Fear has big eyes. How to deal with different types of fears: five faithful helpers. Writing reasoning victory over fear gives us strength Fear has big eyes for arguments

Fear is one of the strongest negative emotions in a person, and the biggest obstacle to success. When we are scared, a significant amount is released into the blood. This causes a corresponding reaction of the body: heart rate increases, pupils dilate, muscles tense, sometimes fear even paralyzes the body. In general, fear - a natural phenomenon, and was created exclusively as a protective mechanism of a biological organism from danger and threat to life.

When there really is foundations in order to fear for your life, fear just helps. For example, you can run away, hide, stop a conflict, or defend yourself in time. But in modern life fears are basically an acquired psychological problem that does not have a real threat to life and health. We are afraid not to pass the exam, make a public presentation, go “on the carpet” to the boss, and so on. Such fears do not benefit, do not protect our lives, but rather harm. Indeed, apart from a shattered nervous system and missed opportunities, such fears will not bring anything else. Let's try to fight them.

1. First step

The most terrible is the unknown. When we have to complete an unknown task, we are haunted by the fear that we will not cope. “What if it doesn’t work? I’ve never done this!”, We exclaim, and with horror we begin to postpone this matter for an indefinite period, or refuse altogether. A good way to deal with this fear is to start a new business as soon as possible.

Just do first step, take action. It doesn't matter if you don't even know where to start. Start in the middle, or at the end. I was recently assigned such a task that at the sight of one wording I panicked, because I had no idea how to do it. I started by opening up the Internet and reading everything I could find on this topic. So I had a starting point, and then I figured out the task itself. It is not for nothing that they say: "The eyes are afraid, but the hands do everything."

2. I am a hero

Public performances most of us, if not all, are afraid. How to behave in front of listeners or viewers in order to please them? Here! We want to please! That's all! To do this, it is enough to be sure that they like you. Well, first of all, try to realize that these people who came to watch and listen to you do not know as much about this subject as you do, otherwise they would have performed themselves.

By the way, majority viewers generally have no idea about the subject of the report. Therefore, feel like a smart teacher in front of little students. And in order to have more self-confidence, imagine that there is a person in the hall now who unconditionally admires you, for whom you are a hero, and devote your speech to him. You need to be tuned in to a wave of unconditional approval in order to cope with such fear, then everything will work out.

3. I will think about it tomorrow

"Tomorrow exam! And I haven't learned anything! "- the thoughts of a student who is well prepared for the subject, but just panics. It would be good to think about her tomorrow, after the exam. Tell yourself:" I will think about it tomorrow, at 17-00 after returning from the institute , I will have a lot of time. "And mentally glue a leaflet on the wall with a reminder of upcoming event called "to be afraid of the exam". You can, by the way, hang up a real leaflet with a reminder.

Our brain will subconsciously postpone "business" for a designated time, and you will not be tormented by useless fears, you will be calm. Or you can write yourself a lot of important things on purpose, plan them for "after the exam", and let your mind be busy thinking about these important matters. And we will pass the exam as if by the way. It's just that your fear and anxiety can play a cruel joke on you during the exam. They learned the subject, but got overwhelmed and forgot everything in panic. To prevent this from happening, put fear aside for later.

4. Is it weak for me?

Fear to bring yourself to a new, higher level, it can end very badly. Imagine being offered a prestigious job. Several candidates apply for the place. And you, succumbing to your fear, say to yourself: "No, I will not succeed, I am weaker than other candidates, I will not cope, I am afraid, I will not go." Does it really not hurt the fact that someone can, and you cannot?

After all, there must be pride and pride. Yes, purely out of harm, it is worth going and fighting, proving to yourself and the world that you are worth something. Even if it didn't work out the first time, this is already a small victory over oneself. Long live courage! And then, think, because if you sit and be impressed by your fears, then all the best will go to someone, not you. So many missed opportunities! In the end, it is better to regret what has been done than what has not been done.

5. It's so important

And sometimes it happens fearfully just like that, for no particular reason, or because of some nonsense. Adrenaline is released when we call a guy we like, when our boss calls us, when we see a spider ... If fear has fettered your body for such a trifle, ask yourself: "What will happen if this event just happens in my life?" Most likely, the brain will answer "I do not know ... Probably nothing." And you can calmly do things without attaching importance to them. After all, this is just one of the many events in your life. Why be afraid?

Fear kills ... It is he who makes many retreat before the first troubles. When a person fights for his goal, he is often prevented from reaching it by various adversities, the fear of which overcomes the desire to achieve what he wants.

It is the victory over your own fears and doubts that helps a person move on, leaving behind all negative thoughts. After all, doubt is absolutely no better than fear, it is very bad when a person does not know whether he is doing the right thing or whether it is better to be warned against a wrong step. Fear and doubt are sometimes the main enemies of a person in his endeavors.

Of course, it is very easy to talk about the victory over fear, but what needs to be done to overcome yourself and stop doubting and fearing? After all, the victory over fear is a victory, first of all, over oneself.

First of all, you need to assess the scale of the problem and look it in the eye. Is it worth the worry and giving up on your dream. It is not for nothing that they say: "Fear has big eyes." Often, on emotions, people exaggerate the meaning and importance of fear, but in the end it turns out that about this it was possible not to worry so much. We need to look for support from our friends and relatives, because they can give us the right advice and look at the current situation from the outside. You need to try to calm down, come to your senses and soberly reflect on what happened in order to make a sound and reasonable decision.

A person who was able to overcome his fear, weakness and doubt - really the strong man, because each victory fosters fortitude, self-confidence, determination, perseverance and perseverance. It is much more convenient to live without fear, I believe that it should be present as an instinct for self-preservation and stop in really critical situations. But in cases of achieving his goal, it is better to leave him behind so that he does not become an obstacle.

Each person should learn from an early age to step over their fears, doubts and complexes, so that they do not interfere with his movement further through life.

Several interesting compositions

• Composition In a bad society, grade 5 reasoning based on the story of Korolenko

  Korolenko's work "In a Bad Society" made a great impression on me. It was read in one breath, I empathized with the characters. And all this made me think about a lot. First of all, about family values.

• The image of the teacher Kharlampy Diogenovich in the story The Thirteenth Feat of Iskander

  The title of the story is a quote from this hero. Actually, a story about him. After all, these are the writer's recollections of his school years and the specific case in which this very teacher of mathematics became the judge.

• Composition based on the Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom analysis

  There are a lot of saints in Russia, whose names are known perhaps not only in our country. The famous Russian saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom will not be an exception.

• Characteristics and image of Anatol Kuragin in the novel War and Peace composition

  Anatol Kuragin is minor hero works that represent a contrasting and contrasting image to the main characters of the novel.

• Man and nature in the story Pantry of the Sun Prishvin composition

  The main theme in the works of Mikhail Prishvin is the relationship between man and nature. The action of the fairy tale-were, basically, takes place in a swamp, which the author calls the "treasure of the sun" for the fact that it stores a lot of wealth

All the arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Courage and cowardice". Does it take courage to say no?

Some people are shy. Such people very often do not know how to refuse, which is what others use. The heroine of the story by A.P. Chekhov "". Yulia Vasilievna works as a governess for the storyteller. She is characterized by shyness, but this quality of her reaches the point of absurdity. Even when she is openly oppressed, unfairly deprived of earned money, she is silent, because her character does not allow her to fight back and say "no." The heroine's behavior shows us that courage is needed not only in emergency situations, but also in Everyday life when you need to stand up for yourself.

How is courage manifested in war?

Extreme conditions, as a rule, reveal the true essence of a person. Confirmation of this can be found in the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man". During the war, Andrei Sokolov was captured by the Germans, he was starved to death, kept in a punishment cell for attempting to escape, but he did not lose his human dignity, did not behave like a coward. Indicative is the situation when, for careless words, the camp commandant summoned him to his office to shoot him. But Sokolov did not renounce his words, did not show the German soldiers his fear. He was ready to meet death with dignity, for this he was spared his life. However, after the war, a more serious test awaited him: he learned that his wife and daughters had died, and only a crater remained in the place of the house. His son survived, but his father's happiness was short-lived: on the last day of the war, Anatoly was killed by a sniper. Despair did not break his spirit, he found the courage to continue life. He adopted a boy who also lost his entire family during the war. Thus, Andrei Sokolov shows a wonderful example of how to preserve dignity, honor and remain courageous in the most difficult life situations... Such people make the world a better and kinder place.

How is courage manifested in war? What kind of person is brave?

War is a terrible event in the life of any person. She takes away friends and loved ones, makes children orphans, destroys hopes. War breaks some people, makes others stronger. A striking example of a courageous strong-willed personality is Alexey Meresiev, the main character of BN's Tale of a Real Man. Field. All his life, Meresiev, who dreamed of becoming a professional fighter pilot, was seriously wounded in battle, and both legs were amputated in the hospital. It seems to the hero that his life is over, he cannot fly, walk, and is deprived of the hope of creating a family. Being in a military hospital and seeing an example of the courage of other wounded, he understands that he must fight. Every day, overcoming physical pain, Alexey does exercises. Soon he can already walk and even dance. With all his might, Meresiev is trying to achieve admission to the flight school, because only in the sky does he feel in his place. Despite the serious requirements for the pilots, Alexei receives a positive response. The girl he loves does not abandon him: after the war, they get married, and they have a son. Alexey Meresiev is an example of a man with an unbending will, whose courage even war could not break.

In the epic novel War and Peace, you can find many examples of human behavior in war. Thus, officer Zherkov manifests himself as a person who is not ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory. During the Shengraben battle, he shows cowardice, which leads to the death of many soldiers. By order of Bagration, he must go to the left flank with a very important message - an order to retreat. However, Zherkov is cowardly and does not convey the message. At this time, the French attacked the left flank, and the authorities did not know what to do, because they did not receive any orders. Chaos begins: the infantry flees into the forest, and the hussars go on the attack. Due to the actions of Zherkov dies great amount soldier. During this battle, young Nikolai Rostov is wounded, he, together with the hussars, boldly rushes into the attack, while the other soldiers are in confusion. Unlike Zherkov, he did not shy away, for which he was promoted to officer. On the example of one episode in the work, we can see the consequences of bravery and cowardice in war. Fear paralyzes some and forces others to act. Escaping and fighting do not guarantee life-saving, but courageous behavior not only preserves honor, but also gives strength in battle, which increases the chances of survival.

How are courage and self-confidence related? Courage to admit wrong. What is the difference between true and false courage? What's the difference between courage and risk-taking? Do you need to have the courage to admit your mistakes? Who can be called a coward?

Courage, expressed in overconfidence, can lead to irreparable consequences. It is generally accepted that courage is a positive quality of character. This statement is true if it is associated with intelligence. but a fool is sometimes dangerous. Thus, in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" M.Yu. Lermontov, one can find confirmation of this. Young cadet Grushnitsky, one of the characters in the chapter "Princess Mary", is an example of a person who pays great attention to outward manifestations of courage. He loves to have an effect on people, speaks in pompous phrases and pays excessive attention to his military uniform. He cannot be called a coward, but his bravery is ostentatious, not aimed at real threats. Grushnitsky and Pechorin have a conflict, and offended pride requires a duel with Grigory. However, Grushnitsky decides on meanness and does not load the enemy's pistol. Upon learning of this, it puts him in a difficult situation: to ask for forgiveness or to be killed. Unfortunately, the cadet cannot defeat his pride, he is ready to bravely meet death, because recognition is unthinkable for him. His "courage" is of no use to anyone. He dies because he does not realize that the courage to admit his mistakes is sometimes the most important thing.

How are the concepts of courage and riskiness, self-confidence, stupidity related? What is the difference between audacity and audacity?

Another character whose daring was foolish is Azamat, Bela's younger brother. He is not afraid of risk and bullets whistling over his head, but his courage is stupid, even fatal. He steals his sister from home, risking not only his relationship with his father and his safety, but also Bela's happiness. His courage is not aimed either at self-defense or at saving lives, therefore it leads to sad consequences: his father and sister die at the hands of a robber from whom he stole a horse, and he himself is forced to flee to the mountains. Thus, courage can lead to dire consequences if it is used by a person to achieve goals or protect their ego.

Courage in love. Can love inspire people to feats?

Love inspires people to great deeds. Thus, the main characters of O. Henry's story "" showed an example of courage to the readers. For the sake of love, they sacrificed the most precious: Della gave her beautiful hair, and Jim - the watch he inherited from his father. In order to realize what is really important in life, it takes great courage. It takes even more courage to sacrifice for the sake of a loved one.

Can a brave person be afraid? Why shouldn't you be afraid to confess your feelings? Why is indecision in love dangerous?

A. Maurois in his story "" shows the readers why indecision in love is dangerous. The protagonist of the story, Andre, falls in love with an actress named Jenny. He wears violets for her every Wednesday, but does not even dare to approach her. Passion seethes in his soul, the walls of his room are hung with portraits of his beloved, but in real life he can't even write a letter to her. The reason for this behavior lies in his fear of rejection, as well as in self-doubt. He considers his passion for the actress "hopeless" and elevates Jenny to an unattainable ideal. However, this person cannot be called a "coward". A plan arises in his head: to go to war in order to accomplish a feat that will bring him closer to Jenny. Unfortunately, there he dies, never having time to tell her about his feelings. After his death, Jenny learns from his father that he wrote many letters, but never sent a single one. If Andre had come closer to her at least once, he would have learned that for her "modesty, constancy and nobility are better than any feat." This example proves that indecision in love is dangerous because it prevents a person from becoming happy. It is likely that Andre's courage could make two people happy, and no one would have to mourn an unnecessary feat that never brought him closer to his main goal.

What actions can be called courageous? What is the physician's feat? Why is it important to be bold in life? What does it mean to be bold in everyday life?

Doctor Dymov is a noble man who has chosen to serve people as his profession. Only indifference to others, their troubles and illnesses can serve as the reason for such a choice. Despite the hardships in family life, Dymov thinks about patients more than about himself. His dedication to work often threatens him with dangers, so he dies saving the boy from diphtheria. He manifests himself as a hero, doing what he was not obliged to do. His courage, loyalty to his profession and duty do not allow him to do otherwise. To be a doctor with a capital letter, you need to be courageous and decisive, such as Osip Ivanovich Dymov.

What does cowardice lead to? What actions does cowardice push a person to? What is the danger of cowardice? What is the difference between fear and cowardice? Who can be called a coward? Can a brave person be afraid? Can we say that there is only one step from fear to cowardice? Is cowardice a sentence? How do extreme conditions affect courage? Why is it important to have courage when making your decisions? Can cowardice hinder the development of personality? Do you agree with Diderot's assertion: "We consider a coward the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Do you agree with Confucius's statement: "Cowardice is to know what to do and not to do it"

It's hard to be brave all the time. Sometimes even strong and honest people with high moral principles can get scared, as, for example, the hero of the story V.V. Zheleznikova Dima Somov. Traits of his character, such as "courage", "correctness" set him apart from other guys from the very beginning, he appears before readers as a hero who does not allow offending the weak, protects animals, strives for independence and loves work. During the campaign, Dima saves Lena from her classmates, who began to frighten her by putting on the "muzzles" of animals. It is for this reason that Lenochka Bessoltseva falls in love with him.

But over time, we see the moral decline of the "hero" Dima. At first, he is frightened by the problem with his classmate's brother and violates his principle. He does not tell that his classmate Valya is a zhivoder because he is afraid of his brother. But the next act showed a completely different side of Dima Somov. He deliberately allowed the whole class to think about what Lena had told the teacher about the disruption of the lesson, even though he did it himself. The reason for this act was cowardice. Further, Dima Somov plunges deeper and deeper into the abyss of fear. Even when Lena was declared a boycott, they mocked her, Somov could not confess, although he got a lot of chances. This hero was paralyzed by fear, turning him from a “hero” into an ordinary “coward”, devalued all his positive qualities.

This hero shows us another truth: we are all woven from contradictions. Once we are brave, sometimes we are afraid. But there is a huge gap between fear and cowardice. Cowardice is not useful, it is dangerous, because it pushes a person to do bad things, awakens base instincts. And fear is something that is inherent in everyone. A person who performs a feat may be afraid. The heroes are afraid ordinary people afraid, and this is normal, fear itself is a condition for the survival of the species. But cowardice is an already formed character trait.

What does it mean to be bold? How does courage shape personality? In what situations in life is courage best shown? What is real courage? What actions can be called courageous? Courage is resistance to fear, not lack of it. Can a brave person be afraid?

Lena Bessoltseva is one of the most powerful characters in Russian literature. In her example, we can see the huge gap between fear and cowardice. This is a little girl who finds herself in an unfair situation. She is inherent in fear: she is afraid of the cruelty of children, she is afraid of stuffed animals at night. But in fact, she turns out to be the most courageous of all the heroes, because she is able to intercede for those who are weaker, she is not afraid of universal condemnation, she is not afraid to be special, not like those around her. Lena proves her courage many times, for example, when she rushes to help Dima, when he is in danger, even though he betrayed her. Her example taught a whole class to do good, showed that everything in the world is not always decided by force. “And longing, such a desperate longing for human purity, for disinterested courage and nobility, more and more captured their hearts and demanded a way out.”

Do I need to defend the truth, fight for justice? Do you agree with Diderot's assertion: "We consider a coward the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Why is it important to have the courage to stand up for your ideals? Why are people afraid to voice their opinions? Do you agree with Confucius's statement: "Cowardice is to know what to do and not to do it"

It takes courage to fight injustice. The hero of the story, Vasiliev, saw injustice, but due to weakness of character, he could not resist the team and its leader, the Iron Button. This hero tries not to offend Lena Bessoltseva, refuses to beat her, but at the same time tries to maintain neutrality. Vasiliev tries to protect Lena, but he lacks character and courage. On the one hand, there is still hope that this character will improve. Perhaps the example of the brave Lena Bessoltseva will help him to overcome fears and teach him to defend the truth, even if everyone around is against it. On the other hand, Vasiliev's behavior and what his inaction led to, teaches us that we cannot stand aside if you understand that injustice is taking place. Vasiliev's tacit consent is instructive, since many of us are faced with similar situations in life. But there is a question that every person should ask himself before making a choice: is there anything worse than knowing about injustice, being a witness to it and just being silent? Courage, like cowardice, is a matter of choice.

Do you agree with the statement: “You can never live happily when you tremble with fear all the time”? How is suspiciousness related to cowardice? Why is fear dangerous? Can fear prevent a person from living? How do you understand the statement of Helvetius: "To be completely devoid of courage, one must be completely devoid of desires"? As you understand stable expression: " fear has big eyes"? Can it be argued that a person is afraid of what he does not know? How do you understand Shakespeare's statement: "Cowards die many times before they die, the brave only die once"?

"The Wise Piskar" is a cautionary tale about how fear is dangerous. Piskar lived and trembled all his life. He considered himself very smart, because he made a cave in which he could be safe, but the downside of this existence was the complete absence of real life. He did not create a family, did not make friends, did not breathe deeply, did not eat his fill, did not live, only sat in his hole. He sometimes wondered if there was any benefit from his existence, he realized that there was no, but fear did not allow him to leave his comfort and safety zone. So Piskar died, not knowing any joy in life. In this instructive allegory, many people can see themselves. This tale teaches us not to be afraid of life. Yes, it is full of dangers and disappointments, but if you are afraid of everything, then when should you live?

Do you agree with Plutarch's words: “Courage is the beginning of victory”? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why do you need to fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?

The problem of overcoming fear is also revealed in the novel by Veronica Roth "Divergent". Beatrice Pryor - main character artwork, leaves his home, the Forsaken faction, to become Fearless. She is afraid of the reaction of her parents, she is afraid of not going through the initiation ceremony, of being rejected in a new place. But her main strength lies in the fact that she challenges all her fears, looks them in the face. Tris puts herself in great danger while in the company of the Dauntless, because she is "different", such as she is being destroyed. This terribly scares her, but she is much more afraid of herself. She does not understand the nature of her difference from others, she is frightened by the thought that her very existence can be dangerous for people.

Fighting fears is one of the key issues in the novel. So, beloved Beatrice's name is Fore, translated from English it means "four". It is precisely this amount of fears that he needs to overcome. Tris and Faure fearlessly fight for their lives, for justice, for peace in the city they call home. They defeat both external enemies and internal ones, which undoubtedly characterizes them as brave people.

A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"
Georgy Zheltkov is a minor official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love arose long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of rejection. Perhaps, if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves.

Can a person be afraid of happiness? Do you need to have courage to change your life? Do I need to take risks?

Vera Sheina was afraid to be happy and wanted a calm marriage, without shocks, so she married the cheerful and pretty Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but great love she has not experienced. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformism, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.

How do you understand Twain's statement: “Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence?” How is willpower related to courage? Do you agree with Plutarch's words: “Courage is the beginning of victory”? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why do you need to fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?

Numerous writers have taken up this topic. Thus, E. Ilyina's story "The Fourth Height" is dedicated to overcoming fears. Gulya Koroleva is an example of courage in all its manifestations. Her whole life is a battle with fear, and each of her victories is a new height. In the work we see the history of the life of one person, the formation of a real personality. Every step she takes is a manifesto of determination. From the very first lines of the story, little Gulya shows real courage in a variety of life situations. Overcoming childhood fears, he takes a snake out of the box with his bare hands, sneaks into the cage from the elephants in the zoo. The heroine grows, and the trials encountered in life become more serious: the first role in a movie, admitting one’s wrong, the ability to take responsibility for one's actions. Throughout the entire work, she fights with her fears, does what she is afraid of. Already an adult Gulya Koroleva is getting married, she has a son, it seems that fears have been defeated, you can live in peace family life, but the biggest test lies ahead. The war breaks out, and her husband goes to the front. She is afraid for her husband, for her son, for the future of the country. But fear does not paralyze her, does not force her to hide. The girl goes to work as a nurse in the hospital in order to somehow help. Unfortunately, her husband dies and Gulya is forced to continue fighting alone. She goes to the front, unable to look at the horrors happening to her loved ones. The heroine takes the fourth height, she dies, having defeated the very last fear that lives in a person, the fear of death. On the pages of the story, we see how the main character is afraid, but she overcomes all her fears, such a person can undoubtedly be called a brave man.

What is courage? Courage is a trait of a decisive person who is able to make serious decisions quickly and fearlessly. Literature, both domestic and foreign, is replete with examples of brave heroes who look fear in the eyes without a drop of doubt. Courage helps people cope with adversity by overcoming the barrier of fear. The many-wise Litrecon helps you to cope with other difficulties, namely, with the selection of examples from the literature for an essay-reasoning 15.3 on the OGE in the Russian language.

1. Hero of the story M. A. Sholokhova "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov has shown courage throughout the war. He is able to overcome the fear of death, captivity, battles. Even finding himself alone with the enemies, the hero is not shy and behaves with dignity. He is not afraid of any work - everything is argued in the hands of Andrey. Sokolov is the personification of real courage, which became the main weapon of the Russian people in the Great Patriotic War.
2. A. Pushkin in the novel "Dubrovsky" creates the image of the brave Vladimir, the protagonist. Dubrovsky is not afraid to commit brave deeds in the name and for the sake of love. He is ready to take risks, hide his name, but be closer to Masha Troekurova. Love often leads people to make fearless decisions. She is able to destroy all fears when it comes to a dear person. Therefore, in the finale, Vladimir makes a desperate attempt to capture a well-guarded crew in order to save Marya. For example, the source of courage is often a sense of attachment to that which is in danger.
3. N. V. Gogol in the story "Taras Bulba" creates images of Cossacks, every one of them fearless, ready to give their lives for the Sich, for the Cossacks. These are the sons of Taras. Ostap, the eldest son, tried to defend his honor to the last native land and accepted death without fear or reproach. Andrii showed courage not only on the battlefield, but also during a harsh, fatal meeting with his father. The hero, like his brother, fearlessly accepted death, but from his own hand.
4. "Woe from Wit" A. S. Griboyedov shows us examples of bold deeds. For example, Chatsky is not afraid to speak the truth in the face of everything Famus society... The hero boldly criticizes the country's conservatism, its hypocrites and bureaucrats. On the contrary, Molchalin is an example of extraordinary cowardice in front of "big" people. In such a clear contrast, the beauty of courage and the whole baseness of cowardice are most vividly presented.
5. Pyotr Grinev, hero Captain's daughter "A. Pushkin, reveals himself as a brave warrior. He is honest with his own conscience, honest with his colleagues and the empress. Grinev fearlessly expresses his opinion to Pugachev, knowing full well that his life depends on the words spoken to the robber. Nevertheless, the risk does not stop Grinev - he remains a brave and honest officer, even under the threat of physical harm.
6. « A word about Igor's regiment"- one of the oldest surviving works of Russian literature. It is in this text that the strength and legendary courage of Russian soldiers is shown. Igor and his army are fighting bravely, fearing neither captivity nor death in the battle with the nomads. Their courage, however, is unfounded. The heroes simply chased glory in battle, and achieved the loss of many soldiers and their own freedom. Any courage needs a reasonable application; one cannot surrender to it recklessly.
7. "Song of the Prophetic Oleg" also reminds us of distant history The Russian state... Oleg, believing the predictions of the Magi and sorcerers, decided to protect his horse from himself: it was from him that the prince was destined to die. However, after the death of the horse, Oleg laughed at the predictions and boldly went to the grave of the battle horse. It was here that his death from the snake awaited him. This example reminds us that reckless courage can lead to dire consequences.
8. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov "Borodino" tells about the fearlessness of Russian soldiers during Patriotic War 1812 Then on the battlefield many brave fighters were killed, their feat was forever captured by history. M. Yu. Lermontov presents all the events of those years as simple story, conversation between uncle and youth. But it is thanks to this form of presentation that we, the readers, more clearly imagine the courage of our ancestors, who did not spare their lives for the sake of victory.
9. Tatiana Larina, heroine p Ushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", acted really boldly, opening her feelings to Eugene. In those days, it was risky for a girl to confess her love to a young man. Tatiana was not afraid, she destroyed the existing stereotypes, fighting for her happiness. Although the girl received a refusal from her lover, she did not regret the courage shown in important point her life. This act became for her the most valuable life lesson.
10. In the fairy tale poem by Alexander Pushkin "Ruslan and Lyudmila" the main character, along with other daredevils, fearlessly goes in search of his beloved. Lyudmila was kidnapped after the wedding with Ruslan, and the young man saved his wife without a shadow of a doubt. All the obstacles that appeared on the way of Ruslan only kindled in him the courage and desire to find Lyudmila. Thanks to courage, the hero managed to prevent the evil forces, to destroy the insidious plans of the enemies.

Courage and fearfulness are moral categories associated with the spiritual side of the individual. They are an indicator of human dignity, demonstrate weakness, or, on the contrary, strength of character, which manifests itself in difficult life situations. Our history is rich in such vicissitudes, therefore arguments in the direction of "Courage and cowardice" for the final essay are presented in abundance in Russian classics. Examples from Russian literature will help the reader understand how and where courage manifests itself and fear creeps out.

1. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", one of such situations is war, which confronts the heroes with a choice: to succumb to fear and save their own lives, or, disdaining the danger, to keep the fortitude. Andrei Bolkonsky in battle shows remarkable courage, the first to rush into battle to cheer up the soldiers. He knows that he may die in battle, but the fear of death does not frighten him. Fyodor Dolokhov is also fighting desperately in the war. The feeling of fear is foreign to him. He knows that a brave soldier can influence the outcome of a battle, so he bravely rushes into battle, despising
   cowardice. But the young cornet Zherkov gives in to fear and refuses to hand over the order to retreat. The letter, which was never delivered to them, becomes the cause of the death of many soldiers. The price for showing cowardice turns out to be prohibitively high.
2. Courage conquers time and perpetuates names. Cowardice is a shameful stain on the pages of history and literature.
   In the novel by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter"An example of courage and courage is the image of Pyotr Grinev. He is ready to defend at the cost of his life Belogorsk fortress under the onslaught of Pugachev, and the fear of death is alien to the hero at the moment of danger. A heightened sense of justice and duty does not allow him to flee or refuse the oath. Shvabrin, awkward and shallow in his motives, is presented in the novel as the antipode of Grinev. He goes over to the side of Pugachev, committing betrayal. He is driven by fear for his own life, while the fates of other people mean nothing to Shvabrin, who is ready to save himself by exposing another under attack. His image entered the history of Russian literature as one of the archetypes of cowardice.
3. War reveals hidden human fears, the oldest of which is the fear of death. In V. Bykov's story "Crane Cry" the heroes face a seemingly impossible task: to detain the German troops. Each of them understands that it is possible to fulfill the duty only at the cost of his own life. Everyone must decide for himself what is more important for him: to avoid death or to execute an order. Pshenichny believes that life is more precious than a ghostly victory, so he is ready to surrender in advance. He decides that surrendering to the Germans is much wiser than risking his life in vain. Ovseev agrees with him. He regrets that he did not have time to escape before the arrival of German troops, and most of the battle sits in a trench. In the next attack, he makes a cowardly attempt to escape, but Glechik shoots at him, not allowing him to escape. Glechik himself is no longer afraid to die. It seems to him that only now, in a moment of complete despair, he felt responsible for the outcome of the battle. The fear of death for him is small and insignificant, in comparison with the thought that by flight he can betray the memory of his lost comrades. This is the true heroism and fearlessness of a hero doomed to death.
4. Vasily Tyorkin is another archetype hero who went down in literary history as an image of a brave, cheerful and gallant soldier who goes into battle with a smile on his lips. But he attracts the reader not so much with feigned fun and well-aimed jokes, as with genuine heroism, courage and staunchness. The image of Tyorkin was created by Tvardovsky as a joke, however, the author depicts the war in a poem without embellishment. Against the background of military realities, the unpretentious and such captivating image of the soldier Tyorkin becomes the people's embodiment of the ideal of a real soldier. Of course, the hero is afraid of death, dreams of family comfort, but he knows for sure that the defense of the Fatherland is his main duty. Duty to the Motherland, to the fallen comrades and to oneself.
5. In the story "Coward" V.M. Garshin deduces the characterization of the character in the title, thereby, as it were, assessing it in advance, hinting at the further course of the narrative. “The war is definitely not giving me peace,” the hero writes in his notes. He is afraid that he will be taken as a soldier and does not want to go to war. It seems to him that millions of ruined human lives cannot be justified by a great purpose. However, in reflecting on his own fear, he comes to the conclusion that he can hardly accuse himself of cowardice. He is sickened by the idea of ​​taking advantage of influential acquaintances and avoiding war. An inner sense of truth does not allow him to resort to such a petty and unworthy means. “You can't run away from a bullet,” the hero says before dying, thereby accepting it, realizing his involvement in the ongoing battle. His heroism lies in the voluntary refusal of cowardice, in the impossibility of doing otherwise.
6. "And the dawns here are quiet ..." B. Vasiliev - the book is not about cowardice. On the contrary, about incredible, superhuman courage. Moreover, her heroes prove that war can have woman's face, and courage is not only a man's destiny. Five young girls are fighting an unequal battle with a German squad, a battle from which they will hardly come out alive. Each of them understands this, but not one stops at death and with obedience goes to meet her in order to fulfill her duty. All of them - Liza Brichkina, Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak - are killed by the Germans. However, there is not a shadow of a doubt in their silent feat. They know for sure that there can be no other choice. Their faith is unshakable, and their perseverance and courage are examples of true heroism, direct proof that human capabilities have no limits.
7. "Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right?" - asks Rodion Raskolnikov, confident that he is more likely the second than the first. However, according to the incomprehensible irony of life, everything turns out to be exactly the opposite. The soul of Raskolnikov turns out to be cowardly, despite the fact that he found the strength to commit murder. In an attempt to rise above the masses, he loses himself and crosses the moral line. Dostoevsky in the novel emphasizes that it is very easy to embark on the false path of self-deception, but to overcome fear in oneself and bear the punishment, which Raskolnikov is so afraid of, is necessary for the spiritual purification of the hero. Sonia Marmeladova comes to the aid of Rodion, who lives in constant fear for what he has done. Despite all her external fragility, the heroine has a persistent character. She instills confidence and courage in the hero, helps him overcome cowardice, and is even ready to share Raskolnikov's punishment in order to save his soul. Both heroes are struggling with fate and circumstances, this shows their strength and courage.
8. "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov is another book about courage and courage, the hero of which is an ordinary soldier Andrei Sokolov, whose fate is devoted to the pages of the book. The war forced him to leave home and go to the front to pass the tests of fear and death. In battle, Andrei is honest and brave, like many soldiers. He is loyal to a debt for which he is willing to pay even own life... Stunned by a war shell, Sokolov sees the approaching Germans, but does not want to flee, deciding that the last minutes must be spent with dignity. He refuses to obey the invaders, his courage impresses even the German commandant, who sees in him a worthy enemy and a valiant soldier. Fate is merciless to the hero: he loses in the war the most precious thing - a loving wife and children. But, in spite of the tragedy, Sokolov remains a man, lives according to the laws of conscience, according to the laws of a brave human heart.
9. V. Aksyonov's novel "The Moscow Saga" is dedicated to the history of the Gradov family, who devoted their entire life to serving the Fatherland. This is a trilogy novel, which is a description of the life of an entire dynasty, closely related by family ties. The heroes are ready to sacrifice a lot for the happiness and well-being of each other. In desperate attempts to save loved ones, they show remarkable courage, the call of conscience and duty for them is defining, guiding all their decisions and actions. Each of the heroes is brave in his own way. Nikita Gradov heroically defends his homeland. He receives the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The hero is uncompromising in his decisions; several military operations are successfully carried out under his leadership. The adopted son of the Gradovs, Mitya, also goes to war. Creating heroes, immersing them in an atmosphere of constant anxiety, Aksenov shows that courage is the lot not only of an individual person, but also of an entire generation brought up in respect of family values ​​and moral duty.
10. Feats are an eternal theme in literature. Cowardice and courage, their confrontation, numerous victories of one over the other, and now become the subject of controversy and searches for modern writers.
    One of these authors is the famous British writer J.K. Rowling and her world-famous hero, Harry Potter. Her series of novels about a wizard boy won the hearts of young readers with the fantastic plot and, of course, the courage of the heart of the central character. Each of the books is a story of the struggle between good and evil, in which the first always wins, thanks to the courage of Harry and his friends. In the face of danger, each of them maintains steadfastness and faith in the ultimate triumph of good, which, according to a happy tradition, the winners are rewarded for courage and courage.
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