migration theory was proposed at the end of the 19th century by the Russian linguist Alexei Shakhmatov. His theory of "two ancestral homelands" is also sometimes called Baltic. The scientist believed that initially the Balto-Slavic community emerged from the Indo-European group, which became autochthonous in the Baltic. After its collapse, the Slavs settled on the territory between the lower reaches of the Neman and the Western Dvina. This territory became the so-called "first ancestral home". Here, according to Shakhmatov, the Proto-Slavic language was formed, from which all Slavic languages ​​originated.

Further migration of the Slavs was associated with the great migration of peoples, during which at the end of the second century AD the Germans went south, liberating the Vistula River basin, where the Slavs came. Here, in the lower basin of the Vistula, Shakhmatov defines the second ancestral home of the Slavs. Already from here, according to the scientist, the division of the Slavs into branches began. The western one went to the Elbe region, the southern one split into two groups, one of which inhabited the Balkans and the Danube, the other - the Dnieper and Dniester. The latter became the basis of the East Slavic peoples, to which the Russians also belong.

We are local

Finally, one more theory, different from migratory ones, is the autochthonous theory. According to her, the Slavs were an indigenous people inhabiting the eastern, central and even part southern Europe... According to the theory of Slavic autochthonism, the Slavic tribes were the indigenous ethnos of a vast territory - from the Urals to Atlantic Ocean... This theory has rather ancient roots and many supporters and opponents alike. This theory was adhered to by the Soviet linguist Nikolai Marr. He believed that the Slavs did not come from anywhere, but formed from tribal communities that lived in vast territories from the Middle reaches of the Dnieper to the Laba in the West and from the Baltic to the Carpathians in the south.
The autochthonous theory was also adhered to by Polish scientists - Klechevsky, Pototsky and Sestrentsevich. They even led the lineage of the Slavs from the Vandals, basing their hypothesis on the similarity of the words "Wends" and "Vandals". Of the Russians, the origin of the Slavs Rybakov, Mavrodin and Grekov was explained by the autochthonous theory.

Who are the Russians?

Who are Russians - character and culture

Russian national character very controversial and difficult to assess. In an amazing way in a Russian person, positive and negative traits character, as well as completely opposite to each other.

How was the Russian national character and culture formed? Here we can highlight such important factors as:

• the geographical position of Rus;
• Russian nature;
• everyday life of a Russian person;
• adoption of Christianity in the Byzantine version;
• mobilization type of state development.

Let's consider the influence of each factor in more detail.

Geographical position

The Russian state is vast and occupies a position between the European and Asian states. This led to the combination of elements of Eastern and Western civilization in national culture Rus. This binarity of the Russian character is described by V.O.
Klyuchevsky in " Brief history Rus ". He wrote that the geographical location of the country between the steppe and the forest had a significant influence on the formation of the character of the Russian people. learned to feel like a part of society. And what did the steppe give a person? It symbolizes space, freedom, loneliness, wandering. Being on the endless plain encourages reflection, contemplation. Under the influence of the steppe, people developed such qualities as modesty, spiritual softness, a tendency to melancholy, "withdrawal into oneself", asceticism, isolated life ... Such seemingly incompatible qualities are successfully combined in Russian culture.

Nature

The influence of nature can also explain the fact that Russian people began to refer to nationality as an adjective. This implies that a person belongs not just to a separate people, but to Russia, the Russian land. That is, the connection with the land, native places is extremely important for a person of this nationality - and has always been important.

The adoption of Christianity in the Byzantine version entailed some isolation of Russia from the Western states. She had her own development path that
also concerned culture. Also, the church brought up a spirit of unity in people, rallied the people in difficult times.

Mobilization development of the state

The mobilization development of the state is the use of human resources to the maximum for the solution of various state tasks. At the same time, there is a discrepancy between the volume of tasks and internal resources. This can explain the emergence of Russian people's dislike for the government and at the same time the willingness to endure it and, if necessary, stand up to defend their state.

All these factors determined the character of the Russian person. It combines the incongruous - hard work and laziness, openness and unsociability, hospitality and a tendency to isolation, loneliness. And Russian culture is also characterized by such duality.

Anthropology

Anthropological features include external and genetic indicators. Russians
in this aspect they are similar to Europeans. Signs that distinguish them from Europeans:

• Light shades of skin and hair prevail, dark ones less.
• Eyebrows and beards grow at a slower rate.
• The brow is less pronounced, as is the slope of the forehead.
• The nose bridge is medium-high, the profile of the face is moderately wide, in the horizontal profile, the medium prevails.

For a Russian person, epicanthus is not characteristic - a fold near the eye, which is noticeable in Mongoloids.

Ethnic history of the Russian people

How did the Russian people come about? It was formed from the East Slavic tribes and migrant peoples who flocked from the Dnieper region. They entered the Russian people and the Finno
Ugric tribes. In the 12th century, as a result of the merger of tribes, the ancient Russian nationality was formed. However, later it split into three separate peoples - Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians.

The Russian people were strongly influenced by the Baptism of Rus, organized by Prince Vladimir in 988. This event became the reason for the appearance of its own calendar and church holidays Russians, original writing, certain types of national art - icon painting or architecture.

The invasion of the Mongol-Tatars had a tangible impact on the Russian people. Russia took on the burden of the yoke, which greatly threw it back - about a century ago - in the development of culture and industry in comparison with Europe.

How good it is to be Russian

I read here a naive children's post about the reasons for loving Russians, and I thought, and Why do I love my kind people? Even a Moldovan will find a hundred reasons why Moldovans are the best people on Earth, which means that Russians should have such reasons. For what do we Russians love us Russians? (besides the charming modesty contained in this question).

For an amazing mixture of pride and self-awareness... A Russian can be robbed to the skin, beaten, smeared in mud - and still he will look at the offenders with a poorly hidden pity of superiority. The confidence of our people in their greatness and chosenness does not in any way depend on external circumstances; the Russian looks down on all other peoples of the world, including the ruling Americans.

it the consciousness of the Atlanteans holding the world, the consciousness of the sun, around which all the other peoples of the planet revolve, led both to our greatest triumphs and to defeats from self-intoxication. Defeats, in turn, led to self-flagellation, to repentance, earnest, true, Russian - and everything was also mixed up in monstrous pride, on the secret realization that yes, we certainly sinned, but as deeply and terribly as we sinned, no one he cannot sin anymore in the world. Even lying at his feet, even smearing snow on his face with tears, the Russian will be sure that he has the cleanest tears in the world and the most sincere wallowing at his feet.

Proud, unshakable self-confidence in our own superiority is our greatest weakness because the proud man is easily fooled, and our greatest force because the most terrible defeats, failures, catastrophes do not make the slightest impression on the Russian. Where other people crawl in horror and dying from depression, imperturbable Russians are just beginning to get a taste. "Blitzkrieg? Was the cadre army destroyed? Have you already seen the scouts near Moscow? Well, business ... And this jam is so tasty, what is it made of? Raspberry? Good jam ... get my greatcoat there. "

For a burning, furious desire that has not subsided for centuries go to the limit and go beyond the limit. Cry - so that your eyes cry. To master Siberia so that it ends in Alaska. Planes to build - so that right up to space. To engage in totalitarianism - so that even the Nazis in horror closed their eyes. To fight - so that the earth melts.

The Russian not only harnesses for a long time and drives quickly, but rushes until he breaks through the very line of the horizon, in everything, from inner spiritual life, to revolutionary activity to scientific and technical research. Only with the psychology of an eternally striving beyond the limit could it be possible to build such a huge country like ours, create such a dark and majestic literature like ours, amaze the world with unthinkable horrors and unthinkable heroes like ours. The Russian is capable of manifestations of the highest, rarest feelings - and in the same way he is capable of manifestations of the utmost, terrifying baseness. Sometimes at the same time. Outbreaks of the utmost Russian character sometimes make other peoples freeze in horror or awe.

For dexterous, grasping, pirate receptivity growing out of the awareness of its own uniqueness and superiority. A typical Russian situation: take a British nuclear bomb, take German missiles, and then for 50 years threaten the world with "Our, Russian nuclear weapons!" If a Russian finds someone else's thing, idea, development convenient for himself, then he immediately begins to use it as if he had just invented it himself. The Russian has no embarrassment, throwing, and shyness, the Russian feels like a master, whose whole world is a workshop, and who can take on any instrument he likes and make something of his own out of it.

Like the word "general's", in which you can hear a foreign root, but whose suffix is ​​luxuriously impudent with its shameless Russianness. I liked the general, they took the general, made him a friend to the general. It's in Russian! Because of this, all sorts of peoples, when faced with the Russians, are quietly fucking with how the Russians format reality for themselves, using the surrounding space as a toolkit. “You have a good city, Kazan. Only we will burn it a little and move it here. So prettier. Truth. And stop running and yelling, Tatars, for you, fools, we are trying ",- this is the Russian type of thinking.

For the complete lack of a culture of hypocrisy... There is a hypocrite - with a cold, impenetrable face, with sharpened movements, with a slight smile, behind which both the utmost benevolence and the utmost hatred can be hidden. There is Asiatic the type of hypocrite - stuffy-obsequious, expiring with praise, smiling so that his mouth almost breaks - and at the same time scolding you three floors, as soon as the door closes. A there is no Russian type of hypocrite.

The Russian perceives the duty American smile as, as an insult, as a mockery, as a mockery, as a declaration of war. Sincerity destroys Russians in a world of total refined hypocrisy, but it also serves as an unmistakable identification mark by which you can instantly recognize your own in a crowd of strangers. And if among other peoples sincerity is a sign of a higher disposition towards you, then for a Russian sincerity level is zero, and disposition begins with "Soulfulness", which sometimes takes on forms inconceivable for a foreigner. If the Russians decided to show you sincerity, brother, sit down and write your will, just in case.

The most complete expression of national character.

For the inability to truly take offense growing out of the same absolutely impenetrable feeling of exclusivity. Russians very often lose in national conflicts, because they do not perceive them as conflicts, do not see threats and even direct attacks from other peoples.

"They are someone, like dogs, why take offense at the dogs?"

The plot of revenge for Russian culture is uncharacteristic, the Russian does not understand the long, exhausting, draining Anglo-Saxon intrigue, and almost the next day he climbs to hug the offender, which is able to bring the offender to a heart attack. Growing out of the inability to take offense specific Russian kindness- that is, insensitivity to hints, shouts, injections, blows and the death scream of an unfortunate victim trying to get rid of the Russian, - provided our people with that very colonization dynamics unprecedented in history. "Strangle in the arms" is a typically Russian situation that perplexes other peoples and tribes with a more subtle and touchy mental organization.

For beauty... The Russian phenotype is a graceful mixture of northern Nordic harshness, too rocky, too sharp, too boxy in its pure Scandinavian type, and charming Slavic softness, too blurry and too submissive among other Slavic peoples. Russians are equally alien to the northern angular concreteness and the southern resort jelly, they combine these two elements in the most perfect and eye-pleasing way.

O Russian beauty enough words have been said over the past centuries, but in classical Russian types I like most of all the calm force coming from them, not the hysterical southern fussy talkativeness, not the comical northern rectangular arrogance, but the soft, and at the same time terrible force, strength of the people, capable of bending anyone into a ram's horn, easily readable in calm Russian looks.

For the beauty and richness of the language, capable of expressing the subtlest, subtle shades of feelings, and at the same time rising in its sound to gentle, lively, playful, almost Italian overflows, then descending to the threatening hiss of terrible primitive sibilants. It's good to talk about love in Italian - but how can you curse your enemy in Italian? It's great to curse your enemies in German, but how can you declare your love in German? In English, you can do both, but in a cropped, ugly, basic, child's configuration. AND only Russian gives its owner complete language palette, all language colors. And the finest brushes and feathers to draw the finest elements with these paints.

For an incredible historical fate... What is Jewish Historical Destiny? "They offended the mouse, wrote in the hole." What is American Historical Destiny? "I went to a redneck to the fair." What is German Historical Destiny? The Shopkeeper and World Domination. What is Russian historical destiny? Epic. Incredible ups. Unthinkable fall. Complete insignificance. And complete domination over the world at arm's length.

When I began to study drama, I could not get rid of the feeling that Russian history was supposedly written by a professional playwright, who deftly guessed at what moment the viewer begins to get bored of continuous victories, victories, victories, and where he needs to put his foot, and where, on the contrary , lift out of the mud to greatness. By force of habit, the Russian does not even see how perfect this dramatic contrast is, how perfect this combination is: the dark repression of 1937 and the stunning, impossible Stalingrad victory of 1943. Or the Brusilov breakthrough of 1916 and complete destruction, here is the literal collapse of the state by the middle of 1917. The Russian, by force of habit, does not even understand all the intoxicating, dizzying beauty of these roller coasters of Russian history, from which any other people would have gone crazy long ago.

Now we have a dark period in history, but this is temporary, because a Russian by nature is a cheerful impudent person who cannot be sad and worried for a long time. We cried, repented, let go of all the negative emotions - and went to knead our fists, well, so that there was something to repent of next time. Russian self-confidence, rage, perceptiveness, frightening sincerity and inability to take offense in time, show only one thing - it is impossible to come to an agreement with a Russian who has passed from a depressive to an active phase, it is impossible to stop, offend, discourage, conscience.

Just raise your hands and run away, because even kill the biggest white people peace is impossible. Now my kind people are in depression, but, as the winter rallies have shown, the drama of Russian history takes its toll and the nation begins to awaken, turn into an active, insolent, into "Yes, I love you, I want good for you, don't you dare, puss, turn away!" condition. After that, all non-Russian peoples will have to turn on the mode "Run away wherever, the Russians wanted us well".

Are the Russians the greatest nation on the ground? Yes! Russian impudent perseverance will sooner or later crush everything and everyone, even the Chinese. There are people who are smarter, there are people who are more cunning, there are people who are more organized, there are people who are richer, there are people who are more numerous, but there are no people more persistent than the Russians. Russians, having dispersed, broke everything: armies, peoples, countries, continents, outer space, and sooner or later the Russians will break the world. And besides, every real Russian knows that the world belongs to him by right - it just remains to take this world. And sooner or later the Russian world will take it for itself.