Tretyakov Gallery. XX century - Crimeophilia. Tretyakov Gallery Permanent exhibition Tretyakov Gallery 20th century art

Art

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The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums Russian visual arts... Today the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery has about one hundred thousand items.

With so many exhibits, you can wander around the exposition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route along Tretyakov Gallery passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

Inspection begins from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket offices, on the left there is a staircase leading to the second floor. The numbers of the halls are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost entirely devoted to the painting by Alexander Andreevich Ivanov "The Appearance of the Messiah" (more famous name- "The Appearance of Christ to the People"). The canvas itself occupies an entire wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and studies, of which a great many have accumulated over twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted "The Appearance of the Messiah" in Italy, then, not without incident, he transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting at home, he died suddenly. It is interesting that the canvas depicts Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself, among others.

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In hall 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev "Unequal marriage". Rumor has it that this painting is autobiographical: Pukirev's failed bride was married to a rich prince. The artist immortalized himself in the picture - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions have no factual confirmation.

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Hall number 16

On the left, in the same room, is the painting by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky "Princess Tarakanova". The painting depicts the legendary impostor trying to impersonate the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, “to the people” (also thanks to the work of Flavitsky) went another: the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in the prison cell of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

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Hall number 16

In the 17th hall there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov "Hunters at a Halt". The canvas shows a whole plot composition: An older character (left) is telling a fictional story that a young hunter (right) sincerely believes. Middle-aged man (center) is skeptical about the story and only chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov's painting and Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter".

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Hall number 17

Hall 18 houses the most famous painting by Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov "The Rooks Have Arrived", written in Kostroma region... The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now there is the Savrasov Museum.

Unfortunately, despite many excellent works, the artist remained in the memory of the people "the author of one picture" and died in poverty. However, it was the Rooks that became the starting point for a new genre of the landscape school in Russia - the lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov wrote several replicas of the picture.

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Hall number 18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky "Rainbow". Surprisingly, the artist, who wrote about six thousand canvases in his life, has always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marineism. The presented picture in terms of the plot is no different from most of Aivazovsky's works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Usually using bright colors, the artist chose softer tones for "Rainbow".

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Hall No. 19

Hall 20 contains famous canvas Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Unknown" (he is often mistakenly called "Stranger"). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady riding in a carriage. It is interesting that the personality of a woman has remained a mystery both for the artist's contemporaries and for art critics.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the "Itinerants" society - an association of artists who opposed themselves to the representatives of academism in painting and organized traveling exhibitions of their works.

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Hall number 20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in hall 25 there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin "Morning in a pine forest" (sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called "Morning in a pine forest"). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the picture: the landscape painter Shishkin and the genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted teddy bears, in addition, he is sometimes credited with the very idea of ​​creating a picture. There are several versions of how Savitsky's signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, Konstantin Apollonovich removed his last name from the finished work himself, thereby abandoning the authorship, according to the other - the artist's signature was erased by the collector Pavel Tretyakov after buying the painting.

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Hall number 25

In hall 26 there are three fabulous paintings Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov: "Alyonushka", "Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf" and "Heroes". Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - are almost the most famous heroes Russian epics. On Vasnetsov's canvas, brave fellows, ready to take battle at any moment, are looking out for an enemy on the horizon.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. So, for example, the extension of the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov gallery of the ball was designed by him.

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Hall number 26

In the 27th hall there is a painting by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin "The Apotheosis of War", which belongs to the series of paintings "Barbara", written by the artist under the impression of the military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out for the sake of. According to one of the legends, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring a severed head of the traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

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Hall number 27

Room 28 houses one of the most famous and important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery - "Boyarynya Morozova" by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Theodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, as a result of a conflict with the tsar, the boyary woman - Morozova refused to accept the new faith - is being taken through one of the Moscow squares to the place of confinement. Theodora threw up two fingers as a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of hunger in the earthen prison of the monastery.

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Hall number 28

Here, in the 28th hall, there is another epic painting by Surikov - "The Morning of the Streltsy Execution". The rifle regiments were sentenced to death in a failed riot caused by hardships military service... The picture deliberately depicts not the execution itself, but only people in anticipation of it. However, there is a legend that initially the archers who had already been executed by hanging were painted on the sketches of the canvases, but once, having entered the artist's workshop and saw the sketch, the servant fainted. Surikov, who wanted not to shock the public, but to convey the state of mind of the condemned in the last minutes of their lives, removed the images of the hanged from the picture.

Free admission days at the museum

Every Wednesday admission to the permanent exhibition "Art of the 20th century" and temporary exhibitions in (Krymsky Val, 10) is free for visitors without a guided tour (except for the exhibition "Ilya Repin" and the project "Vanguard in three dimensions: Goncharova and Malevich").

The right to free access to exhibitions in the main building in Lavrushinsky lane, the Engineering building, the New Tretyakov Gallery, the house-museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, A.M. Vasnetsov is provided on the following days for certain categories of citizens:

First and second Sunday of every month:

for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of study (including foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjuncts, residents, assistants-trainees) upon presentation of a student card (does not apply to persons presenting student cards "student-trainee" );

for students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old) (citizens of Russia and CIS countries). Students-holders of ISIC cards on the first and second Sunday of each month have the right to visit the exhibition "Art of the XX century" of the New Tretyakov Gallery free of charge.

every Saturday - for members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Please note that conditions for free admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the information on the pages of the exhibitions.

Attention! At the box office of the Gallery, entrance tickets are provided with a face value "free" (upon presentation of the relevant documents - for the above visitors). Moreover, all services of the Gallery, including excursion service, are paid in accordance with the established procedure.

Visit to the museum in holidays

Dear visitors!

Please pay attention to the opening hours of the Tretyakov Gallery on holidays. The visit is paid.

Please note that e-ticket admission is in order general queue... You can familiarize yourself with the rules for returning electronic tickets at.

Congratulations on the upcoming holiday and are waiting in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!

The right to preferential visits The Gallery, except for the cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, is provided upon presentation of documents confirming the right to preferential visits:

• pensioners (citizens of Russia and CIS countries),
• full holders of the "Order of Glory",
• students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old),
• students of higher educational institutions of Russia, as well as foreign students studying at Russian universities (except for student trainees),
• members of large families (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens purchase a discounted ticket.

Free admission right The main and temporary exhibitions of the Gallery, except for the cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, are provided for the following categories of citizens upon presentation of documents confirming the right to free admission:

• persons under the age of 18;
• students of faculties specializing in the field of fine arts of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions of Russia, regardless of the form of study (as well as foreign students studying at Russian universities). The clause does not apply to persons presenting student cards for "student trainees" (in the absence of information about the faculty in the student card, a certificate from the educational institution is presented with the obligatory indication of the faculty);
• veterans and invalids of the Great Patriotic War, participants in hostilities, former underage prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War, illegally repressed and rehabilitated citizens (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• conscripts Russian Federation;
• Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• disabled people of groups I and II, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying person with a disabled person of group I (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying child with a disability (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• artists, architects, designers - members of the corresponding creative Unions of Russia and its subjects, art critics - members of the Association of Art Critics of Russia and its subjects, members and employees Russian Academy arts;
• members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM);
• employees of museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the relevant Departments of Culture, employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and ministries of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• Museum volunteers - entrance to the exhibition "Art of the XX century" (Krymsky Val, 10) and to the A.M. Vasnetsova (citizens of Russia);
• guides-translators who have an accreditation card of the Association of Guides-Translators and Tour Managers of Russia, including those accompanying a group of foreign tourists;
• one teacher of an educational institution and one accompanying group of students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (if available excursion vouchers, subscription); one teacher of an educational institution with state accreditation educational activities when conducting an agreed training session and having a special badge (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying group of students or a group of conscripts (in the presence of a guided tour voucher, subscription and during a training session) (citizens of Russia).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens receive a free entrance ticket.

Please note that conditions for preferential admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the information on the pages of the exhibitions.

Free admission days at the museum

Every Wednesday admission to the permanent exhibition "Art of the 20th century" and temporary exhibitions in (Krymsky Val, 10) is free for visitors without a guided tour (except for the exhibition "Ilya Repin" and the project "Vanguard in three dimensions: Goncharova and Malevich").

The right to free access to exhibitions in the main building in Lavrushinsky lane, the Engineering building, the New Tretyakov Gallery, the house-museum of V.M. Vasnetsov, A.M. Vasnetsov is provided on the following days for certain categories of citizens:

First and second Sunday of every month:

for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, regardless of the form of study (including foreign citizens-students of Russian universities, graduate students, adjuncts, residents, assistants-trainees) upon presentation of a student card (does not apply to persons presenting student cards "student-trainee" );

for students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old) (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries). Students-holders of ISIC cards on the first and second Sunday of each month have the right to visit the exhibition "Art of the XX century" of the New Tretyakov Gallery free of charge.

every Saturday - for members of large families (citizens of Russia and CIS countries).

Please note that conditions for free admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the information on the pages of the exhibitions.

Attention! At the box office of the Gallery, entrance tickets are provided with a face value "free" (upon presentation of the relevant documents - for the above visitors). Moreover, all services of the Gallery, including excursion services, are paid in accordance with the established procedure.

Visiting the museum on holidays

Dear visitors!

Please pay attention to the opening hours of the Tretyakov Gallery on holidays. The visit is paid.

Please note that e-tickets are admitted on a first come, first served basis. You can familiarize yourself with the rules for returning electronic tickets at.

Congratulations on the upcoming holiday and are waiting in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery!

The right to preferential visits The Gallery, except for the cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, is provided upon presentation of documents confirming the right to preferential visits:

• pensioners (citizens of Russia and CIS countries),
• full holders of the "Order of Glory",
• students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (from 18 years old),
• students of higher educational institutions of Russia, as well as foreign students studying at Russian universities (except for student trainees),
• members of large families (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens purchase a discounted ticket.

Free admission right The main and temporary exhibitions of the Gallery, except for the cases provided for by a separate order of the Gallery's management, are provided for the following categories of citizens upon presentation of documents confirming the right to free admission:

• persons under the age of 18;
• students of faculties specializing in the field of fine arts of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions of Russia, regardless of the form of study (as well as foreign students studying at Russian universities). The clause does not apply to persons presenting student cards for "student trainees" (in the absence of information about the faculty in the student card, a certificate from the educational institution is presented with the obligatory indication of the faculty);
• veterans and invalids of the Great Patriotic War, combatants, former underage prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War, illegally repressed and rehabilitated citizens (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• conscripts of the Russian Federation;
• Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• disabled people of groups I and II, participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying person with a disabled person of group I (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying child with a disability (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• artists, architects, designers - members of the corresponding creative Unions of Russia and its subjects, art critics - members of the Association of Art Critics of Russia and its subjects, members and employees of the Russian Academy of Arts;
• members of the International Council of Museums (ICOM);
• employees of museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the relevant Departments of Culture, employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and ministries of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• Museum volunteers - entrance to the exhibition "Art of the XX century" (Krymsky Val, 10) and to the A.M. Vasnetsova (citizens of Russia);
• guides-translators who have an accreditation card of the Association of Guides-Translators and Tour Managers of Russia, including those accompanying a group of foreign tourists;
• one teacher of an educational institution and one accompanying group of students of secondary and secondary specialized educational institutions (in the presence of an excursion voucher, subscription); one teacher of an educational institution that has state accreditation for educational activities during an agreed training session and has a special badge (citizens of Russia and the CIS countries);
• one accompanying group of students or a group of conscripts (in the presence of a guided tour voucher, subscription and during a training session) (citizens of Russia).

Visitors to the above categories of citizens receive a free entrance ticket.

Please note that conditions for preferential admission to temporary exhibitions may vary. Check the information on the pages of the exhibitions.

• Department of the State Tretyakov Gallery presents Russian artXXcentury- avant-garde, constructivism, socialist realism and etc.
• Paintings and sculptures from the 1900s-1960s are displayed on the second floor.
• Malevich's masterpieces(the first version of "Black Square" and other compositions), Mark Chagall, Wassily Kandinsky and other artists.
• To see the works contemporary Russian art(1950s to the present), you need to go to the third floor.
• The gallery hosts thematic exhibitions, educational work is underway - lectures, discussions, film screenings.
• There is a creative center for children.

The department of the State Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val is entirely devoted to Russian art of the 20th century. It is here that the first Black Square, Tatlin's Letatlins, Mashkov's still lifes and Konchalovsky's portraits, Petrov-Vodkin's Bathing of the Red Horse, the main symbols of socialist realism and the work of the most important nonconformists are exhibited. A visit to this museum is comparable to a trip to Russia in the 20th century.

Exposition

The museum space with a permanent exhibition is divided into two floors. The second floor houses the bulk of the collection: paintings and sculptures from the 1900s to the 1960s. The third floor is occupied by a collection of contemporary Russian art: from the 1950s to the present day. The first five rooms on the second floor are dedicated to the early Russian avant-garde: the artists of the Jack of Diamonds and Donkey tail"(M. Larionov and P. Konchalovsky, I. Mashkov) and individual masters: N. Pirosmani, V. Tatlin, A. Lentulov and others. The next section (halls 5, 6, 9) - works of the classic Russian avant-garde 1910- x years: “Black Square” and other Suprematist compositions by Kazimir Malevich, “Running Landscape” by Ilya Klyun, works by Olga Rozanova, Tatlin's counter-reliefs, “Composition VII” by Wassily Kandinsky, “Above the City” by Marc Chagall, “Venice” by Alexandra Exter, compositions by Pavel Filonov.

In halls 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 you can see the works of constructivist artists: Alexander Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova, Lyubov Popova, Lazar Lissitzky, Georgy Shtenberg and the OBMOKHU association.

Rooms 15-25 show paintings of a difficultly defined period from the mid-1920s - early 1930s, when avant-garde trends are gradually fading into the background. These are works of very different masters, some of whom (A. Drevin, G. Rublev, etc.) did not have the opportunity to exhibit during their lifetime, worked for themselves and a narrow circle, while others, for example, A. Deineka and Y. Pimenov, became central figures of the official style.

Classic works of socialist realism are presented in parallel in the same spaces. Among them are “Goalkeeper” by Alexander Deineka, Isaac Brodsky, portraits of M. Nesterov and P. Korin, “An Unforgettable Meeting” by Vasily Yevfanov, “Stalin and Voroshilov in the Kremlin” by Alexander Gerasimov, “New Moscow” by Yuri Pimenov, “Letter from the Front” by Alexander Laktionova, “Again a deuce” by Fedor Reshetnikov.

The exposition in halls 27-37 marks a new period in Russian history - the Khrushchev thaw of the 1950s-1960s and the continuation of the artistic quest of young generations. This is the work of artists Tair Salakhov, Viktor Popkov, brothers Sergei and Alexei Tkachev, Geliy Korzhev, Pavel Nikonov, Dmitry Zhilinsky, Tatiana Nazarenko.

Nonconformist art, which has developed since the second half of the 1950s, is presented in rooms 30-35. Nonconformists did not accept the official line of Soviet art and, accordingly, did not have the opportunity to exhibit widely. Looking for individual style these artists appeal to the forgotten traditions of the Russian avant-garde and Western modernism. In the State Tretyakov Gallery collection this period is represented by works by Vladimir Yakovlev, Anatoly Zverev, Lev Kropyvnitsky, Oscar Rabin, Vladimir Nemukhin, Mikhail Roginsky, Dmitry Plavinsky, Dmitry Krasnopevtsev, Vladimir Weisberg, Viktor Pivovarov, Vladimir Yankilevsky.

The collection of paintings by representatives of the latest trends, exhibited in the halls of the fourth floor, is replenished every year. In terms of time, it intersects with the collection of paintings from the second half of the century. Shown here are the works of such masters as Ilya Kabakov, Francisco Infante, Konstantin Zvezdochetov, Yuri Albert, Oleg Kulik, Ivan Chuikov, Dmitry Prigov and others.

Gallery activities

The exposition on Krymsky Val was opened in 1986 - three years after the completion of the building that was originally intended for the Gallery. The building was conceived as a continuation of the Park im. Gorky, therefore its forms resemble a park pavilion. For the same reason, it has an open lower part with free-standing supports, a large length and a low number of storeys. Huge exhibition spaces give the museum the opportunity to carry out major exhibition projects dedicated to different periods history of art. In the 2000s, the exhibition “Karl Bryullov. On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth "," In Malevich's circle "," OSCAR RABIN. THREE LIVES. Retrospective "," Victor Popkov. 1932-1974 "and others. In the 2010s -" Dmitry Prigov. From the Renaissance to conceptualism and beyond ”,“ Natalia Goncharova. Between East and West "," Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) - the path to abstraction "," Konstantin Korovin. Painting. Theatre. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of his birth ”,“ What is truth? NIKOLAI GE. On the occasion of the 180th anniversary of his birth ”,“ ALEXANDER LABAS. At the speed of the XX century "and others.

The museum is actively involved in educational work. Large exhibitions are accompanied by lectures, discussions and film screenings. There is also a separate lecture hall with cycles on the history of Russian art for adults, creative workshops for children, special courses and an Art Critic School for young people.

The Tretyakov Gallery - as the museum is called in everyday life - has a rich collection and is famous for its many ideas and projects that have found their embodiment. That is why the Tretyakov Gallery has become so widely known and attracts the attention of true connoisseurs of art from different parts of the world. Even people who, it would seem, are far from such "lofty matters" aspire to visit its halls to get acquainted with the work of the great masters of the brush. Come to Moscow and not go to the Tretyakov Gallery? This is even difficult to imagine, since it is usually included in all excursion programs. Of course, you can visit here on an individual excursion.

The Tretyakov Gallery, as one of the most famous cultural institutions in Russia, proclaims four main goals of its activities: to preserve, research, present and popularize Russian art, thereby forming a national cultural identity and instilling in modern generations an understanding of that important role played by art as the embodiment of achievements and an expression of the civilization of our society. And these goals are achieved through the acquaintance of our fellow citizens (we are not talking about foreign tourists) with genuine masterpieces - the creations of Russian and world talents. Thus, as one of the grateful visitors to the Tretyakov Gallery noted in his review, people's lives are becoming brighter, more beautiful and better.

Who was the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery?

We will begin our excursion into the history of the Tretyakov Gallery with an acquaintance with its founder - an outstanding man, without exaggeration, whose name is forever inscribed in the tablets of Russian culture. This is Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who belonged to a well-known merchant family that had nothing to do with culture: his parents were exclusively engaged in commerce. But since Paul belonged to a wealthy family, he received an excellent education for those times and he began to show a craving for beauty. As an adult, he joined, as they would say now, in the family business, helping his father in every possible way. When both parents were gone, the factory, which they owned, passed to the young Tretyakov, and he was thoroughly engaged in its development. The company grew, bringing in more and more income. However, despite being extremely busy, Pavel Mikhailovich did not give up his passion for art.

Tretyakov often thought about creating the first permanent exhibition of Russian painting not only in the capital, but also in Russia. Two years before the opening of the gallery, he began to acquire paintings by Dutch masters. The legendary collection of Tretyakov began in 1856. The young merchant was then only 24 years old. The very first novice philanthropist acquired oil paintings "Clash with Finnish smugglers" by V. Khudyakov and "Temptation" by N. Schilder. Today the names of these artists are well known, but then, in the second half of the 19th century, the general public did not know anything about them yet.

Pavel Tretyakov has been replenishing his unique and priceless collection for several decades. He collected canvases not only of outstanding painters, but also supported friendly relations with novice masters, without refusing to help those who needed it, he promoted their work in every possible way. If you give the names of everyone who should be grateful to the patron for comprehensive help and support, then the framework of one article will not be enough for this - the list will be impressive.

History of the Tretyakov Gallery

The creator of the unique museum saw his brainchild not just as a repository of works by Russian artists, but precisely those of their canvases that would convey the true essence of the Russian soul - an open, wide, full of love for their Fatherland. And in the summer of 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich donated his collection in Moscow. So the Tretyakov Gallery became the first public museum in Russia.

The project of the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery by V.M. Vasnetsov, 1900 "Boy in the Bath" (1858)

At the time of the transfer, the collection consisted not only of paintings, but also of graphic works by Russian painters: the first were 1287 copies, the second - 518. Separately, it should be said about the works of European authors (there were over 80 of them) and a large collection of Orthodox icons. In addition, there was a place in the collection for sculptures, there were 15 of them.

The Moscow authorities also contributed to the replenishment of the museum collection, acquiring real masterpieces of world fine art at the expense of the city treasury. By 1917, which became fatal for Russia, there were already 4 thousand storage units in the Tretyakov Gallery. A year later, already under the Bolshevik government, the museum received the status of a state museum. At the same time, the Soviet government nationalized many private collections.

The Tretyakov Gallery, in addition, was replenished by including exhibits from small metropolitan museums: the Rumyantsev Museum, the Tsvetkovskaya Gallery, the Museum of Painting and Iconography of I. S. Ostroukhov. Thus, the beginning of the 30s of the last century was marked by a more than fivefold increase in the art collection. At the same time, the canvases of Western European artists were transferred to other collections. Founded by P.M. Tretyakov, the gallery has become a repository of paintings glorifying the originality of the Russian people, and this is its fundamental difference from other museums and galleries.

Painting by Louis Caravac "Portrait of Empress Anna Ioannovna". 1730 year
"A peasant in trouble" by sculptor Chizhov M.A.

Buildings of the Tretyakov Gallery

The main building of the Tretyakov Gallery at 10 Lavrushinsky Lane, in Zamoskvorechye, formerly belonged to the founder's family - his parents and himself lived in this house. Subsequently, the merchant's estate was rebuilt several times. The gallery also occupies buildings adjacent to the main building. The facade, which we can see today, was built at the beginning of the last century, the author of the sketches was V.M. Vasnetsov.

The style of the building is neo-Russian, and this is no coincidence: this was also intended to emphasize the fact that the museum is a repository of samples of Russian art. On the same main facade, visitors can see a bas-relief image of the capital's coat of arms - St. George with a serpent. And on both sides of it there is a ceramic polychrome frieze, very elegant. A large ligature inscription with the names of Peter and Sergei Tretyakov, both donors of the collection, forms a single whole with the frieze.

In 1930, to the right of the main building, an additional room was erected according to the project of the architect A. Shchusov. To the left of the former merchant estate is the Corps of Engineers. In addition, the Tretyakov Gallery owns a complex on Krymsky Val, where, in particular, exhibitions are held contemporary art... The exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museum-church of St. Nicholas, as well as the museum of A.M. Vasnetsov, the house-museum of the people's artist P.D.Korin and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A.S. Golubkina also belong to the Tretyakov Gallery.

What to see in the Tretyakov Gallery

At present, the Tretyakov Gallery is more than just a museum; it is a center for the study of various trends in art. The gallery workers, who are high-class professionals, often act as experts and restorers, whose opinions and assessments are listened to. Another property of the gallery can be considered a unique book fund, which contains over 200 thousand thematic publications in various areas of art.

Now directly about the exposure. The modern collection includes more than 170 thousand works of Russian art, and this is far from the limit: it continues to grow thanks to artists, donations from individuals, various organizations and heirs of prominent artists who donate various works. The exposition is divided into sections, each covering a certain historical period. Let's call them: Old Russian art, starting from the XII and ending with the XVIII century; painting XVII- the first half of the XIX centuries; painting of the second half of the 19th century; Russian graphics from the XIII to XIX centuries, as well as Russian sculpture of the same period.

"Morning in a pine forest" Ivan Shishkin, Konstantin Savitsky. 1889 year"Heroes" Viktor Vasnetsov. 1898 year

So, in the section of Old Russian art, the works of both famous icon painters and those who remained unnamed are presented. Of the famous names, let us name Andrei Rublev, Theophanes the Greek, Dionysius. In the halls reserved for masterpieces Art XVIII- in the first half of the 19th century, the canvases of such outstanding masters as F. S. Rokotov, V. L. Borovikovsky, D. G. Levitsky, K. L. Bryullov, A. A. Ivanov were exhibited.

Noteworthy is the section of Russian realistic art dating from the second half of the 1800s, presented in all its fullness and diversity. In this part of the Tretyakov Gallery you can see the outstanding works of I. E. Repin, V. I. Surikov, I. N. Kramskoy, I. I. Shishkin, I. I. Levitan and many other masters of the brush. Among the most famous and discussed is the famous "Black Square" by Kazimir Malevich.

Turning to the vibrant collection of works of the late XIX - early XX century, you will see immortal work V. A. Serov and M. A. Vrubel, as well as the masters of the art associations that existed at that time: "The Union of Russian Artists", "World of Art" and "Blue Rose".

Separately, it should be said about that part of the exposition, which is known as the "Treasury". Here is a literally priceless collection of art items made of precious stones and precious metals, made from the 12th to the 20th century.

In another special section of the Tretyakov Gallery, samples of graphics are displayed, the peculiarity of which is that they should not be exposed to direct bright light. They are exhibited in halls with soft artificial lighting, which makes them seem especially beautiful and charming.

For the attention of tourists: photographing temporary exhibitions in the Tretyakov Gallery may be prohibited (this is reported separately).

Working hours

The Tretyakov Gallery is open on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Sundays from 10:00 to 18:00; Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays - from 10:00 to 21:00. Day off - Monday. Tours can be booked at the tour desk located at the main entrance. It lasts from 1 hour 15 minutes to one and a half hours.

How to get there

You can get to the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery at 10 Lavrushinsky Lane by metro. Stations: "Tretyakovskaya" or "Polyanka" (Kalininskaya metro line), as well as "Oktyabrskaya" and "Novokuznetskaya" Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line and "Oktyabrskaya" Circle line.