Russian fairy tales where nature helps. Images of animals, plants, birds, natural elements and phenomena in Russian folk tales, fairy tales of Siberia and the peoples of the Far North. Pantry of fairy tales by E. Permyak
To portray bright world nature for the youngest readers, many writers turned to such a genre of literature as a fairy tale. Even in many folk tales the main characters are natural phenomena, forest, frost, snow, water, plants. These Russian fairy tales about nature are very fascinating and informative, they talk about the change of seasons, the sun, the moon, various animals. It is worth remembering the most famous of them: "Wintering of animals", "Chanter-sister and Gray wolf", "Mitten", "Teremok", "Kolobok". Tales about nature were also composed by many Russians and it is worth noting such authors as K. Paustovsky, K. Ushinsky, V. Bianki, D. Mamin-Sibiryak, M. Prishvin, N. Sladkov, I. Sokolov-Mikitov, E. Permyak. Fairy tales about nature teach children to love the world around them, to be attentive and observant.
The magic of the surrounding world in the fairy tales of D. Ushinsky
Russian writer D. Ushinsky, as if talented painter, wrote fairy tales about natural phenomena, different times of the year. Children from these small works learn how the stream roars, the clouds float and the birds sing. The most famous tales of the writer: "The Raven and the Magpie", "Woodpecker", "Goose and Crane", "Horse", "Bishka", "Wind and Sun", as well as a huge number of stories. Ushinsky skillfully uses animals and nature to reveal to young readers such concepts as greed, nobility, betrayal, stubbornness, cunning. These fairy tales are very kind, they are recommended to be read to children before going to bed. Ushinsky's books are very well illustrated.
Creations by D. Mamin-Sibiryak for children
Man and nature are very actual problem for modern world. Mamin-Sibiryak devoted many works to this topic, but the collection "Alyonushka's Tales" should be especially singled out. The writer himself raised and cared for a sick daughter, and this interesting collection was intended for her. In these fairy tales, children will get acquainted with Komar Komarovich, Ersh Ershovich, Shaggy Misha, Brave Hare. From these entertaining works, children learn about the life of animals, insects, birds, fish, plants. Almost everyone from childhood is familiar with a very touching cartoon filmed on fairy tale of the same name Mamin-Sibiryak "Gray neck".
M. Prishvin and nature
Short tales about the nature of Prishvin are very kind and fascinating, they tell about the habits of forest inhabitants, about the grandeur and beauty of their native places. Little readers will learn about the rustle of leaves, forest smells, the murmur of a stream. All these stories end well, evoke in readers a feeling of empathy for the smaller brothers and a desire to help them. Most famous stories: "Pantry of the sun", "Khromka", "Hedgehog".
Tales of V. Bianchi
Russian fairy tales and stories about plants and animals are presented by another wonderful writer - Vitaly Bianchi. His fairy tales teach children to unravel the mysteries of the life of birds and animals. Many of them are intended for the youngest readers: "The Fox and the Mouse", "Cuckoo", "Golden Heart", "Orange Neck", "First Hunt" and many others. Bianchi knew how to observe the life of nature through the eyes of children. Some of his tales about nature are endowed with tragedy or humor, they contain lyrical meditation and poetry.
Forest fairy tales by Nikolai Sladkov
Nikolai Ivanovich Sladkov wrote more than 60, he was also the author of the radio program "News from the Forest". The heroes of his books are kind, funny little animals. Each story is very sweet and kind, tells about funny habits and Little readers will learn from them that animals can also worry and grieve, as they store food for the winter. Sladkov's favorite fairy tales: "Forest Rustles", "Badger and Bear", "Polite Jackdaw", "Hare Dance", "Desperate Hare".
Pantry of fairy tales by E. Permyak
Fairy tales about nature were composed by the famous playwright and writer Yevgeny Andreevich Permyak. They are representatives of the golden fund. These small works teach children to be hardworking, honest, responsible, to believe in themselves and their strengths. It is necessary to highlight the most famous tales of Evgeny Andreevich: " Birch Grove", "Smorodinka", "How Fire Married Water", "The First Fish", "About a Hasty Tit and a Patient Tit", "Ugly Christmas Tree". Permyak's books were very colorfully illustrated by the most famous Russian artists.
Fairy tales are one of the main types of oral folk poetry. “The word “fairy tale” refers to moralizing stories about animals, fairy tales full of miracles, intricate adventurous stories, and satirical anecdotes. Each of these types of oral folk prose has its own distinctive features: their content, their themes, their system of images, their language ... These fairy tales differ not only thematically, but the whole character of their images, features of composition, artistic techniques ... all their style.
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Nature and people in Russian fairy tales
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Vityaz O.M.
Fairy tales are one of the main types of oral folk poetry. “The word “fairy tale” refers to moralizing stories about animals, fairy tales full of miracles, intricate adventurous stories, and satirical anecdotes. Each of these types of oral folk prose has its own distinctive features: its own content, its own theme, its own system of images, its own language ... These fairy tales differ not only thematically, but the whole character of their images, compositional features, artistic techniques ... all their style.
Russian fairy tales are usually divided into the following types: about animals, magical and domestic. The plot is the main feature of a fairy tale, in which dream and reality are opposed. AT fairy tale before the listener there is a different, than in fairy tales about animals, a special, mysterious world. Unusual fantastic heroes act in it, goodness and truth defeat darkness, evil and lies. "This is a world where Ivan Tsarevich rushes through a dark forest on a gray wolf, where the deceived Alyonushka suffers, where Vasilisa the Beautiful brings a scorching fire from Baba Yaga, where a brave hero finds the death of Kashchei the Immortal" ...
Many fairy tales begin with a saying - a playful joke that is not related to the plot. The purpose of the saying is to grab the attention of the audience. It is followed by the opening that begins the story. It takes listeners to fairy world, indicates the time and place of the action, the situation, actors. The fairy tale ends with an ending. The narrative develops sequentially, the action is given in dynamics. Dramatically tense situations are reproduced in the structure of the tale.
Among the most famous Russian fairy tales are the following works: "Gingerbread Man", "Magic Ring", "Geese-Swans", "The Frog Princess", "Humpbacked Horse", "Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka", "Goat-Dereza" , "Golden Cockerel", fairy tales about Baba Yaga ("Baba Yaga and the zamoryshek", "Baba Yaga", "Baba Yaga and the Zhikhar" and others), "Morozko", "Finist the Clear Falcon", "Sivka -Burka", By the Pike's Command", "Masha and the Bears", "Tiny-Khavroshechka", "The Tale of Ivan the Tsarevich, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf" and others.
The hero of a fairy tale is courageous, fearless. He overcomes all obstacles in his path, wins victories, wins his happiness. And if at the beginning of the tale he can act as Ivan the Fool, Emelya the Fool, then at the end he necessarily turns into a handsome and well done Ivan Tsarevich. A.M. drew attention to this at one time. Gorky: "The hero of folklore is a "fool", despised even by his father and brothers, always turns out to be smarter than them, always the winner of all worldly adversities."
A positive hero is always helped by others. fairy tale characters. So, in the fairy tale "Three Kingdoms" the hero gets out into the world with the help of a wonderful bird. In other fairy tales, Sivka-Burka, the Gray Wolf, and Elena the Beautiful help the heroes. Even such characters as Morozko and Baba Yaga help the heroes for their diligence and good manners. In all this, people's ideas about human morality and morality are expressed.
Next to the main characters in a fairy tale, there are always wonderful helpers: the Gray Wolf, Sivka-Burka, Obyedalo, Opivalo, Dubynya and Usynya, etc. They have wonderful means: a flying carpet, walking boots, a self-assembled tablecloth, an invisibility hat. Images of goodies in fairy tales, helpers and wonderful objects express folk dreams.
The images of women-heroines of fairy tales in the popular imagination are unusually beautiful. They say about them: "Neither in a fairy tale to say, nor to describe with a pen." They are wise, possess magical power, possess remarkable intelligence and resourcefulness (Elena the Beautiful, Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna).
Opponents of goodies are dark forces, terrible monsters (Kashchei the Deathless, Baba Yaga, famously one-eyed, Serpent Gorynych). They are cruel, treacherous and greedy. This is how the idea of the people about violence and evil is expressed. Their appearance sets off the image goodie, his feat. The storytellers did not spare colors to emphasize the struggle between light and dark beginnings.
Nature in a fairy tale reveals an organic connection with the hero - and this unity is of a fantastic nature. So, if the hero is ill, then changes occur in nature that indicate this; if the hero coped with all the hardships, then nature triumphs with him: “So long as he was not in the kingdom, in the garden all the trees stood with dry tops; but as soon as he appeared, they immediately came to life and began to bloom.
The character of nature is associated not only with the peculiarities of the fabulous time, but also with the fabulous space. Like all components of a fairy tale, its space is also unusual. In a fairy tale, the hero, without any hint of inconvenience, unfitness, can be in the water, in the air, and even visiting the "Sun".
Nature may at first glance be quite "realistic", its fantastic essence is not immediately revealed. For example, "... he sees a wonderful palace, an oak tree stands near the palace, a falcon sits on an oak tree." The fantasticness of this "earthly" landscape is revealed at the moment when "the falcon flew off the oak, hit the ground, turned into a good fellow." “I walked and walked and found myself near a large lake. Suddenly, the lake split into two sides - a dry road opened between the waters. A real lake suddenly undergoes a completely fantastic change
The surprise factor also contributes to the atmosphere of miraculousness. Nature can appear suddenly, as a result of a magical skill: “After Vasilisa the Wise went to dance with Ivan Tsarevich, she waved her left hand - a lake became, waved her right hand - and white swans floated on the water; the king and guests were amazed.” Nature is magical by its very origin. "I waved right hand- forests and waters became, she waved her left - different birds began to fly. Everyone was amazed. She danced - nothing happened. ”
Fairy tale "Geese - swans"
The idea is clearly visible in the fairy tale: man and nature can understand each other, man helps nature, and she, in turn, pays him kindly, helps out in difficult situations.
The river hides the girl and her brother under its bank, the apple tree covers with branches and leaves, the kidney also hides the children.
Why are they so kind?
Because the girl responded to their requests: she loaded the stove with firewood; pulled out a stone from the river, which interfered with its flow; shook the apple tree, which was hard to keep the harvest of apples.
The fairy tale shows that there are dark forces (Baba Yaga) and some representatives of nature (Swan Geese) serve them.
What happened to brother Vanechka?
What difficulties did Masha have on her way when she ran to look for and save Vanechka?
Whom and how did she help?
Why did Mashenka manage to return home with her brother? - Who and how helped her?
How should we treat nature?
What good and useful things do we get from nature?
Fairy tale "Nyurochka - girl"
Questions to ask children:
What season is shown in the story? (Autumn)
Why did they go to the forest? (Pick mushrooms and berries)
What kind of edible mushrooms will children have to collect? (Butter, redheads, mushrooms, etc.)
What berries? (Blueberries, blueberries, lingonberries)
Why did the girl get lost in the forest? (Because of the fallen leaves, I could not find the path)
Who did she get to?
What animals came to the aid of the girl? (Sheep, rams, cows, calf)
Conclusion: in Russian folk tales, animals can also come to the rescue. It is dangerous for children to walk alone in the forest, you can get lost. The animals and the girl can talk to each other.
Fairy tale "Ivanushka - Glinushka"
In Russian folk tales there are stories in which childless people make figurines of girls, boys from improvised natural material(snow, clay, wood, etc.). The desire to have children is so great that its energy helps an inanimate figure to come to life and turn into a child. Fairy tales in which a hero born in this way acts are of particular interest. Such fairy tales help to comprehend the main feature of green nature - the ability to reproduce itself. All categories of wildlife (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi) reproduce, give offspring.
A person is no exception, therefore childless people are oppressed by longing.
For ecological education, these fairy tales are important, because. confirm the idea: on Earth, in order to preserve life (the biosphere), all living things must leave behind offspring. If some kind of plants, animals gives little offspring, it can die out - disappear from the face of the Earth. One of the fairy tales "Ivanushka - Glinushka".
Thus, the nature of a fairy tale, like all its components, serves as one of the most effective means of creating fantasy, "magic" as the most important genre feature. Although fairy tales are poetic inventions, the national spirit is manifested in them with exceptional depth and strength. We can safely say that fairy tales are a true encyclopedia of the life of every people. They carry age-old ideals, reflect folk image life in all its diversity of versatility. At the same time, fairy tales embody many common features that are inherent in humanity and man. A fairy tale remains a fairy tale, it does not deceive, it enchants, captivates.
Resources used:
- alenkiicvetohek11.narod.ru/altynbaeva_z.sh..docx
- http://detsad107.ru/page/88
Svetlana Zabolotnaya
Love for nature - entrance through a fairy tale
Love for nature - entrance through a fairy tale.
Fairy tales- the most ancient educational system. A new direction has appeared in modern psychology fairy tale tolerance(treatment fairy tales) . Clarissa Pinkola Estes in her book "Running with the Wolves" writes: « Fairy tales are medicine. They have a healing power, not forcing us to do, be, act - just listening to them is enough. AT fairy tales contain means, allowing you to correct or revive any lost spiritual spring ... In fairy tales have instructions helping us get through through life's thorns»…
Psychotherapeutic effect fairy tales is that it helps a person to discover his inner source of strength, to realize his potential. After all, in each fairy tale Along with the problem, there are already ways to solve it. Our task is to bring children to fabulous lessons, to teach to think, answering the question, what teaches us story. The presence of magic fairy tale
gives us the opportunity to make it effective tool impact on children.
T. D. Zinkevich - Evstigneeva gives such a definition magic: "Magic (good magic)- this is the ability of a person to creatively change himself, develop, maintain a special creative state in himself, form positive mental images. An important condition for good magic is a creative system of values and moral immunity. Magic is often invisible to the eye, but palpable to the heart. Witchcraft (evil magic)- this is a destructive change of oneself, another, objects of the surrounding world; manifestation of unformed moral immunity and system of values2”.
In legends, stories and legends the ancient Slavs also talk a lot about fairy peoples and creatures: “Once people settled the earth together with other peoples…” In the mountains and caves live gnomes who know the secrets of the mountains. In the forest too orders: Plodich is watching the fruits in the forest, Cvetich is watching the flowers, Gribych is watching the mushrooms, Pchelich is watching the bees, Yagodinich is watching the berries. Each tree, bush, plant has its own spirit - a mermaid or a friend. The water one is the master of the waters, and the female spirits of the waters are waterwomen, mermaids, mavkas. All nature our ancestors endowed with a soul, even the elements themselves personified living beings. The earth was presented as a living woman who groans in pain during a storm; gets angry, causing earthquakes; gives birth to earthly beings. Fairy tales about rejuvenating apples show us with what reverence our ancestors treated trees, believing in their supernatural abilities. A continuation of the theme of magical creatures can be found in fairy tales so in contemporary literature. AT tales of the Brothers Grimm"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", "Little People", G. H. Andersen "Thumbelina", D. Swift "Gulliver's travels", Sofia Prokofieva "Snow White and the Little Elf", Astrid Lindgren "The Elf and the Handkerchief", Crystal Vogl "Floral tales of elves and fairies» , in fairy tales P. P. Bazhov.
In order to form a careful attitude to the world around us, we need to bring the child to the understanding that Magic world opens up to a person with a sensitive and kind heart, pure soul on the example of a set fairy tales. The child will no longer want to pollute the water in which mermaids, nymphs, and undines live. You don't want to pollute the air, as sylphs live there and bring good dreams. You don't want to play with fire knowing that a salamander lives in every fire. You don’t want to pick flowers and break trees, because spirits live in them nature. Many spirits, being once good, due to their barbaric attitude towards nature become evil and no longer help a person as in the old days. In a word, the idea "alive nature» gives us tremendous opportunities for personal development.
Living understanding of power nature- is a fundamental factor in the formation of environmental consciousness.
Ecological consciousness is public consciousness which reflects the relationship of a person with nature in the dynamics of their development. Revealing ecological contradictions, it directs thought to the search for optimal ways of interacting with nature.
In my turn, ecological consciousness contributes to the mastery of ecological culture. Conscious actions aimed at rational nature management, improvement and conservation environment- this is an indicator of the formation of ecological culture. The foundation for the formation of ecological consciousness is laid in preschool childhood. Therefore, it is necessary, starting from an early age, to teach children the meaningful perception of objects. nature, develop children's powers of observation. Observation is the leading method of ecological education and the basis of sensory cognition nature.
You can learn a lot from the flight of cranes...
Clarissa Pinkola Estess writes: “... Flashes of lightning told me about sudden death and the transience of life ... The mother wolf killed her mortally wounded cub, this taught me cruel compassion and the inevitability of death to the dying. Fluffy caterpillars fell from the branches and returned to the top, teaching me lessons of purposefulness ... "
By observing the objects of the plant and animal kingdoms, children should discover for themselves the idea of what treasures lie in man himself.
Fairy tales are filled with metaphors and images. You just need to be able to understand them. But more often than not, we can only guess what is behind these images. Probably, thanks to this, in fairy tales, the original that was laid down in them is preserved. Each famous fairy tale several levels or layers at once, knowledge about the structure of the world and man, about the foundations of life, deeply hidden and not immediately revealed. There is not a single random empty word or event in a fairy tale. Everything is harmonious and harmonious. And to reveal the secrets of fairy tales to people for a very long time.
The importance of Nature in the worldview is difficult to overestimate. In an epic, a fairy tale, a ritual song, Nature is given the most important place. It is difficult to imagine the action of these works outside of it. Nature here is not just a beautiful decoration, it is spiritualized and takes an active part in what is happening. Animals, plants, elements (bear, wolf, drake, pike, mouse, snake, eagle, raven, falcon, cow, birch (in the fairy tale "Vasilisa the Beautiful"), apple tree (in the fairy tales "Geese-swans", "Tiny-Havroshechka ”), a river (in the fairy tale “Swan Geese”)), as well as the very goal of a difficult journey (rejuvenating apples, Living Water, Firebird) are manifestations of magical Nature. Man is inseparable from Nature, her offspring, the harmony of man and nature is the basis of being.
BIRDShttp://russian7.ru/post/7-ptic-russkoj-mifologii/
Alkonost
The wonderful bird Alkonost, or Alcyone, with a female appearance and similar to a kingfisher, lives either on the banks of the Euphrates, or on the island of Buyan, or in the ancient Slavic paradise of Iria. A creature of fabulous beauty lays its eggs on the seabed, on the edge of the sea, and for seven days, until the chicks are born, according to legend, the weather is calm and calm. Alkonost is a bird of goodness and sadness. She does not carry any danger to humans, but on the contrary, she mourns those who died on the field after the battle. And the singing of Alkonost, like love itself, is so beautiful that one who hears it can forget everything in the world.
Sirin
Another bird of paradise - Sirina, reminiscent of the ancient Greek Sirens - is usually attributed to the dark forces. Outwardly, she is very similar to Alkonost and is his frequent companion. However, despite the fact that, unlike Alkonost, Sirin sings songs of Joy, promising bliss to come soon, his singing is detrimental to people, because, having heard it, you can lose your mind. From the head to the waist, Sirin is a woman of incomparable beauty, from the waist - a bird. She is the messenger of dark, hostile forces, calling a person to the other world.
Gamayun
Gamayun is one of the sacred birds of the Slavs. Along with the birds Sirin and Alkonost, she is often represented as living in the branches of the World Tree. The bird Gamayun descends to people only to tell something important, she is also credited with the role of a storyteller, since Gamayun knows about everything that was, is and will even be. Gamayun bird is a prophetic bird.
Stratim bird
The mysterious and gigantic Stratim bird, she is also the Strafil bird, is the archetype of the progenitor, the mother of all birds. She lives on the sea-ocean and keeps the whole white world under her right wing. Stratim personified the most terrible and permissive forces of nature. She flaps her wing - the sea will stir, scream - a storm will rise, and fly - so it will close the white light ... Ships will sink in the sea, the deepest abysses will open, cities and forests will disappear under water. According to legend, this is the progenitor of all birds, the personification of the primitive force of nature that surrounded a defenseless person in ancient times.
Firebird
The most famous and late bird in the world of Russian folk fantasy is the Firebird, which adopted some of the properties of many other fabulous birds. Her golden feathers are able to shine in the darkness and amaze human vision, but at the same time, the Firebird returns the ability to see to the blind, and her singing heals the sick. At the same time, when she sings, pearls fall from her beak. The Firebird feeds on golden apples that they give her eternal youth, beauty and immortality. Perhaps that is why fairy-tale heroes hunted for her, and musicians and artists sang about her in their works.
In East Slavic mythology, a wonderful bird. Perhaps her image is associated with the image of the radiant god of the sun, she is created by the popular imagination from the ideas of heavenly fire-flame, and her radiance blinds the eyes just like the sun or lightning. Behind this bird, which brings great happiness to the hero who masters at least one of its feathers, fabulous good fellows set off one after another on an unknown path.
Finist Yasny Sokol
The appearance of another famous character in Russian fairy tales, Finist the Bright Falcon, is also associated with the Phoenix bird. A bird that personifies the bright beginning in human existence. He enjoyed great respect in Russian songs and fairy tales. He was called nothing more than "young - clear falcon", magnifying the same name and handsome good fellows. Falcon's eyes - keen eyes: "You can't hide anywhere from a falcon's eye!" - the people say. Fairy-tale heroes they turn into falcons in order to instantly overcome unimaginable distances, suddenly strike at the enemy, imperceptibly appear in front of the red maiden. One of the most mysterious and charming heroes of Russian fairy tales is called Finist the Clear Falcon for a reason. In his name, a reference to the undying phoenix is clearly audible.
Swan Princess
The graceful Princess, half a swan, half a beautiful girl, became not so much a character in the mythology of folk tales as a common image in Russian art. The wonderful swan bird, living on the shores of the blue-blue sea, first flew into Pushkin's "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", then into the opera of the same name by Rimsky-Korsakov, and then forever remained in the famous Vrubel masterpiece. A female creature that can turn into a beautiful girl and again into a swan. It has a special beauty and charm. In folk tales, this creature is given a seductive and prophetic power. According to their ancient, original meaning, they are the personifications of spring, rain clouds; together with the bringing down of legends about heavenly sources to earth, the swans-virgins become daughters of the ocean-sea and inhabitants of the earth's waters (seas, rivers, lakes and springs). Thus they are related to mermaids. Swans-virgins are given a prophetic character and wisdom; they perform difficult, supernatural tasks and force nature itself to obey them. The name "swan", used in folk speech for the most part in the feminine, means, in fact: white (light, shiny); such a root meaning was subsequently renewed by a constant epithet: the white swan.
Crow
Bird-prophet. Most often brings bad news. This is personified in the fact that, according to many folk legends, he brings water, living and dead. The raven lives for three hundred years because it feeds on carrion. In some legends, the raven is the grandson of Stribog, that is, one of the winds, and carries a storm. People are afraid of the raven, because they believe that this prophetic bird brings misfortune.
Cuckoo
A bird associated with the feminine and maiden principle in the Slavic folk consciousness. This prophetic bird, heralding the onset of spring, the beginning of thunderstorms and rains, determining the length of human life and the timing of marriages, the Slavs dedicated to the goddess of spring and the joy of renewal. By her voice, the farmer judges the future harvest: if she cries at sunrise and on a green tree (that is, when the forests are already dressed in foliage), then the year will be fruitful, and if she cries at night and a bare tree, there will be famine and pestilence. Whoever hears the cuckoo for the first time on an empty stomach present year promises misfortune; such a person should not feed the cattle, or starve them all winter. In the form of a cuckoo was represented in antiquity human soul. There was a rite of baptism of the cuckoo, which was held when the dead were commemorated. Women and girls gathered in the forest, made a stuffed bird out of rags and flowers and planted it on a branch, and hung neck crosses above it. Instead, you can find a grass called cuckoo, and, having uprooted it, put it on a shirt, then put it on the ground and place two arcs over it crosswise, covering them with scarves and hanging them on both sides along the cross. This is called christening the cuckoo or making a fuss.
Eagle
For all Slavic peoples, the king-bird, the personification of proud power and liberty. The thunder god was most often embodied in him. Folk Russian legends attribute to the eagle the ability to devour at once a whole bull and three ovens of bread, to drink for a single spirit a whole tub of honey. But these same legends depict him as a bird-hero, breaking century-old oaks into small chips with his mighty chest. Can the king bird, in its formidable anger, emit fire from its sharp beak, incinerating entire cities. The appearance of a soaring eagle over the army served as an omen of victory - and not only among the ancient Slavs. According to an old belief, each eagle has an eagle-stone, or a fire-stone, which protects against all diseases, hidden in the nest.
Rooster
In the popular mind, it exists as the embodiment of fire. In the old days, the Slavs dedicated it to Sventovid and recognized it as the best propitiatory sacrifice to the god of fire - Svarog. In peasant life, it is also believed that the rooster protects from fires. That is why they put a wooden or iron rooster on the ridge of the roof. “Let the red rooster go” means to set fire to something. Old people claim that when a fire starts from lightning, a fiery rooster descends from the sky right on the roof. If there is already a rooster on the roof, then the fire will not take root on it. His nicknames were "Glasim Tsar", "Budimir Tsar", he represented native Russia an unfailingly correct watch, allowing you to know the time at night. “The rooster sings - it means that the time has come for the evil spirits of the dark!” - they say among the people, who firmly believe that from the evening and "until the first roosters" it is supposed to roam the earth for every incarnation of the devil. “The rooster sings - they call in heaven for matins!” - the pious elders say, confident in the correctness of the legend: they say, as the roosters stop singing, the whole world will end. Another rooster, "the cockerel - the golden comb" of Russian fairy tales, seems to the popular imagination sitting on the vault of heaven and not afraid of either fire or water. If you throw him into a well, he will drink all the water at once; falls into the fire - it will flood all the flames.
Owl, owls and eagle owl
Bird of Wisdom. Its existence is full of mysteries for humans. The fact that she is a nocturnal reveler already says a lot. According to popular belief, she guards treasures. An owl is an adviser to the goblin, is called in fairy tales and sayings an owl-widow, a reasonable little head, a forest lady. Always and everywhere, the concept of wisdom was combined with the idea of it. Eagle owl - "sovkin's brother-in-law", a constant companion of the forest owner, owls - his messengers.
Woodpecker
The woodpecker returned the stolen things by the fox to the old man and the old woman. For the good deed of the woodpecker, the old woman sewed beautiful suede clothes for him. On his head she put a colorful hat on him.
The old man was a skilled blacksmith. He forged a strong steel beak and sharp claws. And he gave all this to the woodpecker. Since then, the woodpecker wears clothes sewn for him by his grandmother. He gets his food with a steel beak given to him by his grandfather. He has good, strong claws. The woodpecker lives in the trees, so the fox does not come across.
ANIMALShttp://www.proto-slavic.ru/slavonic-myths/marvel-animals.htm
Miracle of the Sea
A monster living in the depths of the sea, sometimes personified by a pike or other incredible fish. to ancient man the cloud looked like a pike - a giant that had swallowed the beautiful luminary of the day. Having swallowed it, the monster cannot find a place for himself because of the heat that burns all his insides; it rushes from side to side, blazes with fire, bleeds with burning tears, and, finally, in complete exhaustion, it throws the captivated sun into free space, disappearing from the brightened sky-sea.
In Slavic legends, there is a wonderful fish that gives birth to fabulous heroes. So, for example, it is said that there lived a queen in the world, who had no children, and she only wanted happiness on earth - she asked, prayed to God for a son. She had a prophetic dream that for this it was necessary to throw a blue silk seine into the sea and eat the first fish taken out of the seine. The queen told this dream to her henchmen, ordered to cast a net: only one fish was caught, and even that was not simple, but golden. They fried it, served it to the queen for dinner, she began to eat it and praise it. The leftovers left after the queen were finished by the cook-cook; I finished it - washed the dishes, took out the slop to my beloved black cow. And then the tsarina's dream came into her hand - on the same day three sons were born into the world: Ivan Tsarevich, Ivan the cook and Ivan the cow's son. Time passed; they grew up, all the good fellows leveled off, they became mighty heroes.
fairy pike
The Russian storyteller-people sometimes gives the pike such a supernatural, all-encompassing power that only a miracle is given to all who see the manifestation of this latter. Such a miraculous fish comes across in the hands, all the same - even to Ivan Tsarevich, even to Emelya the fool - she changes the usual dumbness of her sister-brother, begins to proclaim in a human voice: “Let me go into the water, I’ll be useful to you!” - He speaks. She teaches to pronounce, whenever her help is needed, the words: “At my request, at the command of a pike!” Any desire associated with these magic words, will not be fulfilled slowly. Soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not soon done; but these words have sunk deep into the memory of the people, and still now and then you can hear the proverb - “at the command of a pike” - referring to everything that happens with amazing speed.
With any, even the most ordinary, pike-fish, in the popular imagination, such a natural phenomenon as a violent whirlwind tearing straw from the roofs is associated: “The pike waved its tail - it licked the roof, the forest bent to damp earth!” he says. A sharp scythe and a crooked sickle, cutting off cereals at the root, also evoke in the imagination of the people of eloquence a comparison with a gluttonous predator of the fish kingdom: !”, “The pike (sickle) will spin, the whole forest (field) will wither!”
Wolf
In the most ancient period, when the main occupation of people was hunting, they believed that wild animals were their ancestors. The Slavs considered them to be powerful deities who must be respected, worshiped and in no case revolted by them. The wolf has always been one of the most powerful and dangerous animals in the forests where the Slavs lived, so its cult was widespread and persisted for a long time. The wolf was considered a powerful protector of the tribe, a devourer of evil spirits, but only if the tribe rendered him proper honors as their patron, ancestor. A pagan priest who performed protective rites dressed in a wolf skin.
The wolf is undoubtedly endowed with extraordinary abilities. On the one hand, he is the personification of a dark cloud that obscures the sun, and darkness in general. On the other hand, the image of a wolf is known to help the hero of Slavic fairy tales, the prince, in many of his enterprises: he flies faster than the wind, carries the gray prince on his back from one side of the white world to the other, helps him get the wonderful Firebird, the golden-maned horse and all the beauties the beauty - The maiden king. This fabulous wolf speaks with a human voice and is gifted with extraordinary wisdom.
Hare
The hare is an animal that was often found in the forests where the Slavs lived. They knew very well the habits of this animal and associated with it such qualities as weakness and timidity. They called the white in winter, gray in autumn, red-haired coward-animal in summer - oblique. The hare is not only the embodiment of cowardice, but also the personification of speed.
Horse
The horse is perhaps the closest and most important animal to man. From ancient times he served people, was perceived as a friend and wise helper. This is no coincidence, because without a horse life is unthinkable in the conditions where the Slavic tribes lived. Deifying all visible and invisible nature, people gave special properties to this animal. It was believed that the sun rides across the sky on a golden horse during the day, and at night - on a black one. Therefore, the change of day at night seemed to the imagination of the pagans as a race-competition of two horses. Also in all Slavic legends dark force appears to be riding on a black horse, white - on a white one.
The sound of thunder was represented, according to folk riddles, by the neighing of heavenly horses. Folk tales mention whirlwind horses, cloud horses; both are endowed with wings.
With the advent of folk tales, epic epic, the main characters of which are heroes, the horse takes on a new meaning. It is difficult to imagine the epic hero without his kind, faithful, greyhound (fast) horse, before these two images merged, became related.
Later, folk fantasy gave birth to a little magician, the humpbacked horse, who has the power to fly in the blink of an eye with his rider to a faraway kingdom, to a faraway state. The owner of such a humpbacked horse gets everything he wants.
Many signs associated with this constant companion of man exist in Russia: a horse neighs - for good, stomps - to the road, draws road air through its nostrils - the house is close, snorts on the way - to a good meeting (or to rain). The horse stumbles when leaving the yard - it is better to turn back so that no harm comes of it; raspryazhetsya road - to be an inevitable disaster. The plowman's servant friend, the horse, remains faithful to him even after his death!
Cat
Animal, very loved by the people. Not a single household could exist without this small but faithful animal, since the cat eats mice, which in other years eat whole crops in barns. Veduns bewitched cats to people's dwellings with conspiracies "from the mouse." There is an old belief that a cat is so tenacious that only the ninth death can kill her to death.
The cat of all peoples was the companion of sorcerers. Popular superstition ascribes to her eyes that see in the dark an extraordinary power drawn from the mysterious world. A three-haired cat, according to our plowmen, brings happiness to the house where it lives; a seven-haired cat is an even more sure guarantee of family well-being. According to Russian fairy tales, a cat is almost the smartest animal. She herself tells fairy tales and knows how to avert her eyes no worse than a meticulous healer. Kot-bayun was endowed with a voice that was heard seven miles away, and saw seven miles away; as he purred, it used to be that he would let anyone he wanted into an enchanted dream, which you could not distinguish, without knowing, from death.
Chanterelle-sister (aka Kuma-fox)
An amazing beast, its bad and good qualities. Undoubtedly, this is a predator that brings harm to the economy. On the other hand, a person who had to fight for survival in the conditions of cruel nature was impressed by her cunning and evasiveness, her ability to get out of a difficult situation not by brute force, but with the help of a dodgy mind. They call her the gossip, Patrikeevna. She - "she will lead seven wolves", no matter how the dog guards the yard from her, and she will get chicken meat for herself.
Fox is bright female image in the animal world, the companion and embodiment of Mokosh - the goddess of fate and harvest. The Slavs revered the fox for cunning, resourcefulness and ingenuity, affectionately called godfather and sister. For the red color, the Fox was compared with fire, and also with a thundercloud because of the brown shade of the fur coat. In Siberia, predawn dusk, when Sun rays painted the sky in a dark orange color, called fox darkness. But the fox was also associated with the winter cold, illness and illness caused by cold. The fox owes this relationship to Mara, the goddess of winter, possibly the incarnation of Mokosh. Fox time is the beginning and middle of winter. Colors - red, red, brown.
Bear
Bear worship has been going on since the most ancient pagan times, when people lived in unity with the animal world among forests, in thickets and won their living space in a fierce struggle with nature. The owner of the pagan forest was a bear - the most powerful beast. He was considered the protector from all evil and the patron of fertility. The myth of the Bear - the owner of the forest, a powerful deity - is preserved in Russian fairy tales, where the heroine enters his house in a dense thicket of the forest, becomes his wife, and their son Bear's Ear turns into mighty hero, the slayer of monsters.
For a long time, the bear was revered as sacred, and even much later, the hunters still did not dare to pronounce the word “bear” and called him either Mikhail Potapych, or Toptygin, or simply Mishka. Gentle and even kind in his own way - in a bearish way - he is, if you do not touch him; but the hunters who come at him with an ax and a horn, it’s completely in vain to rely on his kindness: he knows how to be more formidable than a formidable governor - and look, he will turn from a “club-footed bear” into a ferocious forest monster.
Dog symbol of the year 2018
There is no such person who does not agree with the saying: “A dog is a true friend to a person!” The life of nature so happened that the dog - the closest relative of the wolf - became his enemy and from ancient times the protector of man from him. She protects and protects the master's good. When a wolf hears a dog barking, he tries to get around: the gray one knows that these watchmen have sharp teeth, and their instincts are amazing. The eloquent plowman said a lot of all sorts of winged words about his faithful friend, the watchman, and they all speak with one voice about dog affection, about dog scent, about dog unpretentiousness. By the barking of a dog, a traveler who has gone astray will recognize where human habitation is nearby. According to him, red girls also guess at Christmas time: “Bark, bark, dog, where is my betrothed!”
Dragon
Description of the Serpent Gorynych, from ancient fairy tales: “A dimensional cloud flew in, covered the red Yarilo. A great wind arose, and the Serpent Gorynych (three-headed) flew in a cloud. He broke the huts, scattered the haystacks, carried away people and cattle in full. The image "serpents" means round and long, like a snake. "Gorynych" - because it is as high as a mountain. AT this description We are talking about such a natural phenomenon as a tornado. The Serpent Gorynych can be three-headed (that is, 3 funnels come out of the cloud), and nine-headed, etc.
In other ancient Russian fairy tales, a constant feature of the Serpent Gorynych is his connection with fire: “A fierce serpent flies, burns with fire, threatens death”, “Here the serpent emitted a fiery flame from itself, wants to burn the prince.” His constant threat: "I will burn your kingdom (i.e. body) with fire, scatter it with ashes." In Russian folk tales, the Serpent symbolizes uncontrolled animal instincts and is the guardian of the border between Yavu and Navu (physical and other world). The border itself is described as a fiery river, a bridge leads through it, which can be crossed by the one who defeats the snake, that is, defeats all his animal elements.
PLANTS
The image of a tree in our minds is perceived as a symbol of life. Indeed, it is difficult to find a more illustrative way of life than in the world of plants, in particular among trees, especially those whose life span is much longer than a human, and also those that bear fruit for decades and bear a large variety of fruits or remain green all year round. For the Slavic peoples, these are oak, birch, aspen, willow, as well as evergreen and fruit trees. Hence the veneration of trees and their use in ritual and medical practice, aimed at communicating to man the vital energy of plants. In traditional culture, the image of a tree is one of the most capacious for embodying the idea of the eternal cycle of life - the fundamental idea for the worldview.
Apple
The apple is a symbol of youth and immortality: The apple is not only the most popular, democratic and beloved fruit in the world, but also an unusually healing one. Therefore, in many fairy tales, an apple is a symbol of youth and immortality, and a golden ruddy skin is beauty and health. In Russian folk tales, the plot about the healing properties of apples is very popular: “The Tsar is very outdated and impoverished with his eyes, but he heard that far away, in the faraway kingdom, there is a garden with rejuvenating apples and a well with living water ...” (“The Tale of Rejuvenating Apples and living water). Rejuvenating apples that help get rid of ailments, we meet in many other fairy tales. “I let him go (Solntseva’s sister) to visit his homeland and gave him a brush, a comb and two rejuvenating apples for the road: no matter how old a person is, but if he eats an apple, he will instantly become younger” (Russian folk tale “The Witch and the Solntseva Sister”). “... As soon as she tasted these apples, she instantly recovered and jumped out of bed” (German fairy tale “Vulture Bird”). “The children took eyeballs, brought them to their mother, put them on their eye sockets, and the mother received her sight” (Georgian fairy tale “Five brothers and a sister”).
An apple is a symbol of wisdom, knowledge of life:“An apple rolls on a saucer, poured on silver, and on a saucer all the cities are visible one after another, ships on the seas and shelves in the fields, and the heights of the mountains, and the beauty of the heavens.” These are the words from "The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Liquid Apple", here the apple plays the role of a fortune teller, as it knows about everything that happens in the world. An apple can lead to the right place: “The wife gave him an apple and said: “Roll this apple and follow him, it will lead you where you need to ...” (Georgian fairy tale “Daughter of the Sun”); an apple can feed and cheer, as in the Ukrainian fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and the Red Maiden", it can become a magical talisman that revives the treasure (Bulgarian fairy tale "Death to the Fates"). It is the apple in many fairy tales that helps the heroes to learn something new, secret. It becomes an assistant to positive characters.
The apple is the fruit of life and love:An almost perfect round shape was associated with ideas about the world and space. Many nations saw an unusual fruit in an apple - the fruit of the tree of life. It is under such a tree that the gods gather for great advice, they come here with knowledge. An apple in translation from Romance languages means "paradise fruit". The apple was given for weddings and christenings. An apple is the fruit of the tree of life, so in fairy tales it can predict the fate of heroes. AT German fairy tale"White Snake" Golden Apple from the tree of life bestows love on the heroes: “They shared the apple of life and ate it together: and her heart was filled with love for him, they lived in serene happiness to a very old age.”
Fern
Everyone knows this legend, which tells about Ivan's Day (The pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, previously celebrated on the day of the summer solstice (i.e. the longest daylight day of the year) before the baptism of Russia, is now celebrated on July 7 on the day of the Nativity of John the Baptist i.e. astronomical correspondence to the pagan holiday is now lost). So, according to legend, it was at midnight on Ivan Kupala that a bright fiery fern flower bloomed, so bright that it was impossible to look at it and the earth opened up, flaunting all the treasures and treasures. An invisible hand rips it off, and the human hand has almost never been able to do it. Whoever manages to pluck this flower will acquire the power to command everyone.
Who wants to get the color of the fern, he must go to the forest on the eve of the bright holiday of Kupala ... ... Then everything secret and hidden will be known and available ...
Blooming Sally
It is associated with the old Russian word “tea” (not a drink!), which meant: most likely, perhaps, apparently, etc. In one Russian village, the guy Ivan lived. He was very fond of red shirts, he used to put on a shirt, go out to the outskirts and walk along the edge of the forest, walk. The villagers, seeing a bright red color among the greenery, said: “Yes, this is Ivan, tea, he walks.” They got so used to it that they didn’t even notice how Ivan was gone in the village, and they began to speak to the scarlet flowers that suddenly appeared at the outskirts of the village: “Yes, this is Ivan, tea!”
NATURAL ELEMENTS
Earth, water, fire and air
Since ancient times, man has respected the forces of nature, on which the well-being of his life largely depended. Our ancestors perceived the natural elements as living. They were worshiped and sacrificed, they were addressed with requests and expected help from them. Archaic ideas about the relationship between the forces of nature and people are reflected not only in rituals, prohibitions, prescriptions, but also in folklore works different genres: fairy tales, epics, legends, mythological stories, conspiracies, proverbs, sayings. In various texts, one can often find an appeal for help to natural elements, endowed, according to legend, with unusual power. These are requests not only for economic activity a farmer, but also requests for a cure for illness or misfortune, for the arrangement of personal destiny.
Self-assembly tablecloth
Nature itself appears in the image of the Self-Assembly Tablecloth in the fairy tale with the most useful food for humans, which has been grown by SAMA in the Gardens of Eden, Prophetic Forests and Flowering Meadows - forest and garden berries, fruits, nuts and herbs.
Egg
In ancient cosmogony, the world egg is golden. In ancient cultures, the egg also personified the Sun as a source of spring rebirth and the creative forces of nature. In Russian fairy tales, according to some researchers of folklore, the Sun takes on the zoomorphic image of the Firebird, which is kidnapped by the forces of Darkness or Winter in the form of a sorcerer or sorcerer-king; however, the Firebird manages to lay a golden egg - the source of subsequent life, light and heat.
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