Sverdlovsk regional center of acute poisoning. Toxic reanimation department - Maxim Borisovich, the institution you head is unique in many ways. Share some of its features
The Institute of Toxicology is a medical scientific institution engaged in fundamental research in the field of toxicology, pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacology, as well as the creation on this basis of new means and methods for the prevention and treatment of poisoning.
Currently, the main task of the Institute of Toxicology is to obtain new scientific knowledge in the field of natural sciences and use it in the interests of public health, ensuring the defense and security of the state, as well as protecting environment.
One of the main directions scientific research The toxicology of xenobiotics remains at the Institute.
This traditional direction is associated with the study of the mechanisms of toxic action, the identification of molecular receptor and physiological targets of the action of poisons, as well as with the assessment of the severity of manifestations of intoxication and toxicometric parameters. wide range chemical compounds.
Another important area is the development and implementation of special means of medical protection and pharmacotherapy of poisoning. The solution to this problem includes two main approaches. The first is experimental therapy of intoxication using available pharmacological preparations, including the development of regimens and assessment of the effectiveness of therapy, as well as the creation of combined dosage forms. The second approach is the creation of original antidotes and drugs for the treatment of poisoning, which includes the whole process from the idea of chemical synthesis to the industrial production of a drug.
One of the few centers in Russia for the creation and implementation in practice effective means medical protection (antidotes and pathogenetic therapy) against poisoning with highly toxic chemical substances based on the study of the patterns of chemical and biological interaction and the study of mechanisms of toxic action.
The staff of the Institute have developed 13 drugs. In practical health care, such drugs as pyrroxane, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, have been used, which received 5 foreign patents (England, USA, France, Germany and Switzerland) and licenses for production in the USA and Spain; butyroxan - a remedy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome; chlorazil is an anticholinergic agent. For the development of antidotes for highly toxic substances, the employees of the Institute were awarded State Prizes three times (1951, 1967 and 1981).
V last years At the Institute of Toxicology, research has been developed related to solving problems of practical health care to ensure the chemical safety of certain contingents of workers in hazardous industries and the population of Russia. This includes the substantiation of the principles and methods of early diagnosis of the toxic effects of heavy metals and organic compounds - environmental pollutants.
The result of the Institute's research, devoted to the study of the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on various groups of the population, was the scientific substantiation and development of a new organizational form of medical care for the population with chemical pathology - outpatient toxicology. Since 1997, the Institute has been operating a consultative and diagnostic polyclinic - the only specialized toxicological outpatient institution in Russia. The polyclinic staff is involved in providing medical and scientific advice in areas of environmental risk.
The great contribution of the Institute to the development of domestic toxicology was marked by government awards. The works of the Institute were awarded 3 State Prizes, a prize from the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and anniversary scientific medals. 2 employees of the Institute have high titles "Honored Doctor Russian Federation”, More than 40 people were awarded orders and medals.
The Institute of Toxicology is included in the list of organizations and institutions that carry out preclinical studies of drugs (Information letter of Roszdravnadzor No. 01I-344/05 of 14.07.2005). Leading specialists have State Certificates and International Certificates (Helm global group company Ireland and Bioindustry initiative program of State department USA), confirming qualifications in the field of preclinical research according to the GLP system.
The preclinical testing center of the FGBUN “Institute of Toxicology” of the FMBA of Russia complies with the OECD Good Laboratory Practice (OECD GLP) principles. Entry in the register of Federal Accreditation No. 2.
A unique cluster for the development and implementation of new technologies for clinical and chemical-analytical diagnostics and treatment of adverse effects chemical factors environment.
FSBSI "FTsTRB-VNIVI" (Kazan) is a large scientific center of the country, an institution of the first category of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia. The main activities of the Institute are: assessment of the toxicological, radiation and epizootic situation in the territory of the Russian Federation and participation in the development of projects of federal targeted and departmental programs in the field of toxicology, radiobiology and infectious pathology of animals; organization and implementation of research work on the development, production and implementation of medicines for veterinary, agrotechnical and medical purposes. The institution was created by order of the Ministry Agriculture USSR in 1960.
The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FTsTRB-VNIVI" (hereinafter referred to as the Center) has implemented and successfully operates a pharmaceutical quality system that meets the requirements of the national rules of good manufacturing practice (GMP) in accordance with Order No. 916 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia.
The center has licenses for the right to carry out: production of sterile and non-sterile medicines for veterinary use, pharmaceutical activities (trade, storage); works using information constituting a state secret; work with microorganisms of 2-4 pathogenicity groups; operation of radiation sources; educational activities in the field of postgraduate education and advanced training of executives and specialists in the profile of the institution. On the basis of the institution, there is a testing center accredited in accordance with GOST ISO / IEC 17025-2009 for research of agricultural and food products. In the laboratories of the Institute, only in recent years, 17 unique medicines, diagnostic kits and biological preparations have been developed and improved for the first time.
Svetlana Lybina
The main task of the Institute of Toxicology of the FMBA of Russia, which has more than 80-year history, is research and practical work on medical support of chemical safety of the population and the environment. The head of the institution, Maxim Borisovich Ivanov, tells about the specifics of the institution's work.
- Maksim Borisovich, the institution you head is unique in many ways. Share some of its features.
- More than 80-year history of the Institute of Toxicology is marked by the introduction of unique medicines, medical means of protection against toxic substances, and, above all, antidotes to organophosphorus toxic substances, into public health practice. To solve this problem, a lot of work is being done on the development of a general theory of toxic effects, as well as in the field of applied pharmacology and the synthesis of drugs.
Dealing with the issues of creating medical protection and pharmacotherapy, the Institute naturally came to the need to solve the problems of preclinical assessment of drugs. For this purpose, the Institute has established a certified Testing Center for Preclinical Research of the Federal State budgetary institution Science "Institute of Toxicology of the Federal Biomedical Agency", which conducts its work in accordance with the principles of OECD Good Laboratory Practice (OECD GLP). There are very few such centers in the Russian Federation, they can be counted on one hand. The leading specialists of the center have state certificates and international certificates confirming qualifications in the field of preclinical research according to the GLP system.
In addition, the Institute of Toxicology is the only institution in Russia that has preserved and develops an integrated approach to the training of qualified specialists in various areas of toxicology and pharmacology through postgraduate studies and advanced training within the framework of additional professional education.
- The Institute is known for its powerful scientific base, at different times outstanding scientists - toxicologists and pharmacologists worked in it. What is in the area of scientific interests of the institution today?
- One of the main directions of the Institute's research activities was and remains the study of the toxicity of the most priority and hazardous chemical compounds and the toxic processes they cause. This is what creates the fundamental basis for solving all scientific and practical problems to ensure chemical safety.
Another important direction is the development and implementation of special medical protection equipment, as well as the search for effective medical technologies and treatment regimens for intoxication using available pharmacological preparations. The creation of original antidotes and drugs for the treatment of poisoning from the idea of chemical synthesis to the development of finished dosage forms is our main research strategy.
In recent years, research has been developed related to solving problems of practical health care to ensure the chemical safety of individual contingents of workers in hazardous industries and the population of Russia. This includes the substantiation of the principles and methods of early diagnosis of the toxic effect of priority environmental pollutants - heavy metals and organic compounds. It is the studies of the toxic effects of these groups of pollutants that became the basis for the scientific substantiation and development of a new organizational form of medical care to the population for diseases of chemical etiology - outpatient toxicology.
Within the framework of the Federal Target Program "National System of Chemical and Biological Safety of the Russian Federation (2009-2014)", work has begun on the creation of centers for the indication and diagnosis of chemical poisoning. The Institute conducts a whole range of studies aimed at developing a scientific, methodological and organizational basis for the effective operation of the centers. Modern chemical analytical methods and technologies are being developed, work is underway to create state standard samples, as well as the development of measurement techniques. Essential for us is the necessary certification of the products being developed and their entry into state registers.
The standard samples of the composition of biomaterials containing toxic metals developed at the Institute are registered as state standard samples, including as interstate ones, included in the Register of interstate reference materials for the composition and properties of substances and materials of the member states of the "Agreement on a Coordinated Policy in the Field of Standardization, metrology and certification ".
It is traditional to conduct studies to assess the safety and improve pharmacotherapy in the treatment of eye lesions caused by lacrimators and irritating substances in order to prevent possible long-term consequences of exposure to gas self-defense weapons.
A relatively new direction of the Institute's research is the development of a methodology for assessing the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of priority ecotoxicants using modern criteria-based assessments and methods for detecting violations.
- What research is carried out to ensure chemical safety?
- Within the framework of the aforementioned Federal Target Program, a voluminous work was done to assess the elemental status of the population of various regions of the Russian Federation, as a result of which five volumes of the manuals “The elemental status of the population of Russia” and “Atlas. Elemental status of the population of Russia ”. The materials of these publications can be one of the bases for making management decisions to ensure the chemical safety of the population.
In the sphere of scientific and practical interests of the institution, the problem of toxicological assessment of the safety of various environmental objects (water, soil, production and consumption wastes) is constantly located. In 1995, on the basis of the Institute of Toxicology, a Testing Laboratory for Analytical Ecotoxicology was established. Within the scope of accreditation, it carries out the selection and examination of samples of natural and drinking water, wastewater discharged into open water bodies; selection and research of samples of soils, grounds, bottom sediments; atmospheric air, air of the working area, industrial emissions into the atmosphere; production and consumption waste, as well as the study of physical environmental factors.
- Surely you are cooperating with foreign colleagues. How would you define the vector of this interaction: competition or cooperation?
- In terms of international scientific and technical cooperation, the Institute in the period from 2009 to 2013 carried out work on the projects of the International Science and Technology Center (ISTC). The Institute worked as an organization - co-executor of the research project "The use of reactive metal nanoparticles in environmental protection: from fundamental knowledge to practical application" with financial support from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USA EPA). The lead organization - the executor of the project - was the Institute of Organic Chemistry. N. D. Zelinsky RAS. This work can be seen as a mutually beneficial cooperation.
Currently, active work is underway in the field of harmonization of domestic and international standards for studying the general and specific toxicity of pharmaceutical substances, drugs and chemical products.
Representatives of the Institute actively participate in international conferences on quality assurance systems in biomedical research in Europe and the United States, in fact, representing the interests of our country at the international community level.
- To develop the tasks of reducing the risk of negative effects of chemical load on the population, a unique and so far the only outpatient toxicological institution in Russia was created at the Institute of Toxicology - a specialized consultative and diagnostic polyclinic (CDP). In what mode is the work being carried out?
- KDP is designed to provide medical care to the population for diseases caused by the action chemical substances the environment, primarily with the toxic effects of heavy metals. The work to provide assistance to the population is carried out in the modes of outpatient consultation and toxic-chemical laboratory research, with the appointment of a course of treatment and subsequent dispensary observation. Residents of St. Petersburg and other regions of the Russian Federation are examined.
The KDP is in constant readiness to carry out medical and sanitary measures to eliminate the consequences of emergencies (chemical accidents and incidents). Polyclinic specialists are involved in the examination of the contingent served by the medical units of the FMBA of Russia in terms of additional laboratory tests and consultations of toxicologists, which allows medical organizations of the FMBA of Russia to expand the possibilities of examination without increasing the laboratory base.
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