Exhibition Beasts. Birds. Fishes. The image of an animal in the visual arts. The image of animals in folk art Famous paintings and artists of the animalistic genre. Creators of the East

A new exhibition at the Sergey Andriyaka School of Watercolors presents painting, graphics (including books), sculptures, samples of decorative and applied art with subjects on the theme of wildlife

School of watercolors by Sergei Andriyaka, November 30, 2012 - February 2, 2013
Moscow, Gorokhovsky per., 17

Today, the exhibition “Animals in fine arts". The exposition includes painting, graphics, sculpture, samples of decorative and applied art with subjects on the theme of wildlife; book illustration, where the main characters of the works are animals, birds, insects and underwater inhabitants, created by artists of the 18th - 21st centuries.

The fauna of our planet is so large and diverse that it is simply impossible to tell about all the masters of this genre from its origins to the present day within the framework of one exhibition. And since it is deployed within the walls of an educational institution - the Sergei Andriyaka School of Watercolors, the authors of the project reveal this topic in the form of answers to the questions: “Why today, in the age of digital technology and the Internet, be able to draw animals? Where did the masters of the past get inspiration, who were their teachers? In what sphere of creative activity can contemporary artists drawing animals and birds apply their knowledge and skills? "

Thanks to this educational and methodological approach, visitors have a unique opportunity to see animals through the eyes of animalists. different eras and "specialties": painters - masters of the genre, leading teaching activities; graphic artists - designers of children's books and masters of scientific illustration, cartoon films; sculptors whose works are in the collections of the Museum of Ceramics; artists who paint wild animals and birds in their natural environment. While examining the exhibition, the attentive visitor will highlight several themes in the exposition: “portraits of animals”, “master and student”, “mother and child”, “children not in a cage”, “excursion into the history of animalism”, etc. The only thing that was deliberately refused the authors, so it is from scenes of hunting, violence and death.

You will see a cautious tiger lurking in the reeds; a young foal touchingly clung to her mother's neck; a long-eared dog looking straight into your soul with huge eyes ... One of the "pearls" of the exhibition was the canvas "Parrots", written in 1766 by the German painter I. F. Groot, whom art critics consider one of the founders of animalism in Russia. The work entered the exhibition from the funds of the State Tretyakov Gallery. You will also see sheets from the album "The Image of an Animal in Art" by the famous animal sculptor V. A. Vatagin, old atlases with portraits of mysterious creatures created by the fantasy of medieval artists; admire the chess pieces, where one of the kings is made in the form of a lion, the king of beasts, the other - a polar bear, the master of the Arctic; learn how and what to draw underwater; you will see a magnificent ornament, where images of fish, crabs, shells and aquatic plants are intricately intertwined. And illustrations for children's books about animals and working materials for cartoons will cheer you up and help explain to your child what is the difference between an animal painter and an animator.

A significant part of the exhibits received for the exhibition from the funds of both art and natural science museums in Moscow are presented to a wide audience for the first time. During the exhibition, it is planned to conduct trial lessons watercolor painting, round tables, excursions and meetings with artists.

A source: press release of the School of watercolors by Sergei Andriyaka

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In the plots of Paleolithic drawings and sculptures, their direct connection with the basis of the existence of people of the Ice Age: with the hunt for bulls, horses, goats, mammoths and rhinoceroses clearly appears. The cave dweller of the Ice Age also had to deal with such predators as lion, leopard, wolf, hyena.

It is not surprising that the image of the beast, hunting and its results are presented in many cases quite clearly, with all the expressiveness of which a Paleolithic man was capable. At the same time, the primitive artist depicted hunting not only because of an internal need, but also with a completely definite practical purpose.

As evidenced by ethnographic data, the image of a hunt, killed and wounded animals, or even just animal figures, always has the goal of bewitching and bewitching the beast, mastering it, and ensuring the success of the hunt.

This naive belief has a logical basis - a principle that can be expressed by the formula: like causes like. The drawn beast "participates" in the real beast, therefore the wound inflicted on the image of the beast means the wound inflicted on the living beast. The cave paintings show wounded, dying animals, wounds, as well as the weapons with which they were inflicted.

The famous dying bear from the "Three Brothers" cave, engraved on the rock, is presented in this form. The beast, huge and heavy, is shown in a pitiful and helpless state, as a target for numerous blows. Dozens of ovals and circles - wounds - are inscribed in the outline of his body. Blood, depicted in whole bunches of strokes, gushes from the open mouth, and with it life leaves.

The drawings of the wounded animals specifically show the reason for their death. On the body of the bear from Montespan, there are oblique lines that converge in the form of a triangle. These are undoubtedly darts or arrows with long teeth, like a harpoon. In addition to hunting animals with spears, darts or arrows, other methods of hunting, especially mammoth and rhinoceros, with the help of traps and wolf pits, as well as various structures in the form of hedges or even nets, were to be reflected in the Paleolithic paintings.

It is very likely that these very tectiforms - trapping pits with stakes at the bottom - are depicted on the figures of mammoths in the von de Gaume cave, where they look like a hut shown in section. It has a gable roof. Inside, beams or rafters are shown with oblique stripes. In the middle rises a central pillar, the end of which protrudes outward. In the Bernifal Cave, a mammoth is engraved inside a tectiform. He must be caught and trapped.

In the caves of Spain, in Altamira, as well as in Castillo, mysterious signs in the form of "stairs" and "ribbons" are painted on the walls, which can conditionally convey the construction of hunting fences for catching animals. There is one scene in Montespan, which shows a horse, shaded with vertical lines, as if caught in a trapping hedge - a palisade.

Paleolithic cave paintings were meant to magically ensure the luck of the fishing industry. The idea of ​​mastering the beast, of defeating it, the desire to ensure the success of the hunt with witchcraft methods is the main idea of ​​Paleolithic art. However, it would be wrong to limit magical rites and associated ideas about the role and meaning of cave images only with the magic of mortification.

At the other pole of primitive magic were the rituals of resurrection and breeding of animals - the magic of fertility. Paleolithic man, like us, thought not only about today, but also about tomorrow, sought to look into the future. The hunter knew that by mercilessly exterminating animals, he undermined the basis of his own well-being and developed a whole system of magical rituals that were supposed to ensure the resurrection of killed animals and the reproduction of the animal population.

The idea of ​​fertility is expressed in the clay depictions of two bison from the Tyuk d'Oduber cave. The animals seem to run in the same direction, with the back chasing the one in front. The front beast is female. He has an open vulva. Hind, with a tense phallus, male. The idea of ​​the breeding of animals, expressed so persistently, in such a naive form, obviously, was the basis of all the witchcraft rituals that took place under the arches of this cave.

The idea of ​​reproduction also determined the features of the depiction of a number of animal figures. Their droopy, heavy bellies clearly indicate that the artist pursued a specific goal - to depict a pregnant female.

The breeding and resurrection rituals of animals were preserved until recently among some northern peoples. Perhaps their long-standing prototype is reflected in the colorful composition from Nio. On the left, there is a bison figure in an unusual position. A heavy and massive animal stands on its hind legs. His front legs are bent and down. In Nio, the bison is combined with conventional signs: red spots are neatly written in front of it, from which regular ovals are formed. Somewhat further, typical "claviforms" are seen, similar to clubs or stylized female figurines.

The peculiar pose of the bison in Nio and its unusual surroundings with symbolic signs indicate that this entire unique composition has some deep meaning, most likely associated with hunting rites. Max Raphael wrote that the bison from Nio is shown not alive, but dead, during the ceremony of his "propitiation" and "reconciliation" with the hunters, and conventional signs indicate weapons and sacrifices laid in front of him. Depicting weapons, clubs - claviforms, the clan that performed the ritual tried to "shift" the blame onto the weapon, just as the hunters of Siberia did, who told the beast that it was not they who killed him, but a gun, ax, knife or bow.

VOYTEKHOVSKAYA Inna Anatolyevna

teacher of national and world art culture

State educational institution "Belitsky educational and pedagogical complex kindergarten-secondary school of Lida region"

Belarus

ANIMAL IMAGES IN ART

(first lesson of the topic)

The purpose of the lesson: formation in students general view about the originality and embodiment of the theme of animals in different types of art.

Tasks:

• - create conditions for expanding students' knowledge about the culture of primitive society;
• - to contribute to the knowledge of students about the animalistic genre of art;
• - to form an idea of ​​the inextricable connection between man and animal;
• - to form an understanding of the need to protect and study nature;
• - to cultivate love for animals, the ability to notice their habits;

Equipment and training materials:

• multimedia installation or computer;
• presentation "Images of animals in art";
• videos;
• reproductions of paintings

During the classes

1. Organizational - psychological moment.Introduction to the topic of the lesson.

Teacher. Good afternoon. Now we will hear a very beautiful, in my opinion, melody that will sound against the background of the video.

Please listen and think about what we are going to talk about now.Appears on the screenvideo intro to the program "In the world of animals", music by Argentine composer Ariel Ramirez)(slide 1).

Students. We will talk about the animal kingdom; about animals; about the role of animals in human life.

Teacher. You are absolutely right.

2. Communication of the topic of the lesson. Knowledge update

An image appears on the screen (slide 2).

Teacher . The topic of our lesson:The image of animals in art. (A plate with the name of the topic on the board) And the video that you watched is the intro to the program, which was called “In the world of animals”. The program told about the life of animals, their habits, habits. They always showed interesting stories about animals from different countries and continents. The wonderful music of the Argentine composer Ariel Ramirez was taken as a screen saver for this program. She so organically approached the plot of the program that she became a single whole, an integral part of it. In history lessons, you studied the development of society, the existence of primitive people. What can you tell us about them?

Students. People lived before our era. They hunted mammoths. They had cave paintings.

Teacher . Remember, please, on what theme the first cave paintings were made.

Students. Primitive people painted animals.

Teacher . Remember the images of what animals were seen on the rocks, like a letter from the ancient world?

Students. Mammoths, tigers, bulls, cats, dogs.

An image of a cave painting appears on the screen (slide 3)

3. Learning a new topic

An image appears on the screen (slide 4)

Teacher. ( the epigraph is read) " Man has two worlds:
The one who created us
Another that we have from the century
We create to the best of our ability. "
N. Zabolotsky

Teacher . The image of an animal in art has a huge historical path. The origins of animal stories go back to ancient times. One day in September 1940, Lascaux cave was accidentally discovered in France, which became even more famous than the Altamira cave in Spain.

An image appears on the screen (slide 5).

Four boys, who were playing, climbed into a hole that opened under the roots of a tree that fell after the storm. Lascaux Cave Painting - depicting bulls, wild horses, reindeer, bison, wild horses, bears and other animals - is the most perfect work of art that was created by man in the Paleolithic era. The works have been well preserved, which has made it possible to transform this multi-hall cave into a first-class museum. primitive art, called the "prehistoric Sistine Chapel"

An image appears on the screen (slide 6).

Since ancient times, man has identified his life with images from the animal world. Animals are the source of life for humans. The meat of animals was used for food, from the skins they made clothes, shoes and dwellings. We can say that man is inextricably linked with the animal world, and depends on it. In the process of evolutionary development, mankind has mastered new forms of communication with the animal world: in a tamed beast, man has found a defender of his well-being and a devoted friend.

The theme of the cave paintings, made by the hand of primitive man, were images of animals.An image appears on the screen (slide 7).

They directly influenced the feelings of a person, evoked scenes of hunting and victories over animals in his presentation, this gave rise to courage and valor in them.

In the process of evolutionary development, mankind has mastered new forms of communication with the animal world. Religion and cult rites have left their mark. The ancient world left us symbolic personifications of the unity of animal and man in the form of fantastic, mythical animals of the sphinx, winged bull, centaur, phoenix bird.

An image appears on the screen (slide 8.9)

In ancient Egypt, many animals were considered sacred. The Gods depicted animal heads. Some Gods were in the form of animals and birds: falcon, baboon, jackal. But at the same time, the culture of Egypt is, first of all, the monumental buildings of the pyramids and the burial of the pharaohs.

The cat symbolized wisdom and grace, the lion - strength and fury. The animal becomes not only the source of man's material existence, but also a means of his spiritual development, the embodiment of beauty and perfection.

Preserved many statuettes of birds and animals made of clay, bronze, gold, bone, dating back to the millennium BC. e., and serving as objects of creativity of the Scythian tribes. V Ancient egypt animals were exalted on a par with the pharaohs, they were considered gods. Their images, found in ancient temples and pyramids, are distinguished by unsurpassed splendor and decorative forms. In ancient Japan and China, masters of decorative arts created bizarre compositions, one of the main motives of which were images of animals.

During the Roman Empire, the animalistic genre lost its significance, since the main theme in art was man. In the Middle Ages, voluminous collections were compiled from such stories, which were called physiologists or bestiaries. Their characters, half-real, half-fairy animals and birds, not only amazed the imagination, but also served as allegories of human virtues and vices ”

Animal drawings reappear only in the Renaissance, in creativity famous masters- Rembrandt, Durer, Rubens, Leonardo da Vinci and others. In the 17th century in Holland, the animalistic genre itself stood out in art. In the paintings of the artists, pets were depicted against the background of rural motives. The founders of this genre were A. Cape and P. Potter. In the last century, excellent graphic artists V.Vatagin and A. Laptev worked in the animalistic genre, endowing the images of animals with certain human qualities, conveying the liveliness of birds, fish and animals with scientific observation.

Creating an image in animal art, the artist, in addition to conveying external forms, plastics, proportions, expresses the character inherent in an animal or bird, reflects his individuality, emotional state, he writes a portrait of his character. Any observant person, encountering animals, in one way or another treating them with kind attention, can easily notice the variety and complexity of experiences, the expressiveness of their feelings (joy, grief, resentment, anger, melancholy, devotion). Depending on the task, an animal painter can create any image of an animal - formidable, proud, tragic or heroic. Loving and studying nature, he does not copy nature, but tries to convey by graphic means the amazingly diverse and delightful inner world of the animal, its mood. The artist seeks and finds something unusual and special in him. The creation of a true image of fauna representatives requires a close study of their life, appearance, behavior, body structure and character, an idea of ​​the peculiarities of the habitat, which lays its imprint on animals, endowing them with special qualities. Please tell me why or why primitive man began to paint in a cave?

Students. I wanted to leave as a memento to someone the achievements of the hunt; I wanted to decorate my home; it was boring; there was a lot of time between hunting.

Teacher. Any of your assumptions have a place to be. But there is of course one thing. ... ... The fact is that when a person works, he simply gets food. But art at any time was considered the highest development of man. You and I can assume as much as we like what prompted the primitive man to grab a coal and draw something like an animal. There is a very beautiful poem about this by Evgeny Vinokur

The caveman learned to paint.
Finding no reason in grace,
He began to knock out with a heavy stone
The figure of an angular bison.

A random step! A dangerous path! ..
He finished, and for the first time since creation
From the eyes of beasts a long tear
Tiredly flowed from tenderness.

And, the terrible secret of creativity attracted,
He felt there was no turning back,
When he's a primal fist
I wiped away a tear lightly and guiltily.

Shaggy, wild, skin behind his back,
His face was torn by a grimace! ..
He was full of unearthly joy,
Which is sweeter than honey and more satisfying than meat.

Now can you say what happened to primitive man after he began to paint?

Students. He became different; he began to develop; he stood out from the animal world, although he did not yet realize it.

Teacher. Well done boys. Now I propose to you to do a physical education, which is called Hypericum. The movements of animals are always graceful. You will make the movements of those animals that are sung about in the song. A video clip appears on the screen (slide 10) to the song " St. John's Carp "words by A. Hayt and A. Levenbuk, muses. B. Savelyeva

4. Physical education "St. John's Carp".

Teacher. The image of the animal is closely related to various legends, signs that came to us from folk art. In the era of primitive archaism, mythological stories about totem animals - the founders of human species, were born. When myths lost their former trust, animals became heroes of fairy tales, fables and legends. Tell us what kind of signs, legends do you know?

Students. There is a sign that if a black cat crosses the road, you will be out of luck. Proverbs: "You can't pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty," "The legs feed the wolf," "The beast runs to the catcher." The legend of the sacred cow.In India, it is believed that there is something sacred in every cow.... Despite the fact that many people in this country are starving, none of the Hindus have the idea of ​​slaughtering and eating a cow. In the Indian religious book Mahabharat it is said that a cow, due to its purity, bestowed on it by higher powers, has the ability to endow a person with happiness and protect him from the darkness of hell. The Vedic texts say that the place where the cow is located has pure energy, therefore these animals are allowed to walk even on city roads.

Teacher. Thanks guys. You really know a lot about animals. Tell me, how many of you are interested in the horoscope? But the horoscope is based on the image of this or that animal. Attention to the screen.

An image appears on the screen (slide 11).

Teacher. We have an oriental horoscope by year. And the horoscope by months. And in each of them a month or a year - symbolizes some animal. It is believed that a person who was born under the sign of this animal has certain qualities. Suppose one of you was born in the year of the Rooster - he will have a fighting character, in the year of the Dog - a loyal, honest, reliable person; in the year of the Snake - cunning, knows how to find a way out of any situation, etc.

5. The practical part.

Teacher. Sketch in pencil the animal that is your patron in the horoscope.

Teacher. And we continue our acquaintance with the animalistic genre. We will look at the painting "Garden of Eden" by Jan Brueghel.

An image appears on the screen (slide 12).

What are your impressions of the painting? Why does the painting have such a name? Is there any fiction in the depiction of animals? What is realistic here? Why do you think the artist "mixed" truth with fiction?

Students. The artist wanted to show a picturesque corner of nature in which everyone is friends; in which everyone is happy; beautiful tropical plot; very beautiful animals inhabit this place, maybe some are not in the animal world. I liked the picture with its saturation of calm green color. The mixture of reality and fantasy creates a riddle that is interesting to solve.

An image appears on the screen (slide 13).

Teacher. Jan Bruegel - known Flemish painter... Was born in Brussels. Originally from the great dynasty of Flemish painters Brueghel. Jan Bruegel painted a large number of paintings on mythological themes and allegories, for example, “Four elements and five

feelings ".

An image appears on the screen (slide 14).

In Paradise, exotic and common animals are mixed in this Garden of Eden, lavishly planted with lush plants and flowers. The main task of the artist was to create a mysterious imaginary landscape, so he deprived Adam and Eve of their role in the plot in order to emphasize their surroundings. A limited choice of flora and fauna can be modern look seem funny, but Bruegel managed to breathe a fabulous spirit into a forest clearing. The artist's inherent depth of feeling and sensitivity to the natural environment helped to develop the great tradition of Dutch landscape painting of the 17th century. His highly accomplished, refined manner of painting floral still lifes, landscapes and paintings of paradise earned him the nickname Velvet.

Now we will briefly write down the main thoughts of our lesson.

To write in a notebook:

Teacher. The image of the animal occupies a significant place in the visual arts. A separate genre appears. It is considered the most ancient and it is called -animalistic.It flourished in the 17th century in Holland, where the animalistic genre itself stands out in art. The founders of this genre were A. Cape and P. Potter.

Animalist - genre of fine art, the main characters are animals (from the French. Animale - animal).It was to him that primitive artists paid the most attention. V ancient world the images of animals were symbolic. Animalism is associated not only with the visual arts, but also with literature. Artworks animalistic genre call to protect, love and study the animal world, nature.

Teacher. An animal painter must have a good visual memory. Why do you think?

Students. An animal painter must have a good visual memory, because an animal cannot be forced to pose. To draw every line when depicting animals.

Teacher. But before drawing from memory, you need to practice understanding and feeling the animal - to work from nature, to know the anatomy of the animal you are portraying, to make quick sketches and sketches. In them, it is necessary to grab and fix the movement as quickly as possible, therefore, drawing, sketching and sketching animals requires special tension and concentration.

An image appears on the screen (slide 15) depicting the paintings "Young Hare" by A. Durer, "Penguins" by V.А. Vatagina, "Deer Head" by D. Velazquez, "Chain Dog" by P. Potter).

Animals in the works of artists that we see on the screen are humanized, they are endowed with certain human traits and feelings inherent in humans (arrogance, severity, significance, concentration, melancholy). This analogy between facial features of people and muzzles, animals between animal habits and movements, human actions in works of animal art makes the images of animals even more understandable, capacious and close.

In your workbooks, you are asked to do your homework.

From the proposed list, you need to choose a characteristic for each picture, connect with arrows and explain your choice. And one more task - to watch the cartoon "Mitten". We will discuss it in the next lesson.

Teacher. The animalistic genre is used not only in the visual arts, but also in literature. We very often see specific human traits in the images of animals, which are either praised or denounced by the author. Remember these works and images of animals.

Demonstrated slide (16) depicting fairy tales about a fox, a bear and a hare

Teacher. Let's remember Russian fairy tales: what fox?

Students. Sly, dodgy, impudent;

Teacher. What hare?

Students. Cowardly, fearful, sluggish, offended;

Teacher. What bear?

Students. Strict, but fair, good-natured, ingenuous, trusting;

A slide (17) with an image to the fables of I.A. Krylova

Teacher. Krylov's Fables. What crow?

Students. Foolish, trusting, ingenuous.

Teacher. What monkey?

Students. Boastful, fidgety, talkative, groovy.

Teacher. What bear?

Students. Awkward, awkward.

Teacher . What fox?

Students. Sly, impudent, harmful.

Teacher. Wonderful drawings for Krylov's fables were made by Russian artist Valentin Serov. There is a gullible crow with cheese, and a sly fox, and an awkward quartet in which they play "The Prankster - Monkey, Donkey, Goat and club-footed Bear." The artist gave the heroes of animals the features that are characteristic of people.

The great Soviet master Vasily Alekseevich Vatagin not only painted animals, but also carved their images out of wood or carved out of stone. The artist wrote: “A man receives and takes away from an animal a lot, but he rarely remembers and realizes that the animal is not only a piece of meat or physical strength, that in his hands is a living being, humbly enduring violence, deeply feeling suffering and at the same time anxiously accepting any kind attitude towards him and responding to a person with a feeling of affection, deep devotion, a feeling of love ... ".

6. Summing up

Teacher . What new genre of fine art have we met?

Students. With an animalistic genre. He is the most ancient. We know of cave paintings of bulls and bison in caves. Tens of thousands of years ago, man painted the beauty of the beast and captured it on the walls of his home. The works of the animalistic genre call to protect, love and study to love the animal world, nature.

Teacher . In what genres of art does it occur?

Students. In painting, poetry, fables, stories, folk proverbs and sayings

7. Reflection

There are emoticons on the table. Choose the one that suits your mood and place it on our magic tree.

8. Grades per lesson

Goodbye!

Literature:

1. Vinokurov E. 100 poems about art Mozyr Publishing House "White Wind" 2002 P. 12
2. Glebova G.V. "Domestic and world culture" Minsk "Zorny Verasen" 2005 P.7-11
3. Khursan A.I., Gaidul V.E. "Light through the centuries" Mn. 1998 "Asobny Dakh" S. 13-15
4. Encyclopedia for children. T. 7 Art. Part 1. Architecture, visual and decorative applied arts Edition 2, revised Publishing house "Avanta +" pp. 10-17
5. Wikipedia Encyclopediahttps://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Bruegel (the Younger)

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The role of animals in mythology is extremely great and is determined by the exceptional value that they had at the early stage of human development, when people had not yet distinguished themselves from a number of living beings and did not oppose themselves to nature. In many cultural traditions, animals were deified and, as sacred, were placed at the top of the social hierarchical ladder.

This topic introduces us to the images of animals that are reflected in archeological monuments, clothing, household items and folk art, weapons, numismatics and heraldry, works of literature, painting, graphics, arts and crafts.

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State educational institution

secondary school number 508

with in-depth study of subjects

educational areas "Art" and "Technology"

Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg

METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE FOR THE COURSE "SEASONS"

TOPIC: "MYTHOLOGICAL ANIMALS IN FINE ARTS"

("Water element")

St. Petersburg

2010

The image of animals in myths and legends.

Topic: "The image of animals in myths and legends" is included in

Constructive part of the course "Wildlife and the world of culture."

Second step of learning: “Water and coastal environment”.

The purpose of this course is:

1) the formation of a personality capable of

perceive the world as a single integral system and yourself as a part

this system.

2) the formation of morality and human responsibility to nature.

Tasks: To teach to generalize the knowledge gained on the basis of the study

various sources of humanitarian cultural nature.

Develop motivation for independent cognitive activity.

To contribute to the formation of skills in educational research activities. Develop the ability to think critically.

To form a conscious attitude to the problems of the modern world.

Develop love for animals.

To foster a respectful attitude towards the traditions of one's own and other peoples.

Classes are held in the form of a conversation, lecture, practical training. The whole

The learning process is active and creative.

Students through creative activity master the value of culture,

get acquainted with folk traditions and heritage of the past. Students using creative works express their attitude to the animal kingdom. Study of the animal world as an integral part of living nature

brings children to the realization of the need to respect the world around them.

The animal world surrounds a person from the moment of his birth and accompanies him throughout his life.

Man is a part of living nature, he interacts with it, cognizes and reflects it in his creative activity.

The image of animals is very often used in art.

Many peoples in the guise of animals depict creatures with a higher level of consciousness, who were an intermediary between man and God.

The study of the topic begins with the introduction of the concept "Animals in wildlife and human life"

Nature, man, culture are the core of every activity

Creation artistic image animals can be decorative, picturesque, graphic.

Animals in myths and legends

“All that is now, after a thousand years

With a mature mind you understand

Whereas people, pure as children,

We have already read it on the face of beauty. "

F. Schiller

Since time immemorial, the respectful attitude of man towards animals and birds has been known. And, naturally, numerous myths, legends and traditions were composed about them. Almost every animal can be found in this or that legend, in which it appears in an unusual guise. Here is some of them.

The Slavs believed that we are all endowed with different characteristics inherent in different animals. Each animal, beast, bird or fish, the smallest ant has its own character, history and magic power... Reincarnation is inherent in our gods. So if Perun likes to turn into an eagle more, then it is easier for Indrik to transform into a snake. It depends directly on the qualities of the beast in which this or that god is reincarnated. People could turn into beasts too. For example, there are popular legends about Volkodlaks (man - wolf), Koshkolaks (man - lynx), people - bears, deer, falcons, etc. Until now, the deep essence of animals has not disappeared behind a heap of millennia. Images appear in fairy tales, legends, songs, proverbs and sayings. In them, animals and birds speak and think like us, at the same time in their own way, according to special laws, often cruel and incomprehensible, but with an appropriate attitude, true and just. We find the traits of animals in ourselves and those around us. We smile or sometimes we are horrified, seeing the light of reason in their eyes. Totemic, sacred animals among the Slavic peoples are not uncommon.

The role of animals, as well as the animal (zoomorphic) element in general, in mythology is exceptionally great. It is determined by the meaning that Animals had at the early stage of human development, when they were not yet sharply separated from the human collective.

Images of animals in other mythologies are also encoded in the corresponding months, days, years (usually in a 12-year cycle, in particular among the peoples of Central and South-East Asia). In China, the months were consistently associated with a rat, an ox, a tiger, a hare, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a pig, a monkey, a rooster, a dog, and a pig. In Tibet and Mongolia - with a mouse, a cow, a tiger, a hare, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a sheep, a monkey, a rooster, a dog, a pig (cf. also the zoony of years in a 12-year cycle). V Ancient Greece the cat, dog, snake, crab, donkey, lion, goat, ox, hawk, monkey, ibis, crocodile were considered the guides of the sun.

Conceptions about the real characteristics of animals in combination with their use in classifications, which are a way of explaining a person himself and the surrounding nature. Already in the most ancient monuments of visual art, belonging to the Upper Paleolithic, animals are the main object of images.

Mythologized images of animals in art

The role of animals in mythology is extremely great and is determined by the exceptional value that they had at the early stage of human development, when people had not yet distinguished themselves from a number of living beings and did not oppose themselves to nature. In many cultural traditions, animals were deified and, as sacred, were placed at the top of the social hierarchical ladder. Many peoples had widespread mythological ideas about the animal ancestors of the human collective, as well as about animals as a special hypostasis of man. Hence the prohibitions to kill and eat the meat of certain animals and, on the contrary, the ritual eating of it at the prescribed time. For a long time, the features noticed by people in the animal world were a visual example for establishing a model of life in human society.

From ancient times, ideas about the ability of a person to take the form of an animal have come down to our time. The ability to shape-shift was attributed primarily to people who, according to mythological beliefs, possessed magical powers. In the popular environment, ideas about the ability of sorcerers to turn around in different animals are still alive, which will be discussed below. The werewolf motif is widely and diversely represented in folklore: fairy tales, epics, legends, traditions, etc. The images of the animals themselves in fairy tales are endowed with unusual characteristics: they understand human speech and can talk. Often they act as grateful helpers and advisers of the hero, and sometimes, for example, a horse or a cat, as a magical gift from a deceased ancestor - father or grandfather - predetermining the fate of the new owner. In traditional representations, animals can act as the hypostasis of anthropomorphic mythological characters: for example, the aquatic people were often represented in the form of a fish, a brownie - in the form of a cat and other animals.

Animal images were often perceived as intermediaries between the human world and the other world. Many cultural traditions, including the Russian one, are aware of the idea of ​​the human soul in the guise of a bird. The function of animal mediation between worlds is very clearly traced in folklore works different genres and in folk performances. In mythopoetic texts and traditional visual arts, different animals are distributed in accordance with archaic ideas about the three-member vertical structure of the world space. Images of birds are associated with its upper zone - the heavenly world; with the middle - earthly space - ungulates, bees; and with the lower zone - the underworld - reptiles, fish, mice and some other animals. In traditional culture, a certain set of meanings and characteristics has been fixed for one or another animal. The symbolism of animals that has developed in the popular consciousness is reflected in the most diverse spheres of ritual and everyday life of a person: in dressing, omens, interpretation of dreams, etc. The rites of their sacrifices also testify to the special place of animals in mythological ideas.

Comparison of myths different nations made it possible to establish that in them, with all their diversity, a number of themes and motives are repeated. So, in many mythologies there are myths about animals, ideas about the origin of animals from people and that people were once animals. The mythological motive of the transformation of people into animals and plants is known to almost all peoples of the world.

Glossary.

Mythological genre (from the gr. Mythos - legend) is a genre of fine art dedicated to events and heroes, which are told in the myths of ancient peoples. All peoples of the world have myths, legends, traditions, and they constitute the most important source of artistic creativity. The mythological genre originates in the late antique and medieval art when Greco-Roman myths cease to be beliefs and become literary stories.

Artistic images of art are an important part of ideas about the universe, nature, and man. In the eternal search for Truth-Good-Beauty, artistic works of the past reveal the mythological picture of the world in all the unity of form and content. The ancient rock paintings of the Shulgan-tash (Kapovaya) cave, the culture of Arkaim, the Sarmatian art of the "animal style", the Bashkir folk art determine the richest content of the material and spiritual culture of the Southern Urals. Comparison of the main stages in the development of the history of the Urals since ancient times leads us to the issues of continuity cultural heritage, a diatogue of cultures,

RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL WORLD.

Human life has always been associated with nature. Having cognized and subjugated many laws of nature, man imagines himself to be her "king", who is allowed to thoughtlessly use her gifts, upset her balance and interconnections. We hear about the results of such an attitude almost every day: endless natural disasters, ecological disasters. Shouldn't we learn from our ancestors to live in peace and harmony with nature?

PLACE OF MYTHOLOGICAL ANIMALS IN ART.

This topic introduces us to the images of animals that are reflected in archeological monuments, clothing, household items and folk art, weapons, numismatics and heraldry, paintings, graphics, arts and crafts.

The ideas of the Slavs about the world order were most fully reflected and preserved for the longest time in folk art. Birds, horses, lions, griffins and double-headed eagles decorate items of Russian folk clothing, spinning wheels and gingerbread boards, furniture and dishes, are the main characters of folk toys, while the image of each animal is traditional and deeply symbolic.

Over time, the attitude of people to the animal world changes, a person pays more attention to the beauty of the surrounding nature and its inhabitants, which is reflected in a wide variety of works of fine and decorative applied art.

Animals in Slavic mythology.

Animals in Slavic mythology The Slavs believed that we are all endowed with different characteristics inherent in different animals. Every animal, beast, bird or fish, the smallest ant has its own character, history and magical power. Reincarnation is inherent in our gods.

Stork

symbolizes in a number of traditions abundance, fertility, longevity, maternal feelings (and at the same time filial respect), portends a good fortune, the birth of children (just like the heron).

goose

In cosmogonic ideas and corresponding myths, it often appears as a bird of chaos, but at the same time as the creator of the universe, who laid the golden egg - the sun (the image of the great Gogotun in Egyptian mythology). In a number of languages, the concepts of sun and goose are conveyed by similar linguistic elements. In the Gnostic tradition, the goose is the embodiment of the holy spirit, a symbol of foresight and vigilance. In the Middle Ages in Europe, it was believed that geese were the mounts of witches. In a number of Siberian traditions, the so-called. "Goose spirit" in charge of fate. The theme of Aesop's fable about the killing of a goose that lays the golden eggs refers to the idea of ​​senseless stupidity.

Crane

In some traditions, it acts as a messenger of fertility, bringing rain. For many peoples, cranes were sacred birds, messengers of the gods, etc. Since ancient times, the crane has been a symbol of long life, health, happiness, strong love, fertility. The crane symbolizes vigilance, longevity, wisdom, devotion, honor. Religiosity, loyalty (wandering, flying after the leader), closed life, virtue, courtesy. Vigilance, goodness, good order in monastic life.

Devotion, righteousness, good deeds and monastic life. All these qualities are attributed to the crane because of its legendary. They say that every night the cranes gather around their king. Certain cranes are chosen as guardians, and they must stay awake all night, driving away sleep with all their might. Therefore, each guardian crane stands on one leg, raising the other. In his raised paw, he holds a stone. Sleep the crane, and the stone will fall out of its paw and, falling on the paw on which it stands, will wake it up.

Frog

Frog - Creature of Mokos Frog (frog) - has long been associated with the water world - streams of rain, rivers and fast streams, and especially - with gloomy, duckweed swamps. The thin skin of frogs dries quickly in the sun, therefore they hide during the day, crawling out only at night and in the rain. It was because of the forced secrecy that frogs were considered to belong [...].

R. Kipling.

Where does a whale get such a throat

It was a long time ago, my dear boy. Once upon a time there was a Kit. He swam in the sea and ate fish. He ate both bream, and ruff, and beluga, and stellate sturgeon, and herring, and herring's aunt, and carpenter, and her sister, and a nimble, fast loach-worm eel. Whichever fish gets caught, that one will eat. Opens his mouth, am - and you're done!

So, in the end, only Rybka survived in the whole sea, and even that Little Kolushka. It was a cunning Rybka. She swam next to Kit, at his very right ear, a little behind so that he could not swallow it. That was the only way to save myself. But then he stood on his tail and said: - I want to eat!

And the little sly Rybka said to him in a little sly voice:

Have you not tasted Human, noble and generous Mammal?

No, Keith replied. - What does it taste like?

Very tasty, - said Rybka. - Delicious, but a little prickly.

Well, then bring me here about half a dozen, - said Kit, and hit the water with his tail so that the whole sea was covered with foam.

One is enough for you! - said Little Kolushka. - Swim to the fortieth degree north latitude and to the fiftieth degree west longitude (these words are magic), and you will see a raft in the middle of the sea. The sailor sits on the raft. His ship went down. Only the clothes on him, blue canvas pants and suspenders (don't forget about those suspenders, my boy!) And a hunting knife. But I must tell you honestly that this is a very resourceful, intelligent and brave man.

Keith rushed with all his might. Swam, swam and swam where it is said: to the fiftieth degree west longitude and the fortieth degree north latitude. He sees, and the truth: in the middle of the sea - a raft, on a raft - a Sailor and no one else. The Sailor is wearing blue canvas pants and suspenders (look, my dear, don't forget about suspenders!) And a hunting knife on the side of his belt, and nothing else. The Sailor is sitting on the raft, and his legs are dangling into the water. (His Mom allowed him to dangle his bare feet in the water, otherwise he wouldn't talk because he was very smart and brave.)

Keith's mouth opened wider and wider and wider and opened almost to the very tail. The whale swallowed the Sailor, and his raft, and his blue canvas pants, and suspenders (please don’t forget the suspenders, my dear!), And even a hunting knife.

Everything fell into that warm and dark closet called Kit's stomach. Keith licked his lips - like that! - and turned three times on the tail.

But as soon as the Sailor, very smart and brave, found himself in a dark and warm closet, which is called Kit's stomach, he lets somersault, kick, bite, kick, pound, thresh, clap, stomp, knock, strum, and in such an inappropriate place he danced a trepak that Keith was not feeling well at all (I hope you haven't forgotten about the suspenders?).

And he said to Little Kolushka:

Not to my liking a person, not to my taste. I got hiccups from him. What to do?

Well, tell him to jump out, - advised Little Kolushka.

Keith shouted into his own mouth:

Hey you come out! And watch yourself behave. I got hiccups because of you.

Well, no, - said the Sailor, - I'm fine here too! Now, if you take me to my native shores, to the white cliffs of England, then I might think about whether to go out or stay.

And he stomped his feet even more.

There is nothing to do, take him home, - said the sly Fish to Kit. - After all, I told you that he is very smart and brave.

Kit obeyed and set off. He swam and swam and swam, working all the way with his tail and two fins, although he was greatly hampered by hiccups.

Finally, the white cliffs of England appeared in the distance. The whale swam to the very shore and began to open its mouth - wider and wider and wider - and said to the Man:

It's time to get out. Transfer. The nearest stations are Winchester, Ash-elot, Nashua, Keeney and Fitchborough.

As soon as he said: "Feature!" - the Sailor jumped out of his mouth. This Sailor was indeed very smart and brave. Sitting in Kit's stomach, he wasted no time: he split his raft into thin pieces with a knife, folded them crosswise and tied them tightly with braces (now you understand why you shouldn't forget about braces!), And he got a lattice, which he blocked Kit's throat; However, he said magic words... You did not hear these words, and I will gladly tell them to you. He said:

I put the grate on, I plugged Kit's throat.

With these words, he jumped to the shore, on small pebbles, and walked to his Mom, who allowed him to walk on the water barefoot. Then he got married, and began to live, live, and was very happy. Keith also got married and was also very happy. But from that day and forever and ever, there was a grate in his throat that he could neither swallow nor spit out. Because of this grate, only small fish got into his throat. That is why nowadays Whales no longer swallow people.

And the cunning Rybka swam away and hid in the mud, under the very threshold of the Equator. She thought Kit was angry and was afraid to show himself in front of him.

The sailor took his hunting knife with him. The blue canvas pants were still on him; when he walked over the pebbles by the sea. But the suspenders were gone. They stayed in Keith's throat. They connected the splinters, from which the Sailor made a lattice.

That's all. This tale is over.

Fairy tales about animals.

Crane and Heron.

Once upon a time there was a crane and a heron; they built huts at the ends of the swamp. It seemed boring to the crane to live alone, and he decided to marry.

- Come on, I'll go and devote myself to the heron!

Fuck the crane - tyap-tyap! The swamp was kneading for seven miles, and he came and said:

Is the heron at home?

Houses.

- Marry me.

- No, crane, I will not marry you, your legs are in debt, your dress is short, there is nothing to feed your wife. Go away, lanky!

The crane went home as if he was sipping unsaltedly. The heron afterwards hesitated and said:

- Than living alone, it's better toI'm going to marry a crane.

He comes to the crane and says:

- Crane, marry me!

- No, heron, I don't need you! I don’t want to marry, I won’t marry you. Get out!

The heron burst into tears of shame and turned back.

The crane hesitated and said:

- I didn’t take it in vainfor myself I am a heron: after all, one is bored. I'll go now and marry her.

Comes and says:

- Tsaplya, I decided to marry you; come for me.

- No, lanky, I can't marry you!

The crane went home. Then the heron thought:

- Why did she refuse such a fellow: living alone is not fun, I'd rather go for a crane!

He comes to marry, but the crane does not want to. This is how they still go to one another to marry, but they never get married.

Diving turtle

1. Grandfather and grandson are sitting on a tiny island, the grandson has nowhere to play. Grandfather sends different animals to dive to the bottom. The turtle pops up dead with earth on its paws. The grandfather throws the earth into the water, the earth grows. The vulture dries it up with a flap of its wings, creating valleys and mountains.

2. The earth is flooded with a flood, the turtle carries the survivors to a new earth, pulls the earth from the bottom or serves as a base on which other characters put the earth

3. The hero of Visaka confronts the horned underground pumas. They first try to freeze it, then they surround it with water. Visaka makes a boat, tells the turtle to dive. When she floats, he scrapes the silt from her legs and belly, sculpts a lump of this silt and from the branches brought to him by Dovewing, puts it on the water, creates dry land. Horned cougars remain underground.

4. The turtle brought earth in its mouth from under the waters of the flood, the water bird brought a blade of grass. The earth and a blade of grass were laid on the turtle, and dry land grew out of them. Only the initiated know that the turtle is earth and we live on its shell.

5. The Deity creates the sky, sea, light, waterfowl, orders the birds to get dry land from the bottom of the sea. Goose, Duck, Loon do not dive, Coot brings silt from the bottom in its beak, puts it in the hand of the Creator. He sculpts a lump, creates dry land, seeks, on whose back to affirm it. Snails, crustaceans, fish are not suitable for this, only a turtle grandma can hold a huge weight. Now she is mother earth.

6. During a flood, the Creator summons everyone who can dive. The birds do not reach the bottom. The Creator himself turns into a red-headed duck and, together with the turtle, brings clay from the bottom. The earth grows, the turtle itself is the earth.

7. In the beginning, only the sea is everywhere. Waterfowl do not dive to the bottom, the turtle dives, the birds pull it up by the rope. A little dirt is left on the head and under the claws of the turtle, they make an island out of it, and earth grows out of the island.

8. Falcon, Old Man Coyote, a turtle from the sky watching the flood. The turtle dives, having tied a rope by the leg, emerges. The falcon scrapes the dirt from under her nails, puts it on the water, the earth dries up, grows.

9. During the flood, the first ancestors are saved on the mountain. The woodpecker reports that a dam of clay holds the water. To find out how far to the bottom, Cayman throws a wild boar, tapir, and other animals into the water - they all drown. The crab dives, returns after four days. Caiman dives, taking the Turtle and the Battleship with him. The turtle digs from below, the Battleship from above. The dam is destroyed, the water rushes into the gap and leaves. Since then, sand has remained on the back of the battleship, caiman and turtle.

10. The Creator swam on the surface of the waters on a lotus flower, sent a raven to look for land. Six months later, he met a turtle standing with one foot in the water, its head reaching out to the sky. She told the crow that the earth was swallowed by an underwater worm. The turtle and the raven came to Logandi Raja, who ordered his brother to make a boat. The turtle and the raven dived from it, the turtle grabbed the worm by the neck, which began to regurgitate the earth of various varieties. The raven took all the earth in its beak, pulled the rope, Logandi Raja pulled the divers up, the Creator rolled a ball out of the ground, placed it on the water, creating dry land.

Turtle - the basis of the Earth

1. The Creator descends from the sky, creates a turtle, places the earth on it.

2. The Lonely Man wants to make a powerful tambourine. The skins of a beaver, badger, or the shell of an ordinary turtle are not suitable. The sea turtle says the world rests on its back (or the backs of four turtles), but the Lone Man can make a tambourine out of bison skin by taking a sample of its shell.

3. The earth rested on a frog. God (to strengthen the support) added a shell to her ..

4. The earth rests on an elephant, an elephant on a snake, a snake on a turtle.

5. When the ground-supporting turtle moves, earthquakes occur.

6. The Gungong water spirit was defeated by his father, the fire spirit Zhuzhong. He brought down the mountain that served as a support for the sky, part of the firmament fell off, the world fire and flood began. Nuiva cut off the turtle's legs and used them as props under the firmament.

7. In search of land, the swan flew through the air, and the raven was under water. They saw a golden turtle holding the ground in its paws, Huhudei Mergen reported. He shot at the turtle, it overturned, a firmament was formed on which the earth was created. According to another version, the earth was created by God on the four legs of a golden turtle, which lies on its back and supports our earth.

8. The hero pierced the tortoise with an arrow, it overturned. On the left side of her body was the feathered end of an arrow, from which a forest formed. WITH right side- an iron tip, the other side was called iron (tumar zug). The sea poured out of the dying turtle, this side was called the northern water side. Flames blazed from the turtle's mouth, this side was nicknamed the southern fiery side. Lumps of earth were clamped in the four paws of the turtle, from which an earthly firmament with vegetation was formed.

9. A horned snake turtle swam to the surface in the middle of the ocean. A piece of earth or the excrement of a heavenly worm fell on her back from the sky, and the snake turtle itself or a carrier bird descending from the sky knocked the sea foam into a lump. The substance, obtained from the sky and from the sea, became the Earth on the back of a snake turtle.

Turtle-progenitor of living things

1. Two birds arose from the turtle's egg, apparently a goose and a goose, which brought mud from the bottom of the primary ocean. When this mud touched the dragon's skin, earth was created. According to another version, many living creatures or even the whole world arose from a turtle's egg. The texts do not always lend themselves to unambiguous interpretation, but the cosmogonic role of the turtle in them is undeniable.

Sky turtle

Chinese legends say that once the beautiful Jean-Hoa, while walking, accidentally crushed the shell of a celestial turtle lurking in the tall grass. The beauty was inconsolable. And then her husband distributed the shards from the tortoise shell to people. By chance these shards fell into the ground and, they say, it was from them that rice appeared.

The origin of the turtles

An ancient Indian legend says that once upon a time daring young giants lived on Earth, who considered themselves superior to the gods. The gods were angry with the giants, and a terrible battle broke out between them. It lasted a long time, but at last the giants could not resist and scattered in panic in all directions. Only their shields remained on the battlefield. To show their power, the gods breathed thirst into their shields. And now the shields also spread in different directions, and then their heads and paws grew, and they turned into turtles.

Crocodile.

Crocodiles were worshiped in many places, but their cult acquired special significance in Thebes and in Fayum - an oasis in the Libyan desert, where under the pharaohs of the XII dynasty a grandiose system of irrigation structures was created, a reservoir appeared and many crocodiles bred.

Crocodiles personified the god of the Nile waters of Sebek, they were credited with the ability to command the floods of the River, bringing fertile silt to the fields. Just as the bull Apis was selected for special criteria, in Fayum, in the main cult center of crocodiles and Sebek - the city of Shedete (Greek Crocodilopolis), they were looking for a crocodile, the right day to become the embodiment of the soul of Ba Sebek. Such a crocodile lived at the temple in a large aviary, was surrounded by care and honor, and soon became tame; the priests decorated it with gold bracelets, amulets and rings. In Fayum and in the vicinity of Thebes, it was forbidden to kill crocodiles, even with an immediate threat to life. The person who was dragged away by the crocodile was buried with special honors. In the funeral temple of Amenemhat III, burials of sacred crocodiles were discovered, which Herodotus also mentions. At the same time, along with the hippo, the crocodile was considered the embodiment of evil and the enemy of Ra, associated with Set.

Gull

The girl is a seagull.

On the Black Sea there is a harsh island, dumb - red rocks on a lush green expanse. Little white huts are not visible on the island; curly leaves did not cover it. Only one green trail winds: the spring stream washed out the red clay, overgrown with velvet grass. And then - everything is dead and deaf.

But no, not all: over there on the cliff above the sea, where the gray surf is always raging, at the very top there is a light burning at night. And in the afternoon, sad seagulls hover over the cliff, screaming over the raging sea

What is this cliff? Why is there fire? And why do seagulls love that harsh cliff?

Long ago, they say, that wild man sailed to the island from nowhere. Probably, a bitter lot drove the poor man around the world for a long time, until he found a wild shelter on the island.

The child, and the wretched belongings, brought them out of the fragile boat to the shore and began to live for themselves.

How he lived, what he ate - at first no one knew about it. Over time, people learned what a kind heart this person has. Every night he kindled a huge fire so that he could be seen far away, so that those ships that sailed on the green waves could safely pass by the harsh stones and hidden, treacherous shoals! And if the ship crashed on the rocks, then the man in his fragile boat would bravely rush to the aid of the unfortunate.

And grateful people were ready to give him treasures, money and everything that they carried on their ships. But the stranger did not take anything, just a little food, but firewood, and resin for the fire. And soon people learned about this strange old man, they called him “the sea stork”. And they also learned about his beloved daughter, who, like a mermaid, was rocked and caressed by the waves of the sea, and the stones were mute, and the storms of the sea felt sorry for and comforted.

And the old man's daughter grew up, and became marvelously beautiful: white, like the foam of the sea; her fluffy braids, like sea grass, fell down to her knees, and her blue eyes shone like an early sea; and her teeth, like pearls, sparkled from under the coral lips.

Once, after bathing, the girl fell asleep sweetly on the warm sand (the sea was silent at that time, dozing). And through a dream she hears a whisper. Then three of us gathered next to the stone: a bird-babich, a guinea pig, and a fish - a golden scale.

Here is the fish and says:

I'll get her pearls, corals and bright gems from the bottom for saving me. I was lying, unhappy, on a scythe - angry waves threw very far. The sun burned me, dried me, and the predatory snow-white martin was circling in the sky, and with him my death was approaching. And this kind maiden took me, smiled affectionately at me and easily lowered me into the sea. I came to life again ...

And I will teach her well to swim, dive, dance funny dances, wonderful fairy tales I'll tell her, - said the guinea pig, - because she feeds me, honestly shares food with me. I would have died without her ...

And I, - answered the bird-babich thoughtfully, - and I will tell her the news that no one here knows. I was across the sea, I heard: ships and galleys will arrive here. On those ships and galleys there are wonderful people with forelocks (they are called Cossacks). They are not afraid of anyone, and they don’t even give gifts to the ancient sea, like other merchants-seafarers, they only beat it with oars, do not respect it. And the sea was angry with the forelocks, and the evil fate ordered them all to be drowned, to give the treasures to the stones, yes, to us, the sea servants. Nobody knows the big secret. And I must tell her, merciful, because she also saved me. Some villain broke my wings with an arrow, and I was dying on the waves of green. And this dear little girl caught me, the blood whispered, applied medicinal herbs, fed, watered, looked after me until my wings grew together. For this I will reveal to her a big secret ...

Shut up! - the angry waves rustled, waking up. - Shut up, it's none of your business! No one dares to resist the formidable.

Waves pounced on the stones, rumbling angrily between them. Frightened, the pig and the fish dived to the bottom, and the bird flew up into the sky, but the waves woke up late: the lady heard the secret, quickly jumped to her feet and called loudly:

Come back, babich bird, come back! Tell me more about the secret! I don't need pearls, no corals, no merry dances, no wonderful fairy tales. Better tell me where to look out for the chubaty lads, how to save the mediocre ones from misfortune?

And the waves are raging and the waves are roaring:

Shut up! Don't ask, silly child. Deal with it! Better not to cross the sea: the sea is a heavy punishment!

And the maiden thinks: “Okay, storm, green waves, blacken with anger, get mad. I will not give you those brave people to be devoured. I will tear my mediocre brothers from the throat of the predatory sea! I won't say a word to my father. After all, he is old, and he cannot fight, but there will be a big bad weather, I see. "

And the day burned out. And the sun went down into the sea. And silence fell. You can only hear in the darkness how the old man mutters, getting ready for his night post.

The daughter said goodbye to her father, lay down in the cave. And as soon as the father began to light the fire, she got up, jumped into the canoe, prepared everything - waiting for the storm!

The sea is calm for now. But in the distance a rumble is heard: now a cloud, an ally of the sea, walks, sparkles with its eyes, flaps its black wings at the bright stars. And the stars go out with fear. Here the wind, her messenger, flew in, whistled, trying to extinguish the fire. But the grandfather guessed, threw in the resin, and the fire burned harder. And the wind recoiled back, embarrassed, and again silence came ...

And again, but closer, a formidable cloud rumbled. And a whole flock of predatory winds whirled, howled, pushing sleepy waves into their sides. The waves rushed like a crowd towards the rocks. And the rocks were thrown at them with pebbles. Greedily they swallowed the gifts and rushed back to the rocks.

And the cloud finds, and the thunder rumbles, and the lightning flashes predatory. And the storm drives the unfortunate galleys, breaks the masts, tears the sails, bathes in the salty waves.

But rowers bravely fight the sea, the forelocks do not give in! So the sea brought them to the shore, then it swayed and threw them right on the rocks. And the rocks howled like animals when they saw such prey. The Cossacks did not have time to blink their eyes, the galleys were smashed.

The maiden, not knowing fear, directs her boat into the sea, there are enough drowning people, quickly brings them to the shore. A lot of them have already gathered here, but more are still dying. But know the maiden save, but the maiden does not want to hear that the sea rumbles to her menacingly:

Hey, back off, don't compete with me! The booty is mine, I will not give it up for nothing! Hey, back off, unreasonable! A terrible fate will punish you. Hey, back off!

But in vain! The girl doesn't want to listen. Terrible waves arose, the fragile shuttle was picked up like a shell, thrown into the rocks with anger - and smashed.

The maiden is crying: she is not crying out of pain, she is not crying out of fear - she is crying from behind the boat. She felt sorry for the fact that there was nothing to save the unfortunate.

"No, I'll try again!" In an instant, she tore off her clothes and threw herself into the stormy sea. The sea was not merciful: it devoured her greedily.

But the lot was merciful: the maiden did not die. Like a gray seagull, she fluttered and flew over the sea, sobbing bitterly ...

And the old man did not know what his daughter had done. Yes, those Cossacks whom she saved told everything. The old man, as he stood by the fire, threw himself out of grief into the fire ...

Both the daughter and the old man were killed.

But no, they did not die! Every night the light on the cliff flickers, and over the cliff the gray seagulls fly, cry, scream, as soon as they hear a predatory storm: they notify the sailors, but we are told about an ancient legend, about a glorious lady-seagull.

Swan.

In Thrace, the son of Orpheus was born to the river god Eagra and the muse Calliope. With the expression of a charming face and curls that descended from his high forehead, the child looked like the god Apollo. When he listened to the chirping and singing of birds, his eyes sparkled with joy and excitement. His mother, seeing in him the talent of a musician, took him to the mountains at the foot of Mount Pelion. There, covered with thick olive trees, was the cave of the wise centaur Khiron - the teacher of such famous heroes as Hercules, Jason, Lelei. Orpheus quickly learned everything that a wise mentor taught him. While other students preferred running and exercises in archery and javelin throwing, Orpheus devoted himself entirely to the sounds of his teacher's music. He played the lyre all the time.

The centaur Chiron knew in advance what fate was intended for his students, and prepared them for future exploits. He knew that Orpheus was destined to become the greatest singer, and taught him to sing and play. When Orpheus played, he listened to him attentively, corrected mistakes and taught how to hit the strings so that they made the most pleasant and gentle sounds. Soon Orpheus mastered the art of singing and playing so much that he surpassed his teacher. Then he himself began to compose songs and hymns. Chiron was delighted with the anthem about truth. Chiron often forced Orpheus to sing this hymn to the heroes so that they would never forget it and fight for the triumph of truth in the world. "Because," said the wise Chiron, "without truth there can be no true happiness on Earth."

When Orpheus sang and played the lyre, his beautiful voice resounded through the valleys and sounded over the mountains. Not only people were fascinated by his singing and enthusiastically listened to his sonorous songs, but even the trees bowed their branches and the leaves stopped making noise. Even the rocks and mountains listened to the divine songs of Orpheus. Fascinated by his singing, wild bloodthirsty animals gathered around him. From the near and distant forests, leaving their nests, birds flew and, having heard, listened to the songs of Orpheus and the wonderful sounds of his lyre. The fame of the singer spread far all over the world, and his songs delighted all people on Earth.

The songs of Orpheus became even more tender and beautiful after he married the nymph Eurydice, whom he loved dearly. But their happiness did not last long. Soon Eurydice went in the morning with her girlfriends nymphs for a walk and pick flowers in a nearby meadow by the river. Helios generously sent light and warmth to Earth. The flowers opened their buds wide to meet its rays and emitted a delightful aroma. The nymphs frolicked merrily, and their songs and laughter filled the forests and mountains. Running through the meadow, Eurydice, not noticing, stepped on the snake, which sank its poisoned teeth into its leg. Eurydice screamed in pain, her friends came running to her cry, but it was too late. Dead Eurydice fell into their arms. The crying and sobbing of the nymphs were so loud that Orpheus heard them. He immediately ran to the meadow. Seeing his beloved dead, he fell into despair. Orpheus grieved for a long time. From his sad songs, it seemed that all nature plunged into despair, as if mourning Eurydice with him.

Nothing could make Orpheus forget Eurydice. Wherever he went, whatever he did, but every day his despair grew stronger. He has no more joy in life. Finally, he decided to go to the underworld and beg Hades and his wife Persephone to return Eurydice to him. Near Tenar, Orpheus descended through the bottomless dark abyss to the sacred river Styx. But how do you get across it? The carrier Charon refused: his business is to transport to the other side of the Styx, to the kingdom of shadows, only the dead, not living people. Orpheus pleaded in vain to Charon. His icy heart was not touched by the grief of Orpheus. Then Orpheus took his golden lyre off his shoulder, sat down on the bank and began to play. Divine sounds rushed over the black waters of the Styx. They even mesmerized Charon, who did not notice how Orpheus climbed into the boat and drove it to the other side. Moving to the other side, Orpheus went to the throne of Hades, accompanied by many shadows gathered to the sounds of his wondrous songs.

Appearing before Hades, Orpheus continued to sing and play the lyre. In his song, he expressed the pain caused by the early death of Eurydice, he sang about the suffering he experienced after her death. And this music and song was so beautiful that even Persephone and Hades shed more than one tear in deep thought.

Hades became sad after listening to Orpheus and asked him about the purpose of coming to the underworld. Orpheus asked to bring Eurydice back to life, because life without her was unbearable. Hades was moved and agreed to return Eurydice to the kingdom of the living, but on one condition: Orpheus must follow the god Hermes, who will lead him out of the underworld, and Eurydice will follow Orpheus, but Orpheus cannot look back at Eurydice; if he turns around and looks at her, Eurydice will forever remain in the kingdom of the dead.

Orpheus accepted this condition. And so they set off along a narrow and steep path, strewn with sharp stones, leading up to the Earth, bathed in the rays of Helios. Their path was difficult. Around only deathly silence and impenetrable darkness, and no matter how Orpheus listened, no footsteps were heard from behind. Isn't Eurydice following him? Doubts began to torment Orpheus. He forgot that Eurydice is still an ethereal shadow in the kingdom of Hades and therefore he cannot hear her steps.

Already the rays of Helios began to penetrate the darkness little by little, it became brighter and brighter. A little more, and Orpheus and Eurydice will come to Earth. But is she walking behind Orpheus? Did she stay with Hades? Is there any point in returning to life without her in order to doom yourself to suffering again? Thinking about this, Orpheus forgot about the condition, looked around and saw the shadow of Eurydice. He stretched out his hands to her, but she instantly disappeared into the impenetrable darkness of the kingdom of the dead ... The second time Orpheus had to go through the loss of Eurydice. His heart was breaking with anguish. Indeed, just a moment before leaving on Earth together with Eurydice, where they would have been illuminated again by the rays of happiness, she, through his fault, disappeared irrevocably into the underworld. For a long time Orpheus poured out his grief for Eurydice in tears. He did not want to return to Earth without her and again went down into the impenetrable darkness. Again he came to the banks of the gloomy river Styx and stood in front of Charon. But nothing moved the old boatman's heart. For seven days and seven nights Orpheus pleaded with Charon to ferry him to the other side, played his lyre and sang the saddest songs, but they did not move Charon's icy heart. He did not even let Orpheus to his boat. Broken and desperate, Orpheus returned and went to his native Thrace.

The songs of Orpheus fell silent. The gentle sounds of his lyre were no longer audible. So for four years he grieved for Eurydice and did not even look at any other woman ...

One spring day, when all nature rejoiced under the golden rays of Helios, multi-colored flowers strewn the branches of the trees, everything smelled of youth and freshness, and the birds sang merrily, Orpheus seemed to wake up from a deep sleep and took his lyre. He sat down on a hillock and, lightly touching the strings with his fingers, began to sing. His song echoed around and filled the mountains and valleys. Wild animals gathered around Orpheus and listened to him in rapture, the birds stopped singing, bewitched by his wondrous singing. As if enchanted by his gentle song, the foliage of the trees stopped making noise. All nature listened to the extraordinary singer. In this magical moment, a light breeze carried laughter, screams and screams from somewhere from afar. These were the Kykonian women who had organized a celebration in honor of Bacchus. They drew nearer and nearer, and their cries were heard louder and louder. Suddenly one of them, the most drunk, who could hardly stand on her feet, pointed at Orpheus with her hand and shouted in a hoarse voice: "Here he is, our enemy, a misogynist!"

A hail of stones and thyrsus fell on Orpheus. His song broke off, and he fell dead from the hillock. Like bloodthirsty hyenas, enraged bacchantes pounced on his body. They tore it apart and threw the lyre and the head of Orpheus, stained with blood, into the waters of the Gebr River (the Maritsa River).

In the underworld of the shadows, Eurydice met Orpheus, and nothing could separate them.

The gods turned the singer Orpheus into a snow-white swan and lifted him up to heaven in the form of a constellation. Opening its wings wide, stretching its long neck, the swan flies to Earth, to its beloved Eurydice.

The waters of Gebra carried the lyre of Orpheus, shaking it slightly on the quiet waves. Its strings responded with a sad song that announced the Thracian Valley and the Rhodope Mountains. All nature was saddened. The death of Orpheus was mourned by trees, flowers and herbs. In the forests, the sonorous songs of the birds, which also mourned for the singer, fell silent, and even wild animals shed tears. The rocks in the mountains burst into tears, and their tears flowed in stormy streams. Rivers flooded, and muddy waters flowed to the distant sea to pour their pain and sorrow into it.

Dressed in black clothes, having let down their hair as a sign of sorrow, the nymphs came out of the streams and rivers. But not carefree laughter, but crying for the wondrous singer Orpheus, spread far across the neighborhood. And the river, immersed in sorrow, carried the lyre and the head of Orpheus further and further and, together with its pain, threw everything into the boundless sea. They took the lyre and the head of the wave and carried them to the island of Lesvos. From a light breeze, the strings of the lyre fluttered softly, and enchanting sounds echoed far from the island.

The gods turned the golden lyre of Orpheus into the constellation Lyra, leaving it forever in the sky. She reminds people of magic songs legendary singer with which he fascinated the whole nature.

Dolphin

Familiar and such cute creatures, dolphins are often depicted among different nations, clearly symbolizing something. Let's think - what? Perhaps our ancient ancestors guessed that dolphins are not fish, although they live in water. Indeed, dolphins are creatures living in two elements: sea and air. They belong to two worlds and, as the ancients believed, serve as a link between the earthly and the heavenly. They are the kings of fish, and the saviors of shipwrecked people, and the guides of souls to other world... They became an allegory (symbol) of salvation, freedom, nobility, love and pleasure. Two dolphins, looking in different directions, personified the duality of nature, death and birth, and two dolphins together - the golden mean between the extremes, a symbol of balance.

In Sumerian mythology, the dolphin is associated with Enki - the god of wisdom, the master of the underground world ocean of fresh waters. According to legend, people lived like animals until the first man Oannes (an epithet of the god Enki) came out of the sea in the form of a half-dolphin. And by

another version is half-fish-half-man. He taught the inhabitants of Babylonia writing, sciences, construction, agriculture. In addition, the dolphin is an attribute of the goddess Ishtar and is dedicated to Atargatis, the goddess of fertility and prosperity in Western Semitic mythology. Also among the Egyptians, Isis, the goddess of not only fertility, but also wind, water and navigation, was often depicted with a dolphin. For the Hindus, the dolphin is the horse of Kama, the god of love.

In Minoan culture, in Ancient Crete, the dolphin personified power over the seas. Almost four thousand years ago, ancient artists captured dolphins on a fresco in the Palace of Knossos in Minos. There, like sea deities, huge animals, gliding smoothly, perform their dance in transparent waters, guarding the peace and quiet of the underwater kingdom. Among the Greeks, dolphins often accompany the gods - Aphrodite, Poseidon, Apollo, Dionysus. If he is with Apollo of Delphic, then it symbolizes the light and the sun, if he is depicted with Aphrodite or Eros, then it has lunar symbolism. Dolphin is one of the incarnations of Poseidon. According to legend, one of the dolphins married the god of the seas and Amphitrite. After a fight with the monstrous Python, Apollo, in the form of a dolphin, catches up with the ship of the Cretan sailors and leads him to the pier of the city of Chris. From there, through a fertile valley, sailors come to the foot of Parnassus, where the main shrine of the Hellenic world, the Delphic Oracle, was located.

According to legend, Tyrrhenian sea robbers were turned into dolphins, who did not see the powerful god Dionysus in the beautiful youth captured by them. Since then, they are destined to serve forever in his retinue. Dionysus in the ancient mysteries was compared with a magical dolphin diving into the abyss and rising to the surface of the water ... He is immortal and exists outside the boundaries of space and time, now appearing, now disappearing in an endless chain of incarnations.

In Christian symbolism, the dolphin symbolized Jesus Christ as the creator and savior. A dolphin with an anchor or ship represents the church led by Christ. A dolphin pierced with a trident or chained to an anchor means the crucified Christ.

The myths of many peoples speak of the dolphin as a divine creature with the gift of prophecy, capable of flying out of the water in one jump and reaching the sky in order to take its place among the constellations.

Geese

Enemies attacked Rome many times. In 390 there was a war with the Gauls. Having crossed the Alps, the Gauls moved deep into Italy and soon laid siege to Rome. The defenders of the city bravely repulsed the attacks of the enemy. But food supplies soon ran out, and famine began in the city. Everything that was edible was eaten. Only the sacred geese remained that lived in the temple of the goddess Juno on the Capitol Hill. Many times the hungry defenders of the city thought about these geese, but they feared the wrath of the great goddess - the patroness of Rome.

One day in the middle of the night, a noise woke one of the soldiers. Waking up, Mark Manlius (that was his name) listened: geese were cackling at the top of the hill. Mark Manlius quickly climbed the city wall and literally came face to face with the Gaul. That night, the enemies secretly attempted to storm the city. Mark Manlius threw the Gaul off the wall. Falling, the enemy screamed. Other Gauls also began to fall. The shouting and noise made the geese cackle even louder. Instantly the defenders of Rome awoke and began to defend the city. The Gauls had no choice. How to get away from the city walls. The Romans won.

Shark

Shark is one of the main heroes of myths and legends of the peoples inhabiting the islands of the Polynesian and Hawaiian archipelagos.

For some primitive tribes, the shark was, albeit vengeful, but a deity, for others - an evil spirit full of cunning. Shark worship often took on very complex forms: the shark played several roles, a person turned into a shark, a shark into a person. On many islands in the Pacific Ocean, this terrifying deity was not content to occasionally carry a man, woman, or child out to sea during his mysterious forays. It demanded the highest tribute - human sacrifice. And on a certain day, the leader or high priest of the tribe went out to the people, accompanied by a servant carrying a noose that looked like a shark trap. At the signal of the leader, he threw her with force into the crowd. The person on whom this loop fell was immediately strangled on the spot. Then his body, according to a certain ritual, was cut into pieces and thrown into the sea to the insatiable deities.

Once on the island of Oahu, a young woman in labor battles called her brother for help. When her brother heard her, she had already managed to give birth and wrap the baby in a blanket. The baby's mother was still screaming when her brother arrived. Then he asked her why she was screaming. She asked him to open the blanket and look at the child. The brother did this and saw that the child had the body of a shark, and the head of a man. The surprised brother told his sister to release the child into the ocean, otherwise the child will inevitably die. She refused to listen to him because the child was hers despite the ugly body.

In the end, the argument "against" her brother convinced her that her wishes were futile and that it was primarily in the child's best interests to release the child into the ocean. They both drove to Black Point in Cala, and when they arrived, the brother released the child into the water. Placing the child in the water, the brother spoke to him in Hawaiian. The child then made a single splash with its tail and swam away.

Every morning, the mother returned to the same place to collect seaweed. While she worked, a shark baby appeared and fed on milk from her breast.

Time passed, and the child turned into an adult well-formed shark.

One morning, while the mother was gathering seaweed, a school of sharks began to swim around her. Suddenly, her baby shark appeared next to her and hit her with his tail fin with such force that the mother was thrown into shallow water, far from other sharks. This was followed by a fierce battle between her child and other sharks. The mother was unaware of the outcome of this battle and she never saw her "child" again.

Tired of endless expectations, the woman eventually returned to her birthplace on the island of Maui.

One day, ten years later, she and her mother were collecting seaweed on the shore, but did not return home. Her brother and friends started looking for them. The search team found the two women, dead, floating with their bags filled with algae right on top of them. The group tried to save the bodies, but the big shark in every possible way prevented it. The woman's brother recognized her as the lost offspring of his sister, a shark child.

World creation.

One of the versions of the Slavic myth about the creation of the world. The ancient Slavs imagined the world to be like a big egg. In the middle of the Universe, as the Slavs saw it, like a yolk, the Earth is located.

At the beginning of time, the world was shrouded in darkness. And there was only Rod in this darkness - our progenitor, the source of the universe, the father of the gods. And Rod was imprisoned in an egg, it was not germinated as a seed, it was an unopened bud. But the end came to confinement and Rod gave birth to Love - Lada-mother, by her power destroying his prison. And then the world was filled with Love, and Rod gave birth to the kingdom of heaven, and under it created the heavenly one. He cut the umbilical cord with a rainbow, separated the Ocean - the blue sea from the heavenly waters as a solid rock. He erected three vaults in the heavens. Divided Light and Darkness, Truth with Krivda. Rod then gave birth to Mother Earth, and the Earth went into the dark abyss, in the Ocean she was buried.

The sun then came out of his face - the very Clan of heaven, the progenitor and father of the gods! A bright moon - from his chest, frequent stars - from his eyes, clear dawns - from his eyebrows, dark nights - yes from his thoughts, violent winds - from his breath, rain and snow, and hail - from his tears, thunder and lightning - the voice became his - the very Clan of heaven, the progenitor and father of the gods!

The heavens and the whole of the Middle Kingdom were born for Love. He is the father of the gods, he is the mother of the gods, he is born by himself and will be born again. Rod - all the gods, and all the heavenly, he - what was, and what is to be, what was born and what will be born.

Rod gave birth to the heavenly Svarog and breathed his mighty spirit into him. He gave him four heads, so that he - the world looked in all directions, so that nothing was hidden from him, so that he could notice everything in the heavens. Svarog began to pave the way for the Sun across the blue sky, so that the horses-days rushed across the sky, after the morning so that the day began, and night came to replace the day.

Svarog began to walk across the sky, began to look around his possessions. He sees - the Sun is rolling across the sky, the Bright Moon sees the stars, and under it the Ocean spreads out and worries, foaming with foam. He looked around his possessions, did not notice only Mother Earth.

Where is Mother Earth? - was saddened. Then he noticed - a small point in the Ocean-Sea turns black. It’s not a point in the sea that turns black, it’s a gray duck swimming, born of gray foam. It swims in the sea like spinning on needles, does not sit in one place, does not stand - everything jumps and turns.

Do you not know where the Earth lies? - Svarog asked the gray duck.

Beneath me, the Earth, she says, is buried deep in the Ocean ...

At the behest of the Heavenly Family, at the will of the welded Earth, you get it from the depths of the sea! - Svarog demanded then.

The duck said nothing, it dived into the Ocean-Sea, hid in the depths for a whole year. As the year ended, it rose from the bottom.

I didn’t have enough spirit a little bit, I didn’t make it to the Earth a bit. I didn't swim just a hair ...

Help us Rod! - called Svarog.

Then violent winds rose, the blue sea made noise ... Rod blew strength into the duck with the wind. And Svarog said to the gray duck:

At the behest of the Heavenly Clan, at the will of the welded Earth, you get it from the depths of the sea!

Again the duck said nothing, dived into the Ocean-Sea and hid in the abyss for two years. As the term ended, it rose from the bottom.

I didn’t have enough spirit a little bit, I didn’t make it to the Earth a bit. I didn't swim for half a hair ...

Help, father! - Svarog called again.

Then violent winds rose again, and menacing clouds went across the sky, a great storm broke out, Rod's voice - thunder shook the heavens, and lightning struck the duck. Rod breathed the power of a great storm, a formidable storm into the gray duck.

And Svarog swore the gray duck:

At the behest of the Heavenly Clan, at the will-desire of the svarog, you get the Earth from the depths of the sea!

The third time the duck said nothing, it dived into the Ocean-Sea and hid in the depths for three years. As the term ended, it rose from the bottom. She brought a handful of earth in her beak.

Svarog took a handful of earth, began to crumple in his palms.

Warm up, Red Sun, light up, Bright month, help me, violent winds! We will sculpt from damp earth Mother earth, mother wet nurse. Help us Rod! Lada, help!

The earth is crumpled by Svarog - the Sun is warming, the Moon is shining and the winds are blowing. The winds blew the earth from the palm, and it fell into the blue sea. The Red Sun warmed her up - the Cheese Earth was baked on top with a crust, then cooled her Light month.

So Svarog created Mother Earth. He established three underground vaults in it - three underground kingdoms. And so that the Earth would not go into the sea again, Rod gave birth to a powerful Yusha under her - a wondrous, powerful snake. It was hard for him to keep his mother Earth for many thousands of years.

So the Mother of Cheese Earth was born. So she rested on the Serpent. If Yusha-Serpent moves, the Mother of Cheese Earth will turn.

Animals in painting

I am sure that you have more than once admired the paintings in which animals were depicted. Such works very often attract us and arouse our interest, as well as portraits of people whom we are also interested in. Therefore, pictures with painted animals are a kind of "their portrait". And I also want to remind you that it was with the images of animals in caves, on rocks that the fine arts began. Although the beginning goes far into the past, the tradition of drawing animals has remained. And thanks to her, we continue to look at such works with admiration, respect, and sometimes with a smile.

I want to briefly talk about the animalistic genre and its features, and then I invite you to see the works of the American animal artist Persis Clayton Weirs

Animalistic genre - a kind of direction in the visual arts. The name of this genre comes from the Latin "animal", which means "animal". It combines natural science and artistic principles, and the main task of an animal painter is an accurate depiction of an animal and its artistic and imaginative characteristics. You also need to be able to and include decorative expressiveness or endow animals with features, actions and even experiences. Therefore, the image of animals in the visual arts requires a special approach and very delicate craftsmanship. Perhaps this influenced the fact that many of the works of animal painters are recognized as high works of art. One such author is Persis Clayton Weirs.

Persis Clayton Weirs - An American animal painter without special art education learned to draw animals by observing them in nature. In her first paintings, horses are mostly present, but in the future she already draws not only domestic animals, but also wild ones. Apparently the nature that she sees, constantly living in Maine, and influenced the development of her talent to draw. Seriously drawing, she began to study in 23. She not only draws, but also illustrated several books. Her paintings have been shown at annual exhibitions in Georgetown and other cities. She has participated in the Washington International Equestrian Exhibition and at the St. Louis Galleries, and one of her works has been featured in the Birds in Art exhibition at the Lee Yockey Woodson Art Museum in Wasau. The original of this painting was selected to participate in international exhibition in Pekin. In her works, she conveys love and respect for nature, and its charm.

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