Male Vietnamese names and meanings - choosing the best name for a boy. What do Vietnamese names mean: interpretation and history of origin Russian names in Vietnamese
In Vietnamese, the meanings of female names are beautiful and poetic. Vietnamese female names can be classified according to the meaning of the values.
First of all, these are flower names. The simplest version of Hoa (flower).
It has long been customary for the Vietnamese to give their daughters names of different colors: Hong (rose), Cook (chrysanthemum), Lan (orchid), Li (lily),), Quin (fragrant flower of the night). There are also names in Vietnamese with a meaning close to floral themes: Huong (aroma), Ziep (foliage), Lieu (willow).
The moon in the east is considered a symbol of femininity and beauty. As a result, several female names with a gentle poetic meaning "Moon" are found in the Vietnamese language at once: Chang, Hang and Nguet. Moreover, the word Chang in modern Vietnamese refers to a celestial body that is visible at night through the window. While the other two names for the moon are found not in astronomy, but in ancient poetry and fine literature.
In Vietnamese society, girls were often named after the traditional female virtues of Confucian culture: Hien (kind), Chin (chaste), Dung (patient). Previously, this list also included the name Kong (hard worker). However, in last years it is completely unpopular. Much more common is the name Mi (beautiful).
In a traditional Vietnamese family, sons are valued more than daughters. It is to the son that the sacred duty of performing the rituals is passed on. The absence of a male heir is perceived by the Vietnamese as a tragedy: who will send and make offerings to all generations of the family?
However, many Vietnamese families consider their daughters to be precious and give the girls the appropriate names: Ngoc (pearls, jasper), Kim (gold) and Ngan (silver). The sum of the above forms the female names Kim Ngan (gold + silver) and Kim Ngoc (gold + pearl).
Vietnamese understand that it is rare for a foreigner to remember and correctly pronounce a Vietnamese name. Therefore, many choose an additional name for themselves, for business communication and communication with foreigners. This name is printed on business cards instead of or in addition to the Vietnamese name: Jenny Kim, Monica Nguyen, Vanessa Chan, Cecilia Ho, Veronica Ngo.
The choice of a foreign name is conditioned by the social circle. So, among the Vietnamese who studied in the USSR and Russia, many proudly call themselves Fedya, Ivan, Misha, Katya, Sveta, Natasha. The choice of a name is based on different motivations. Usually choose a name with similar meaning(Vinh = Glory) or starting with the same letter as the Vietnamese name (Huong = Helen).
However, the most decisive factor: the name must be pleasant and sound good. This is what determines the choice of an additional foreign name by a Vietnamese.
The first part of the name is the surname passed down from the father, less often - from the mother. Experts have about a hundred of the most commonly used surnames. Most of them are associated with the name of the dynasties in power. Most of the modern representatives of the country bear the surname "Nguyen", corresponding to the last imperial family.
In ancient times, the middle name was meant to indicate the gender of a child. Women were given "Thi", while men had several options: "Wang", "Shi", "Fu", "Min". These traditions have survived to this day, but the main function of this type of name has changed - with the help of it, a person's belonging to one generation is indicated.
The primary name, also called personal, is used for referrals. They have a literal meaning. For example, female names mean a particular plant, the name of birds: "Tao" - peach, "Loan" - felix. In the east, the Moon and its light are especially revered, so several names for girls at once mean this a natural phenomenon- Hang, Chang, Nguet. Male names are designed to reflect the desired characteristics of the stronger sex: courage, courage, masculinity and morality. So, "Duc" means kindness, and "Khiem" - modesty.
The Vietnamese associate the emergence of names with various factors. One of them is the place of birth, for example, a person with the name Kuen was born near Hanoi, and Khoa - with Moscow. Another important factor is the place associated with any significant event for the family, for example, a meeting of parents.
The name "Thay" means the city of Thaingguyen, where mother and father met. Some of the names are formed due to events that influenced the fate of the clan, for example - "Koy" means orphanhood, as they call children born after the death of their father. Babies are named a profession belonging to one of the parents. For example, "Bao" is a plane, "Mao" is a tailor.
If the family consists of a large number children, then often the naming of children is one whole phrase... The names Nya, which translates as home, and Gao, meaning rice, were given to children whose parents wanted them to live in abundance and wealth.
Vietnamese have no patronymics. Mentioning dead parents aloud was considered a bad sign. Interesting feature- often the father or mother took the name of the oldest child.
Until recently, the Vietnamese had several names. that were given to them in different periods life. At first, the child had a "young, dairy name" that only parents and relatives knew. When a person became an adult, a new official name was given. There could be one more name that the mother gave when her son went to serve in the army. The Vietnamese himself could also take a pseudonym. Names could be changed by order of the monarch, in case of failure of the Confucian examinations.
As a noun, they often use words not of Chinese, but of Han Vietnamese origin. Vietnamese people are sure that they sound prettier and more cultured.
How to name a child correctly - traditions and features
The choice of a name for a newborn is a crucial event. As in the old days, so now Vietnamese were guided by the following principles:
Today, the main principle is aesthetic beauty. But before the 1945 revolution in Vietnam, in families where children often died and were sickly, superstitious mother and father sought to give a name that would not attract "evil spirits" and will protect the child from trouble. Newborns were named a frog - "Et", a worm - "Zun", a scar - "Theo".
The choice of the middle name was not arbitrary, it was regulated by the prevailing rules and customs. So, all children of the same generation from one kindred group should have a common component in the name. For example, in the genus Le, the first generation has the element - Hong, the second - Kam.
But there is also another principle - to pass on from generation to generation the same component part, for example - the father's name was Nguyen Van Duc, and the son's name was Nguyen Van Mao. Now this tradition is being violated in cities and large villages, but persists in small villages.
Another one modern trend- the transfer of the component not from the father, but from the mother. This is associated with the increasing role of women in Vietnamese society.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Complete Vietnamese name usually consists of three (less often - four) parts: father's surname(less often the mother's surname), middle name or "nicknames" and own name ... In accordance with the East Asian system of personal names, in Vietnam, the full name is traditionally built in the above-named order (like the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, etc.). It is not customary for the Vietnamese to use and write one surname without a first name. The first name without the last name is used very often. (see below for an explanation).
When translating a full Vietnamese name into Russian, you must write each part separately and with a capital letter, for example, Pham Van Dong(as opposed to translation Chinese name, when the middle and last name can merge into one word, for example, Mao Zedong) and adhere to the general rules of transcription.
However, it should be noted that in practice the official transcription rules are not always followed.
Surname
The first part of the full name is the father's surname.
The surname is located at the beginning of the full name, it is passed from father to children. It is estimated that there are about a hundred surnames in common use although some are used much more frequently than others.
Vietnamese surnames traditionally coincide with the surnames of the ruling dynasties. That is, during the reign of the Li dynasty, this surname gained the greatest popularity. It is logical that at present about 40% of Vietnamese carry the surname "Nguyen" after the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam.
Below is a list of the 14 most common surnames in Vietnam. Together, they make up 90% of the names of the Vietnamese. Surnames are given with their Chinese equivalents and the number of speakers as a percentage:
- Nguyen - Nguyễn 阮 (38.4%)
- Le - Lê 黎 (9.5%)
- Fam - Phạm 范 (7.1%)
- Huyin / Hoang - Huỳnh / Hoàng 黃 (5.1%)
- Fan - Phan 潘 (4.5%)
- Vu / Vo - Vũ / Võ 武 (3.9%)
- Dang - Đặng 鄧 (2.1%)
- Buoy - Bùi 裴 (2%)
- Before - Đỗ 杜 (1.4%)
- Ngo - Ngô 吳 (1.3%)
- Duong - Dương 楊 (1%)
- Li - Lý 李 (0.5%)
Among the remaining 10% of the surnames are those that belong to the Chinese, and those that belong to the rest of the small peoples living in Vietnam. but Chinese surnames are usually inherited from a distant ancestor and are no longer recognized as alien at present.
Some of the other surnames:
Due to the fact that most Vietnamese have the same surnames, it is not customary for Vietnamese to use and write one surname without a first name.
Name
Middle name
The middle name (tên đệm or tên lót) is chosen by parents from a rather narrow circle. In the past, the middle name indicated the gender of the child: all women had a middle name. Thị(Thi). There were many middle names for men; by the 20th century, the following became the most common: Văn(Wang), Việt(Viet), Đan(Dan), Đình(Ding) Ðức(Duc), Duy(Zooey) Minh(Min) Ngọc(Ngoc) Sĩ(Shi), Xuân(Xuan), Phú(Ugh), Hữu(Huh). Currently, the main function of both male and female middle names is to show belonging to the same generation in the clan (brothers and sisters have one middle name, which is different from previous and subsequent generations).
Personal name
This name is the main form of address among the Vietnamese. The names are chosen by the parents and usually have a literal meaning in Vietnamese. For women, names often represent beauty, like the names of birds or flowers. Male names often reflect desirable attributes and characteristics that parents want to see in their children, such as morality.
There are “sets” of names that reflect, for example, the four female virtues: Kong (Vietnamese. Công, skillful, well-performing), Zung (Vietnamese. Dung, beautiful), Han (Vietnamese. Hạnh, well-behaved), Ngon (Vietnamese. Ngôn, polite); four mythical creatures: Lee (Vietnamese. Ly, tsilin), Kui (Vietnamese. Qui, turtle), Phuong (Vietnamese. Phượng, phoenix), Long (Vietnamese. Long, the Dragon).
Full four-part name
Sometimes, after the father's surname, the child is given the mother's surname. Then his full name has four parts.
There are also situations when the middle or proper name can be double. Then we get a name in four parts, for example Nguyễn Thị Trà My, where Nguyễn is the last name, Thi (Thị) is the middle name, and Cha Mi (Trà My) is a personal name that has the meaning " camellia ".
The use of the name in spelling and circulation
Due to the fact that most Vietnamese have the same surnames, it is not customary for Vietnamese to use and write one surname without a first name. A first name without a surname is used very often and, as a rule, in this case the surname Nguyen is meant, although there are other options.
As a rule, Vietnamese refer to each other by personal names, even in official situations, although honorary titles "lord", "madam" and others are also used when necessary. This contrasts with the situation in many other cultures where the surname is used in formal situations.
Defining parts of a full name
Determining which part of a Vietnamese's full name is a surname, and which is a middle or personal name, is often very difficult.
First, some words, such as Van (Văn), can be used both as a surname (Van Tien Dung) and as a middle or personal name (Nguyen Van Kao).
Second, a significant proportion of Vietnamese currently reside outside Vietnam. Their names are subject to changes in the form of discarding surnames and rearranging parts of the full name on the contrary, in the Western manner. Sometimes, instead of the Vietnamese surname, a European version of the name is added. For example, famous actor Vietnamese-born Nguyen Tien Minh Chi is known worldwide as Johnny Nguyen, and his co-star Ngo Thanh Van is known as Veronica Ngo.
To understand such names, you need to remember the list of the most common Vietnamese surnames and names, and in all doubtful cases look at the names of both parents or relatives living in Vietnam, whose full names were not distorted.
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Excerpt characterizing a Vietnamese name
V recent times During her stay in Voronezh, Princess Marya experienced the best happiness in her life. Her love for Rostov no longer tormented her, did not worry her. This love filled her whole soul, became an inseparable part of herself, and she no longer fought against her. Lately Princess Marya has become convinced - although she has never clearly said this to herself in words - she has become convinced that she was loved and loved. She was convinced of this during her last meeting with Nikolai, when he came to her to announce that her brother was with the Rostovs. Nicholas did not hint with a single word that now (if Prince Andrey recovered) the former relationship between him and Natasha could resume, but Princess Marya saw in his face that he knew and thought this. And, despite the fact that his relationship to her - careful, tender and loving - not only did not change, but he seemed to be glad that now the relationship between him and Princess Marya allowed him to more freely express his friendship to her, love, as he sometimes thought Princess Marya. Princess Marya knew that she loved at first and last time in life, and felt that she was loved, and was happy, calm in this respect.But this happiness of one side of the soul not only did not prevent her from feeling grief about her brother in all her strength, but, on the contrary, this peace of mind in one respect gave her a great opportunity to completely surrender to her feelings for her brother. This feeling was so strong in the first minute of leaving Voronezh that those who accompanied her were sure, looking at her exhausted, desperate face, that she would certainly fall ill on the way; but it was the difficulties and worries of the journey, for which Princess Marya undertook with such activity, that saved her for a while from her grief and gave her strength.
As always happens during a trip, Princess Marya thought of only one trip, forgetting what was his goal. But, approaching Yaroslavl, when again what might lie ahead of her was revealed, and not many days later, but this evening, Princess Mary's excitement reached extreme limits.
When a haiduk sent ahead to find out in Yaroslavl where the Rostovs were and what position Prince Andrei was in, met a large driving carriage at the outpost, he was horrified to see the princess's terribly pale face, which stuck out of the window.
- I found out everything, your Excellency: the Rostov people are on the square, in the house of the merchant Bronnikov. Not far away, just above the Volga, - said the hayduk.
Princess Marya looked frightened and questioningly at his face, not understanding what he was saying to her, not understanding why he did not answer main question: what brother? M lle Bourienne made this question for Princess Marya.
- What is the prince? She asked.
- Their Excellency stands with them in the same house.
"So he is alive," thought the princess and quietly asked: what is he?
- People said, everyone is in the same position.
What did it mean, “everything is in the same position,” the princess did not ask, and only briefly glanced at seven-year-old Nikolushka, who was sitting in front of her and rejoicing at the city, lowered her head and did not raise it until the heavy carriage rattled, shaking and swaying, did not stop somewhere. The reclining footrests thundered.
The doors opened. On the left was water — the river was large, on the right was a porch; on the porch there were people, a servant and some kind of rosy-faced girl with a big black braid who smiled unpleasantly, as it seemed to Princess Marya (it was Sonya). The princess ran up the stairs, the girl pretending to smile said: - Here, here! - and the princess found herself in the hall in front of an old woman with an oriental type of face, who, with a moved expression, quickly walked towards her. It was the Countess. She hugged Princess Marya and began to kiss her.
- Mon enfant! - she said, - je vous aime et vous connais depuis longtemps. [My child! I love and know you for a long time.]
Despite all her excitement, Princess Marya realized that it was the countess and that she had to say something to her. She, not knowing how, uttered some polite French words, in the same tone as those that were spoken to her, and asked: what is he?
“The doctor says there is no danger,” the countess said, but while she was saying this, she raised her eyes with a sigh, and in this gesture there was an expression that contradicted her words.
- Where is he? Can I see him, can I? - asked the princess.
- Now, princess, now, my friend. Is this his son? - she said, referring to Nikolushka, who entered with Desal. - We can all fit, the house is big. Oh, what a lovely boy!
The countess ushered the princess into the drawing-room. Sonya talked to m lle Bourienne. The Countess caressed the boy. The old count entered the room, greeting the princess. The old count has changed tremendously since the last time the princess saw him. Then he was a lively, cheerful, self-confident old man, now he seemed a pitiful, lost person. As he spoke to the princess, he constantly looked around, as if asking everyone if he was doing what was needed. After the devastation of Moscow and his estate, knocked out of his usual rut, he apparently lost consciousness of his importance and felt that he had no place in life.
Despite the excitement in which she was, despite the one desire to see her brother as soon as possible and her annoyance that at that moment, when she only wanted to see him, she was occupied and feigned praise for her nephew, the princess noticed everything that was done around her, and felt the need for a while to submit to this new order into which she was entering. She knew that all this was necessary, and it was difficult for her, but she did not annoy them.
“This is my niece,” said the count, introducing Sonya. “You don’t know her, princess?”
The princess turned to her and, trying to extinguish the hostile feeling that had risen in her soul towards this girl, kissed her. But it became hard for her because the mood of everyone around her was so far from what was in her soul.
- Where is he? She asked again, addressing everyone.
"He's downstairs, Natasha is with him," Sonya answered, blushing. - Let's go find out. I think you are tired, princess?
Tears of annoyance came to the princess's eyes. She turned away and wanted to ask the countess again where to go to him, as light, swift, as if merry steps were heard in the doorway. The princess looked around and saw Natasha almost running in, that Natasha who had so disliked her on that long-standing meeting in Moscow.
But before the princess had time to look at the face of this Natasha, she realized that this was her sincere comrade in grief, and therefore her friend. She rushed to meet her and, embracing her, wept on her shoulder.
As soon as Natasha, who was sitting at the head of Prince Andrei, learned of the arrival of Princess Marya, she quietly left his room with those quick, as it seemed to Princess Marya, as if with merry steps and ran to her.
On her agitated face, when she ran into the room, there was only one expression - an expression of love, of boundless love for him, for her, for everything that was close to a loved one, an expression of pity, suffering for others and a passionate desire to give all of herself for in order to help them. It was evident that at that moment not a single thought about herself, about her relationship to him was in Natasha's soul.
The sensitive Princess Marya understood all this from the first glance on Natasha's face and cried with sorrowful pleasure on her shoulder.
“Let's go, let's go to him, Marie,” Natasha said, leading her to another room.
Princess Marya raised her face, wiped her eyes and turned to Natasha. She felt that from her she would understand and learn everything.
“What…” she began the question, but suddenly stopped. She felt that words could neither ask nor answer. Natasha's face and eyes should have said more and more clearly.
Where do Vietnamese names come from?
After the baby is born, dad throws a pot on the floor in the kitchen.
As it thundered, so it was called - Bam Van Dong, Han Long Gong ..... (famous Vietnamese anecdote)
Vietnamese names consist of three parts: the family name (analogous to our surname), the middle name and the last, individual or given at birth. For example: Lã Xuân Thắng. Lã is the family name, Xuân is the middle, Thắng is the last.
Names are of great importance in Vietnam. Many Vietnamese have secret names known only to themselves and their parents. There is a belief that, pronounced aloud, this name gives power to evil spirits over its bearer. Therefore, in public places, children are often called by birth order, for example, Ti-hai / Chị Hai, Ti-ba / Chị Ba (Second daughter, Third daughter), etc.
There are only 300 surnames in Vietnam and almost half of the country's population bears the surname Nguyen. The middle part of the name is usually the same for all children in the family. The names of women after the surname are supplemented by the fourth part - "-thi".
Typically, Vietnamese have several names throughout their lives. So in the villages, many Vietnamese do not give small children beautiful names(Rat / Chuột, Puppy / Cún, etc.). This is done due to superstition that the gods will not want to take a child with an ugly name to themselves or harm him. Therefore, it is believed that the “simpler” a child's name is, the easier it is to raise it. Subsequently, many villagers come to work in the city and choose new, beautiful, names, usually with a literal meaning in Vietnamese. For women, names often represent beauty, like the names of birds or flowers. The name of men, on the other hand, reflects the desired attributes and characteristics that parents want to see in their children, such as, for example, morality or tranquility.
Male names | Female names |
| Bao - "protection" (Bảo) Bin - "peace" (Bình) Wan - "cloud" (Vân) Vien - "completion" (Viên) Din - "top" (Định) Duc - "desire" (Đức) Dung - “Brave, heroic” (Dũng) Duong - “courage” (Dương) Quan - “soldier” (Quân) Quang - “clear, pure” (Quang) Kui - “precious” (Quí) Min - “bright” (Minh) Nguyen - "beginning" (Nguyên) Tea - "oyster" (Trai) Tu - "star" (Tú) Tuan - "bright" (Tuấn) Thanh - "bright, clear, blue" (Thanh) Thuan - "tamed" ( Thuận) Hoan - "spring" (Hòan) Hung - "brave, heroic" (Hùng) Tin - "faith" or "trust" (Tín) | Beat - "jade" (Bích) Kim - "golden" (Kim) Kuen - "bird" (Quyên) Kui - "precious" (Quí) Lien - "lotus" (Liên) Lin - "spring" (Linh) May - "Flower" (Mai) Ngoc - "precious stone" or "jade" (Ngọc) Nguet - "moon" (Nguyệt) Nyung - "velvet" (Nhung) Phuong - "phoenix" (Phượng) Tien - "fairy, spirit" (Tiên) Tu - "star" (Tú) Tuen - "ray" (Tuyến) Tuet - "white snow" (Tuyết) Thanh - "bright, clear, blue" (Thanh) Thai - "friendly, loyal" (Thái) Thi - "poem" (Thi) Thu - "autumn" (Thu) Hoa - "flower" (Hoa) Hong - "rose" (Hồng) Hoan - "spring" (Hòan) Huong - "pink" (Hường) Tiau - "Pearl" (Châu) Ti - "tree branch" (Chi) |
Vietnam has a very developed "religion" of the ancestor cult, therefore, after death, a person acquires a sacred name for worship, for example: Cụ đồ “,‛ Cụ Tam Nguyên Yên Đổ “,“ Ông Trạng Trình (grandfather / old man ..). This name is recorded in family annals and is considered the main name.
The Vietnamese have few surnames - much less than the Europeans, and they mean nothing.
A child was born, he is given his father's surname. His birth certificate usually contains three words. The first word is his last name, the last is his name, and the second is the so-called "auxiliary name". For example: Nguyen Van An. I would like to dwell here on this auxiliary name "Van" and tell a little about it. In general, auxiliary names are optional, you can do without them. So if later a person does not like the combination Nguyen Van An, which his parents gave him, he can refuse it and take another, for example, Nguyen Minh An, Nguyen Xuan An, and so on, or completely abandon the auxiliary name, become just Nguyen An. And women have an auxiliary name "Thi": Chan Thi Tuet, Pham Thi Hong, Nguyen Thi Binh, Le Thi Suan Nga ...
The number of Vietnamese surnames is very limited, but the names are extremely diverse. The fact is that we do not have “stable”, “permanent” names, like, for example, the Russians Sasha, Seryozha, Natasha, Lyuba. Usually each name means something. There are names that have an independent meaning: Tien - lemon, Man - plum ... And very often the names go in pairs. So do not be surprised if to your question to a Vietnamese girl named Hau what her name means, she will answer: “My name and the name of my older sister Huang together mean“ queen ”- Huang Hau, and with the name of my younger brother Phuong - Rear: Hau Phuong.
If the family is large, then the names of the children can make up a whole phrase. For example, in the family there are children with the names: Viet, Nam, An, Hung, Tien, Kong, Vi, Dai. And together we get the phrase: "Heroic Vietnam will win a great victory." The first child in a family is often given the name Ka - "eldest", and the last Ut - "the youngest." Women's names usually mean something delicate and beautiful: Tao - "peach blossom", Lua - "silk", Ngoc - "pearl".
Giving children such names as Rice, Water, Home, Field, people dreamed that they always had rice, a home and that their life would be better.
The entire history of the Vietnamese people is reflected in their naming system. Until the August 1945 revolution, the peasants were enslaved by the landlords. Sometimes the landlords assumed the right to give names to peasant children. And to emphasize the difference between poor children and their own, they gave them ugly, derogatory names. Yes, and many superstitious peasants, wishing that their children were not sick with anything, did not dare to choose beautiful names for them, but only gave them such as Et (Frog), Zyun (Worm), Theo (Rubets) ... They believed that that evil spirits will ignore children with such names and leave them alone.
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