Excursion to the local history museum. The topic of the lesson is an excursion to the local history museum "History of my land Development of an excursion to the local history museum

Legends of deep antiquity

Excursion to the school local history museum

Purpose of the excursion: formation of knowledge on the history of settlement native land, about the work and life of the Trans-Ural peasants on the basis of folklore data and museum exhibits.

Tour objectives:

1. Educational: during the excursion to ensure the assimilation of the main factors that influenced the development of the native land.

2. Developing: develop the ability to work with various sources of information, analyze the information received.

3. Educating: to form an interest in the history of the native land, in the achievements of ancestors.

Expected results .

During the excursion, students will be able to:

Express your own opinion;

Apply various sources of information;

Use the knowledge gained in communicating with people.

Equipment: exhibits of the school museum.

After the campaign of Ermak in 1581 - 1582. people were drawn to Siberia. Yuri Konetsky in the poem "Verkhoturye" wrote:

Russia fell to Siberia along the road.

Some from the road, and some with a brush,

Some - with a horse on fresh grass,

Who - attracted by a free piece of land.

Some - secretly, some in the glands - a shackle,

Some are walking on business, some are so ...

With the Bryakunians on the troika - the chief,

Commander-in-chief il clerk.

In rattle cars, carts, koshevs,

In boots, in small shoes, barefoot

Either they are torturing great happiness,

Either from the old grief - running?

People also walked in the Trans-Urals, which stretched as a strip between the Urals-father and Siberia-mother. The surnames of the settlers often tell where people came from to our region. Peasants came from the Verkhotursky, Tyumen and Tobolsk districts, from Russia.

Ustyuzhanins - from Ustyug, Basargin - from the north of European Russia, Permyakovs, Zyryanovs - from Perm province (Komi-Perm and Komi-Zyryans), Bulatov - a surname of Turkic origin, etc. (1, p. 16, 17).

In the Trans-Urals, Russian people encountered Tatars and Bashkirs. It often happened that they attacked Turkic peoples and took people into captivity. This is what the legend says about it.

The non-Russian people lived behind Tobol. The pits from their yurts have survived to this day. Once they took away a very young girl, about 7 years old. She grew up among non-Russians. Then she was given in marriage. The son was born and began to grow.

An old Russian woman went into the forest to pick mushrooms. Non-Russian people swooped down on her like kites and took her away. The husband gave the old woman to the young wife as a goose-maker, and to swing the child. The captive saw the mistress and recognized her lost daughter. And she sang a plaintive song.

A ballad was written based on this plot:

As beyond the river

Yes for Daria

Evil Tatarov

Duvan was blown away.

On Duvanjica

I got it

Got out

Mother-in-law to the son-in-law.

How my son-in-law took my mother-in-law

To the far steppe

To the far steppe

To a young wife.

Well, now, wife,

You are a worker

From Russia Russian

Polonyanochka.

You make her

Seven things to do.

The first thing is

Baby swing,

Another thing -

Kudel to spin;

And the third thing -

To graze geese.

Polonyanochka

The cradle sways

The cradle sways

Here is the child shaking,

Here is the child shaking,

Sentences:

"You baiu, baiu,

Boyar son,

You are according to the father -

Evil Tatar children,

And according to mother -

You are a little Russian

And by kind

You are my granddaughter.

After all, your mother -

My own daughter.

She is seven years old

Fully taken. "

As the hostess heard this song, everyone jumped up. She ran to her mother, fell at her feet and cried with bitter tears:

You are my dear sovereign,

You didn't tell me much

Why didn't you confess to me?

This song interested Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, who recorded it for himself (2, p. 164).

VXviicentury, the land along the Iset River began to be actively populated. In 1644, the monastery was founded by the monk Dalmat (in the world Dmitry Ioannovich Mokrinsky). At the foot of a high place he dug a cave and settled as a hermit. And these lands belonged to a noble Tatar, Tyumen Murza Iligey. He rode up with a detachment of Tatars, entered the cave of the monk with a bared blade, but in a conversation he found out that Dalmata's mother was a baptized Tatar from his family. In 1646, he gave Dalmatia the entire estate in possession, presented him with his battle shishak and chain mail.

They built a wooden monastery, but in 1651 the Kalmyks swooped down, burned the monastery, torturing the monks, only the Dalmatian survived. Again the monks, peasants with their families went to him. His own son John (as a monk Isaac) came. A wooden church was built in the name of the Assumption of the Mother of God (3, p. 5 - 11).

Model of the monastery in the Dalmatovsky Museum of Local Lore. Photo: L. Plotnikova

In 1664 the monastery burned down again and was rebuilt again. In 1697 the Dalmatian monk died at the age of 103. And his son Isaac built a stone monastery.

The exhibits of the museum testify to a difficult and dangerous time: flails, cannon balls, shackles.

Peaceful life peasants was filled with hard work. Proverbs speak about it.

"Bread and water are our food."

“It’s not a problem that there is quinoa in the rye, but it’s a trouble, no matter how rye or quinoa.”

Sayings:

Half lunch without salt, without bread.

No one dines without bread.

If bread is the edge, then paradise is under the spruce.

Not a piece of bread, and in the upper room there is melancholy.

Pay attention to the tools used by the peasants from the Trans-Urals. What do you think these riddles are about?

The whole world feeds, itself hungry (plow).

There are many legs, but from the field he goes home on his back (harrow).

Small, stooped, he will run around all the fields, he will come running home by winter (sickle).

Planted on a tree, in the summer - in the meadow, in the winter - on a hook (scythe).

And here's another riddle:

Show a sieve for sowing seeds, a mortar, a millstone, a shovel on which the rolls were sent to the oven.

Pay attention to household items, clothes of the villagers. In our museum, there are things that keep the warmth of the hands of craftswomen: towels, lace, embroidery. They conveyed to us the idea of ​​beauty and happiness. Winter evenings women spun, knitted, weaved. The girls themselves prepared the dowry: towels, tablecloths, sashes, etc. In wealthy families, the bride gave the groom harus reins and a carpet girth. At work they sang, listened to fairy tales, legends, there were spiritual verses and biblical legends.

Among them was the legend of the "worldwide flood".

When Noah was loading the ark, he put a dog to guard the entrance. And she was, like people, without wool. The devil let the wind, rain, hail.

When the dog shrank from the cold, the devil crawled to her, tempting him with a warm fur coat, but the dog held on, honestly serving.

He immediately began to gnaw the ship and gnawed all the same. Water flowed into the hole, the ark sank. The trouble was imminent.

Then the cat rushed at the mouse and ate it, and then plugged the hole with its body. God saw this and distributed to all the sisters by earrings, commanding: “Let the fur coat grow to the dog, and the snake will have a mark on the forehead - a“ white star ”so that it stands out from the snakes.

The dog was ordered to live in the yard (a big offense!), The cat for its responsibility - in the house, next to the person. Already, it is also allowed to be near people who are obliged to pour milk for him (2, p. 172).

The Christian world is reflected in the exhibits of the museum. it church bell, chalice, pectoral crosses.

Student assignments:

Ask your relatives, elderly people, what fairy tales, songs, ditties, legends they knew;

Take notes.

Literature

1.Antropov, V.I. Zemlya Katayskaya / V.I. Antropov. - Kurgan, Parus-M.,! 998. - 304 p.

2.History of the Kurgan land from ancient times to the beginning of the 60sXIXcentury. Tutorial for studentsV – Viiclasses of schools in the Kurgan region. - Kurgan, 1997 .-- 206 p.

3. Venerable Dalmat Isetsky, founder of the Holy Dormition Dalmatovsky Monastery (1594 - 1697). Booklet.

Showing publications 561-570 of 923.
All sections | Excursion to the museum. Excursions for preschoolers, photo reports from museums

Excursion to the Museum mineralogy In our city of Irkutsk there are many museums... My children and I have made excursion to one of them... V Museum Mineralogy NI ISTU im. A. V. Sidorova. Exposition museum devoted to wonderful world stone. More than 30 thousand exhibits introduce the wealth of useful ...

Excursion to the Museum aviation and astronautics. On April 12, 1961, for the first time Yu.A. Gagarin paved the way to the stars, becoming the first Man to conquer outer space. Space theme always attracts preschoolers with their globality, fantastic, unknown, that, ...

Excursion to the museum. Excursions for preschoolers, photo reports from museums - Excursion to the Museum of Animation

Publication "Excursion to the Museum ..."
It is not the first season that the museum has been opening its doors and accepting everyone. So the guys from the "True Friends" group decided to visit and see how the cartoon is being created. Adults, children during the program not only learned about how cartoons are created, but also themselves, with their own hands ...

Museum staff invited pupils to Shrovetide week preparatory group visit the Chekhovs Shop Museum. The museum staff introduced the children to the folk traditions of the celebration, told how the days of the Maslenitsa week were called: The first day of Maslenitsa-Meeting, the Second ...

On March 15, 2016, a planned excursion of MADOU "Kindergarten No. 76" with children took place speech therapy group No. 6 and preparatory group No. 10 to the ID Voronin Mordovian Museum of Local Lore The Mordovian Republican Museum of Local Lore is the largest cultural and educational ...

We conducted an excursion to the "Historical and Archaeological Museum" in the town of Tatarstan. Chernomorsk with children senior group... Our Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve Kalos Limen is a unique, one-of-a-kind institution in the North-West Crimea ....

Excursion to the museum. Excursions for preschoolers, photo reports from museums - Excursion for older preschoolers to the Museum of Military Glory - photo report

This date is moving further and further away from us - May 9, 1945. Our generation is not imbued with those hopes and fears in the meantime. How can we tell our children about this Great War? What words can be found to fully describe the suffering of the people who went through that time? How to get the message across ...

GCD summary for children 6-7 years old. Excursion to the museum of the kindergarten "How we used to live" Tasks: Concretize children's ideas about the Komi hut. To develop the ability to see the relationship of the originality of building a house with natural climatic conditions. To develop the ability to determine the purpose of this or that ancient object. Continue to introduce Russians and Komi ...

The topic of the lesson is an excursion to the local history museum

"The history of my land"

“When we want to touch history,

Or a hunt to plunge into a wonderful world

We go to the museum, we walk in the halls,

And for ourselves we have a lot of interesting things

We find ".

Target:

acquainting children with the history of their native land;

the desire to preserve and enhance its history.

Tasks:

to give knowledge that the local history museum is the custodian of genuine monuments, material and spiritual culture of our city;

consolidate the concepts of "museum", " historical sources»;

expand and deepen the students' knowledge of history hometown;

develop logical thinking, curiosity, the ability to conduct comparative analysis;

systematize generalize children's knowledge about wild animals;

develop curiosity, attentiveness, observation;

Organizational moment.

Educator: Guys, today we will go on an excursion to our local history museum, where we will get acquainted with the history of our region and city.

The museum contains exhibits - real objects that existed in ancient times.

How many of you have been to the museum?

What does the word "museum" mean?

Museum (from the Greek μουσεῖον - house of the Muses) - an institution engaged in the collection, study, storage and display of objects - monuments natural history, material and spiritual culture, as well as educational activities.

Departure of children to the local history museum.

Meeting with a guide

Course of the lesson - excursions.

1. Exhibition "Sing the Aldan Land" dedicated to the Year of Literature. "Aldan - Pages of History".

Several years ago, in the territory of the Aldan region, the boundless wilderness taiga was rustling. There was not a single one in the vast space. settlement... And all of a sudden, life came here with a key. People began to flock here from everywhere. Many people. Wooden buildings appeared along the streams, and roads began to be laid. It was a difficult time. There were no cars and airplanes. The birth of mountain Aldan, the firstborn of the gold industry in Yakutia, was not easy.

At the call of the regional committee of the Komsomol, the Yakut rural youth went into production. She was a leading force not only in mining

They persistently mastered the mining professions, became masters of their craft. It was here that they received their labor hardening. The workers of Aldan have always been in the forefront of the competitors and justified the high assessment of their work.

Aldan turned from prospecting to highly mechanized: manual labor was replaced by dredges, excavators and bulldozers, modern processing factories.

The Aldanzoloto Combine is constantly reconstructing gold-extracting factories and dredges, introducing powerful earth-moving equipment in mining operations. The second birth of Aldan as a gold mining region of the country was the discovery of the Kuranakh gold deposit and the commissioning of a gold recovery plant in Kuranakh.

The Aldan region remains the leading gold mining region of the republic.

And for the first time, the gold of Aldan was discovered by the communist worker Voldemar Bertin and the hunter, non-party Yakut Mikhail Tarabukin.

The gold mining industry of Yakutia, which began with the discovery and development of the underground resources of Aldan, has a glorious history. Their names and deeds deserve recognition. About the pioneers and discoverers of the gold-bearing sands of the Aldan land, about the difficult beginning of its development in conditions of economic devastation after civil war, about the first steps in the formation of the gold industry, about the general labor upsurge of enthusiasts who began to build new life, we learn from books, from old records, which were written by the workers themselves, gold miners.

“The miners drove home after a work shift, feeling pleasantly tired in their bodies. And everyone thought that tomorrow it would not be easier - there will be the same stressful task, and they will again complete it. And they will be satisfied with themselves, as any person who has overcome difficulties is satisfied. "

2. The world of ancient secrets and mysteries.

In addition, unique finds related to the life of ancient people - objects of hunting, everyday life, art - are exhibited here and stored in museum funds. All this is of interest both for scientists from all over the world and for visitors who have the opportunity to get in touch with an era that is about 20 thousand years away from our time.

Yakutia is a world of ancient secrets and mysteries that beckons and invites travelers from different parts of the Earth. Only the most courageous and courageous dare to challenge the wayward north, which hides sincere cordiality and hospitality, incredible generosity and great amount ancient treasures.

The main treasure of the region is its delightful nature. Among the snowy natural charm, like a precious pearl, Yakutia stands out, whose history is filled with many ancient secrets and legends telling about the life of the north and its glorious traditions.

3. A unique find.

“In a unique area at a depth of about 100 m, we managed to find rich material for research - these are soft and adipose tissue, wool of a mammoth ". People have found mammoth bones since ancient times. But then on earth there was no representative of the animal world that would have bones of such impressive sizes, and this gave rise to many legends. According to one of them, people believed that somewhere deep underground lives a gigantic beast that is not shown to people, and it can only be discovered after its death. And from the words "ma" - earth, "mut" - the mole began to call this beast - mamut. According to another legend, he was called Inder. In those days, there was a tundra here, herds of mammoths grazed, people settled. The mammoth was the most numerous representative of the fauna that existed at that time. The mammoth was a good prey for hunters - it gave a lot of meat, bones were used for building and heating houses. From the tusks of a mammoth, straightening them, ancient people made spears.

In addition to hunting and household tools, amulets were also made. Ancient people revered this majestic animal, which provided food, warmth, material for building and heating housing.

4. Culture and everyday life of the peoples of our region.

The Evens have lived in the North-East of Russia since ancient times. The Evens are a nomadic people. The life of a taiga man is closely related to the forest. From wood they built storage sheds for storing food and things, made up the skeleton of a dwelling from poles, and built fences for deer. Riding and cargo sledges (tolgokil), tables with short legs (table), oars (ulivur), and drawers for dishes (savodal) were made from soft birch and pine wood. Wooden objects were decorated with patterns that were applied with a knife, chisel, drill. They cut out wooden masks for shamans, graceful figurines of animals and birds, wooden dishes, children's toys - whistles, dolls.

The chum served them as housing. Three main poles "turgu". "Turgu" at the top were connected by a fork and installed in such a way that two of them, forming one of the sides of the triangle, were placed with an orientation towards the path along which they came to the camp.

Men were engaged in blacksmithing, processing bone and wood, weaving belts, leather lasso, harness, etc., women - dressing skins and rovduga, making clothes, sleeping accessories, pack bags, covers, etc. Even blacksmiths made knives, gun parts, etc.

The main material of the traditional clothing of the Evens was deer fur, as well as the fur of a mountain ram and rovduga (suede made from deer skins). The sides and hem were trimmed with a fur strip, and the seams were covered with a strip decorated with beads.

It is characteristic that at the birth of a child, a part of the herd was allocated to him, which, together with the offspring, was considered his property. Children were taught horse riding from early childhood.

Hunting was a traditional activity of the Evenks. It provided the bulk of the needs of Evenk families for food and raw materials for the manufacturing industries of home production. A bow (nuua), a spear (guide), a palm spear (ogpka), a knife (hirkan), a crossbow (berken), a mouth trap (nan) and a gun served as a hunting weapon. They hunted on deer, on skis-golits (kai-sar) and glued with fur (merengte), chase, skrad, with a deer-beckon, and a hunting dog.

They hunted sable, squirrel, red and black-brown fox, ermine, wolverine, otter, wild deer, elk, mountain ram, hare, goose, ducks, hazel grouses, partridge, wood grouse, etc.

5. Cult worship of the Evenks.

Bear cult.

A special place was occupied by bear hunting, regulated by strict rules and rituals. The bear was called allegorically, often with words borrowed from the languages ​​of neighboring peoples (Yakuts, Russians, Yukagirs). On the occasion of the extraction of the bear, a bear holiday was held. Bear holiday (mans. Yany pike - "big dances", nivkh, chhyf lerand - "bear game") is a complex of rituals associated with the cult of the bear. The ceremonies are accompanied by a game of musical instruments, ritual and entertaining dances, singing. There are myths about how the bear holiday rituals originated. The Evenk myth tells about a girl who went into the forest, fell into a bear's den and spent the winter there. In the spring, she returned to her parents and gave birth to a bear cub, whom they raised. Later, the girl married a man and gave birth to a boy. Both brothers grew up and decided to measure their strength. The younger brother - the man killed the older one - the bear.

Bear meat is eaten at night throughout the holiday (up to three days), and in between meals they arrange dances, games, and singing. Among the Evenks, the bear was killed by the eldest of the hunters. The holiday took place in the house of a hunter who killed a bear. Hunting for a bear was furnished with special rules and rituals, which was associated with the veneration of this animal.

The shaman's assistants are sacred birds ..

The following birds enjoyed cult worship among the Orochon Evenks: raven (oli), eagle (kiran), swan (gakh), loon (ukan), teal duck (chirconi), black woodpecker (kirokta), cuckoo (ku-ku), sandpiper (Chukchumo), snipe (oliptykin), titmouse (chipiche-chiche). All these birds were considered assistants to the shaman in the rituals of treatment, the extraction of deer souls, and health for the family. All of these birds are inviolable, it was strictly forbidden to kill them and eat their meat.

Evenks consider a raven as a person turned into a bird. It was believed that crows could marry Evenk girls, but they just did not understand the language. Evenk hunters believed that crows help protect reindeer herds from predators by looking for animals during the hunt, betraying them with their cries. Among shamans, the raven acts as the keeper of the shaman's soul during rituals.

“If someone kills a crow, then the soul of the latter flies to his“ father Khara Syagylakh'u ”with a complaint about the offender. Then this god terribly punishes the offender-hunter, sending a disease to him. "

The eagle was the leading character in shamanic mythology. This is the only bird that is able to ward off hostile spirits from the shaman's soul. In all rituals, he was the leader and protector of a flock of birds carrying the soul of a shaman.

Loon is a shamanic attribute. In shamanic mythology, this is one of the helper spirits, through which the shaman flies with the "Path of Birds" to the source of Dolbor, a river that originates in the Upper World. The bird spirits perform the duties of messengers to the spirits of the Upper world. Many Evenki believe that the loon created the earth. It happened like this: “In the beginning there was water. Then there were two brothers - hargi and seveki. Seveki was kind and lived above, and evil hargi - below. Seveki's assistants were gogol and loon. Loon dived and pulled out the ground. Gradually, the land expanded and took on a modern look. "

6. The final part.

Man is the greatest creation of nature. He emerged from the animal kingdom in the course of many years of evolution. Nature taught him to work, think, produce, see beauty, observe and comprehend the world. Man would not have become a man without nature. Nature is everything that surrounds us: living and inanimate.

As we like to say that man is the master of nature, we call ourselves “Homo sapiens”. And how often we forget that, first of all, man is a child of nature. Everything that surrounds us: forests, rivers, lakes is not only a habitat for birds, fish, animals, but also a human habitat. And birds, fish, animals, plants are our brothers, the children of our single mother - nature.

Summarizing.

What did you like more about the museum?

Legends about what animals did you learn on the excursion?

What would you like to know more about?

Summer Camp 2014.

A trip to the Museum of Local Lore

On June 17, the "Pathfinders" detachment made an excursion to the Meshkov House, which houses the historical exposition of the Perm Museum of Local Lore. The guys learned about the past of our region, from the ancient Stone Age to recent developments century of the twentieth.

Household items were presented during the excursion different eras, costumes, jewelry, weapons. The objects of the Perm animal style, reflecting the connection between nature and man in ancient times, turned out to be especially interesting. The guys tried to figure out the meaning of ancient objects, in which images of animals and human faces were intricately intertwined and mixed.

At all times, people have worn jewelry. It was very interesting to see jewelry made from ancient coins brought from a Mari village. Coins were also used for their intended purpose. The children learned a lot about the history of money, about the origin of their names.

Our region developed as a mining region. The guys were able to see not only ore samples, but also machines, equipment, weapons produced at Perm enterprises. The boys were impressed by the shells for artillery, the aircraft engine, machine guns and other samples. military equipment of the past.

The guys were pleased with the excursion, having learned a lot about the history and culture of our region. Studying both the distant and the near past turned out to be a very exciting experience.