Gorky's works: a complete list. Maxim Gorky: early romantic works
Maxim Gorky's literary activity lasted more than forty years - from the romantic "Old Woman Izergil" to the epic "Life of Klim Samgin"
Text: Arseny Zamostyanov, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the "Historian" magazine
Collage: Year of Literature.RF
In the twentieth century, he was both the ruler of thoughts, and a living symbol of literature, and one of the founders of not only the new literature, but also the state. Do not count dissertations and monographs devoted to the "life and work" of the "classic of proletarian literature." Alas, his posthumous fate was too tightly linked with the fate of the political system, which Gorky, after many years of hesitation, still blessed. After the collapse of the USSR, they began to diligently forget about Gorky. Although we did not have and never will have a better chronicler of the "era of initial capital". Gorky found himself "in an artificial position outside the game." But it seems that he got out of it, and someday he will come out for real.
It is not easy and therefore useful to choose the top ten from a huge and multi-genre heritage. But we will talk almost entirely about textbook works. At least in the recent past, they have been diligently studied at school. I think they will not forget it in the future. We don't have a second Gorky ...
1. OLD WOMAN IZERGIL
This is a classic of "early Gorky", the result of his first literary searches. A harsh parable of 1891, a terrible tale, the favorite (in Gorky's system) conflict of Prometheus with both Zeus and birds of prey. This is new literature for that time. Not Tolstoy's, not Chekhov's, not Leskov's stories. The layout turns out to be somewhat pretentious: Larra is the son of an eagle, Danko raises his own heart high above his head ... The storyteller herself is an old woman, by contrast, earthly and stern. In this story, Gorky explores not only the essence of heroism, but also the nature of egoism. Many were hypnotized by the melody of prose.
It's actually a ready-made rock opera. And the metaphors are appropriate.
2. THE SPOUSES OF ORLOVA
Such a cruel naturalism - and even with a knowledge of the environment - Russian literature did not know. At this point, you will involuntarily believe that the author walked barefoot all over Russia. Gorky spoke in detail about the life that he would like to change. Everyday fights, tavern, basement passions, diseases. The beacon in this life is the nurse student. This world wants to throw: “Oh, you bastards! Why do you live? How do you live? You are hypocritical crooks and nothing else! " The spouses have the will to make a difference. They work in the cholera barracks, work frantically.
However, Gorky does not like happy ends. But faith in a person shows through in the mud.
If you think about it, this is not at all commonplace. This is the pawn's grip. Such are the Gorky tramps. In the 1980s, the creators of perestroika "chernukha" worked in the style of these paintings.
3. SONG ABOUT THE FALCON, SONG ABOUT BUREVESTNIK
All his life Alexey Maksimovich wrote poetry, although he did not consider himself a poet. Stalin's half-joking words are known: “This thing is stronger than Goethe's Faust. Love conquers death. " The leader spoke about Gorky's poetic tale "The Girl and Death", which has been forgotten in our time. Gorky composed poetry in a somewhat old-fashioned manner. He did not delve into the searches of the poets of that time, but he read many. But two of his "songs", written in blank verse, cannot be deleted from Russian literature. Although ... Poems published as prose in 1895 were perceived as something outlandish:
“We sing glory to the madness of the brave!
The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life! Brave Falcon! In battle with enemies you bled ... But there will be time - and drops of your blood, hot, like sparks, will flash in the darkness of life and many brave hearts will kindle with an insane thirst for freedom and light!
Let you die! .. But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit, you will always be a living example, a call to the proud to freedom, to light!
We sing a song to the madness of the brave! .. "
It's about the Falcon. And Petrel (1901) became a real anthem of the Russian revolution. In particular - the revolutions of 1905. The revolutionary song was illegally reissued in thousands of copies. One can not accept Gorky's stormy pathos, but it is impossible to erase this melody from memory: "Between the clouds and the sea, a petrel soars proudly."
Gorky himself was considered a petrel.
A petrel of the revolution, which really happened, although at first it did not please Alexei Maksimovich.
4. MOTHER
This novel, inspired by the events of 1905, was considered the foundation of socialist realism. At school he was studied with particular stress. Republished countless, filmed several times and, between us, imposed. This aroused not only respect, but also rejection.
On the barricade wave of 1905, Gorky joined the Bolshevik Party. An even more convinced Bolshevik was his companion - the actress Maria Andreeva, the most charming revolutionary of the twentieth century.
The novel is tendentious. But how convincing he is emotionally
Including in their hope for the proletariat. But the main thing is that this novel is not only a historical document. The strength of a preacher and the strength of a writer multiplied, and the book turned out to be powerful.
5. CHILDHOOD, IN PEOPLE, MY UNIVERSITIES
Korney Chukovsky said after reading this book: "In his old age, Gorky was drawn to paints." Between the 1905 revolution and the war, the main writer showed how a rebel, Prometheus, is born and matures in a child. During this time, Tolstoy left, and Gorky became the "main" Russian writer - in terms of influence on the minds of readers, in terms of reputation among colleagues - even such picky ones as Bunin. And the story with Nizhny Novgorod motives was perceived as the program of the sovereign of thoughts. It is impossible to dismiss comparisons with Childhood: the two stories are separated by half a century, but the main thing is that the authors are from different constellations. Gorky revered Tolstoy, but crossed out Tolstoyism. He did not know how to recreate real worlds in prose, Gorky composed a song, an epic, a ballad about the hero's young years, about his paths, paths.
Gorky admires people harsh, brave, thick-skinned, he admires strength, struggle.
He shows them in enlargement, neglecting semitones, but refrains from hasty judgments. He despises lack of will and humility, but he even admires the cruelty of the world. You can't say better than Gorky: “A thick, motley, inexpressibly strange life began and flowed with terrible speed. I remember it as a harsh fairy tale, well told by a kind but painfully truthful genius. " One of the most striking episodes in the story "Childhood" is about how Alyosha learned to read and write: "Buki-people-az-la-bla." This became the main thing in his life.
6. AT THE BOTTOM
Here certification is superfluous, this is just Gorky's Bible, the apotheosis of the Russian outcast. Gorky brought the inhabitants of the flophouse, tramps, and thieves onto the stage. It turns out that in their world there are high tragedies and struggles, no less weighty than those of Shakespeare's kings ... "Man - it sounds proudly!" - proclaims Satin, Gorky's favorite hero, a strong personality who was not broken by either prison or drunkenness. He has a strong rival - a wandering preacher of forgiveness. Gorky hated this sweet hypnosis, but refrained from unambiguously exposing Luke. Luke has his own truth.
The heroes of the Gorky hostel were applauded not only by Moscow and St. Petersburg, but also by Berlin, Paris, Tokyo ...
And they will always play "At the Bottom". And in the muttering of Satin - the seeker and the robber - they will find new implications: “There is only a man, all the rest is the work of his hands and his brain! Human! It's great!"
7. BARBARIANS
In the role of playwright, Gorky is the most interesting. And "Barbarians" in our list are represented at once for several of Gorky's plays about people of the early twentieth century. "Scenes in the county town" are sad: the heroes turn out to be fake, the provincial reality has gone and gloomy. But in the longing for the hero there is a premonition of something great.
Whipping up grief, Gorky does not fall into straightforward pessimism.
It is not surprising that the play has a happy theatrical fate: at least two roles - Cherkun and Monakhova - are spelled out with brilliance. There is something for interpreters to look for.
8. VASSA ZHELEZNOVA
But this tragedy in our time simply needs to be re-read and revised. I think there is no more perspicacious book (not to mention plays) about Russian capitalism. A merciless play. Even in our time, prudes are afraid of her. It is easiest to repeat the conventional wisdom that there is a crime behind every major fortune.
And Gorky managed to show the psychology of this crime in the rich neighborhoods.
He knew how to paint vices like no one else. Yes, he exposes Vassa. And yet she came out alive. Actresses are incredibly interesting to play her. Some even manage to justify this murderer. Vera Pashennaya, Faina Ranevskaya, Nina Sazonova, Inna Churikova, Tatyana Doronina - Vassu was played by actresses who were worshiped by the theatrical world. And the audience watched how Russian capitalism is mad with fat, kinks and dies.
9. TOWN OF OKUROV
Gorky wrote this story in 1909. A gray district town, eternal orphanhood of fussy, unhappy people. The chronicle turned out to be full-blooded. Gorky is observant and ironic: “The main street, Porechnaya, or Berezhok, is paved with large cobblestones; in the spring, when young grass breaks through the stones, the head of the city of Sukhobaev calls the prisoners, and they, large and gray, heavy, silently crawl along the street, pulling up the grass by the roots. On Porechnaya, the best houses stretched out harmoniously — blue, red, green, almost all with front gardens — the white house of the chairman of the regional council Vogel, with a turret on the roof; red brick with yellow shutters - heads; pinkish - the father of Archpriest Isaiah of Kudryavsky and a long row of boastful cozy houses - the authorities were quartered in them: the military commander Pokivaiko, a passionate lover of singing, was nicknamed Mazepa for his large mustache and thickness; tax inspector Zhukov, a gloomy man who suffered from heavy drinking; zemstvo chief Strehel, theater and playwright; police chief Karl Ignatievich Worms and cheerful doctor Ryakhin, the best artist of the local circle of comedy and drama lovers.
An important topic for Gorky is the eternal dispute about philistinism. Or "confusion"?
After all, a lot is mixed in the Russian person, and, perhaps, this is his mystery.
10. LIFE OF CLIMA SAMGIN
The novel is the largest in the Gorky legacy, "for eight hundred persons", as the parodists sore, and remained unfinished. But what is left surpasses everything written by Gorky in polish. It turns out that he knew how to write with restraint, almost academic, but at the same time in Gorky.
According to Gorky's definition, this is a book about "an intellectual of average value who passes through a whole series of moods, looking for the most independent place in life for himself, where he would be comfortable both financially and internally."
And all this - against the background of the turning point of the revolutionary years, up to 1918. Gorky first showed himself to be a realist, an objective analyst, and found a harmonious narrative tone for his latest book. He wrote Samghin for decades. At the same time, the author does not like the title character. Samghin is a real one, also reminiscent of Shchedrin's Judas Golovlev. But he crawls "all over the great Russia" - and the space of history opens up to us. It seems that Gorky, who lived in eternal haste, did not want to part with this book. It turned out to be an encyclopedia, and not idealistic at all. Gorky writes without hypocrisy about love and flirting, about politics and religion, about nationalism and financial scams ... This is both a chronicle and a confession. Like Cervantes, he even mentions himself in the novel: the heroes discuss the writer Gorky. As we are a hundred years later.
Views: 0
Alexey Peshkov, better known as the writer Maxim Gorky, is a significant figure for Russian and Soviet literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize five times, was the most published Soviet author throughout the entire existence of the USSR and was considered on a par with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and Leo Tolstoy the main creator of Russian literary art.
|
Maksim Gorky. Photo from the site www.detlib-tag.ru |
Alexey Peshkov - the future Maxim Gorky was born in the town of Kanavino, which at that time was located in the Nizhny Novgorod province, and now is one of the districts of Nizhny Novgorod. His father Maxim Peshkov was a carpenter, and in the last years of his life he ran a steamship office. Mother Varvara Vasilievna died of consumption, so Alyosha Peshkova's parents were replaced by her grandmother Akulina Ivanovna. From the age of 11, the boy was forced to start working: Maxim Gorky was a messenger at a store, a barman on a steamer, an assistant to a baker and an icon painter. The biography of Maxim Gorky is reflected by him personally in the stories "Childhood", "In people" and "My universities".
After an unsuccessful attempt to become a student at Kazan University and being arrested due to his connection with a Marxist circle future writer became a watchman on the railway. And at the age of 23, a young man goes to wander around the country and managed to get to the Caucasus on foot. It was during this journey that Maxim Gorky briefly wrote down his thoughts, which would later become the basis for his future works. By the way, the first stories of Maxim Gorky also began to be published around that time.
Having already become a famous writer, Alexey Peshkov leaves for the United States, then moves to Italy. This happened not at all because of problems with the authorities, as some sources sometimes present, but because of changes in family life... Although abroad, Gorky continues to write revolutionary books. He returned to Russia in 1913, settled in St. Petersburg and began working for various publishing houses.
The first of the published stories by Maxim Gorky was the famous "Makar Chudra", which came out in 1892. The two-volume edition "Essays and Stories" brought fame to the writer. It is interesting that the circulation of these volumes was almost three times higher than usually accepted in those years. Of the most popular works of that period, it is worth noting the stories "Old Woman Izergil", "Former People", "Chelkash", "Twenty Six and One", as well as the poem "Song of the Falcon". Another poem "The Song of the Petrel" has become a textbook. Maxim Gorky devoted a lot of time to children's literature. He wrote a number of fairy tales, for example, "Sparrow", "Samovar", "Tales of Italy", published the first special children's magazine in the Soviet Union and organized parties for children from poor families.
The plays by Maxim Gorky “At the bottom”, “Bourgeois” and “Yegor Bulychov and others”, in which he reveals the talent of a playwright and shows how he sees the life around him, are very important for comprehending the work of the writer. The stories "Childhood" and "In People" are of great cultural importance for Russian literature. social romances"Mother" and "The Artamonovs Case". The last work Gorky is considered an epic novel "The Life of Klim Samgin", which has the second name "Forty Years". The writer worked on this manuscript for 11 years, but did not manage to finish it.
After his final return to his homeland in 1932, Maxim Gorky works in publishing houses of newspapers and magazines, creates a series of books "History of Factories and Plants", "Library of the Poet", "History civil war", Organizes and conducts the First All-Union Congress Soviet writers... After unexpected death son of pneumonia, the writer wilted. At the next visit to the grave of Maxim, he caught a bad cold. For three weeks Gorky had a fever that led to his death on June 18, 1936. The body of the Soviet writer was cremated, and the ashes were placed in the Kremlin wall on Red Square. But first, the brain of Maxim Gorky was removed and transferred to the Research Institute for further study.
More full biography See Maxim Gorky here:
From the very beginning of his career, Maxim Gorky wrote works on a children's theme. The writer A.M. Gorky is considered one of the founders of modern children's literature, he devoted a lot of effort to its creation, made sure that books were written by people who love children, understand their inner world.
Our virtual exhibition presents books for different age categories of readers.
Books by Maxim Gorky for preschool and primary school children.
Gorky, M. The case with Yevseyka [Text] / M. Gorky; comp. V. Prikhodko; rice. Yu. Molokonova. - Moscow: Malysh, 1979. –80 s. : ill.
The tale "The Case of Yevseyka" was first published in 1912 in the newspaper "Day". In 1919, it appeared with some changes in the journal "Northern Lights". It contains extensive cognitive material, presented poetically, in an entertaining and accessible form for children. Gorky sees nature through the eyes of the boy Yevseyka. This gives the writer the opportunity to introduce comparisons that children can understand into a fairy tale: anemones are like cherries scattered on stones; Yevseyka saw a holothuria "looking like a poorly drawn pig", a spiny lobster twirling "eyes on strings", sepia looks like a "wet handkerchief." When Yevseyka wanted to whistle, it turned out that this could not be done: “water goes into your mouth like a cork”.
Gorky, A. M. Sparrow : [Text] / Alexey Maksimovich Gorky; [artist. A. Salimzyanov]. –Moscow: Meshcheryakov Publishing House, 2010. - 30, p. : col. silt - (Children's classics).
One of the brightest children's works by Gorky can rightfully be called the fairy tale "Sparrow". Sparrow Pudik did not know how to fly yet, but he was already looking out of the nest with curiosity: "I wanted to find out as soon as possible what God's world is and whether it is suitable for it." Due to excessive curiosity, Pudik gets into trouble - he falls out of the nest; and the cat "red, green eyes" is right there ...
The fairy tale "Sparrow" is written in the style of oral folk art. The narration sounds unhurried, allegorical. As in a folk tale, the heroic and comic are present here, and the sparrows are endowed with feelings, thoughts, human experiences.
Gorky, M. Once upon a time there was a samovar [Text]: stories and fairy tales / M. Gorky; comp. Vladimir Prikhodko. - Moscow: Children's literature, 1986. -54, p. : ill. - (School library).
The fairy tale “Samovar” is sustained in satirical tones, the heroes of which were “humanized” objects: sugar bowl, creamer, teapot, cups. The leading role belongs to the “little samovar” who “loved to show off” and wanted “the moon to be removed from the sky and made of it a tray for him”. Alternating between prosaic and poetic text, forcing objects so familiar to children to sing songs, to have lively conversations, Maxim Gorky achieved the main thing - to write interestingly, but not to allow excessive moralization. Based on his creative principles, the writer initiated the creation of a special type in children's literature literary tale, characterized by the presence in it of significant scientific and educational potential.
Gorky, M. About Ivanushka the Fool [Text]: Russian folk tale/ Maxim Gorky; fig. Nikolai Kochergin. - St. Petersburg; Moscow: Speech, 2015. - with. : col. silt - (Series "My favorite book").
Full of perky and kind humor, the Russian folk tale "About Ivanushka the Fool", heard by Maxim Gorky as a child and later embodied in the author's retelling, will not only amuse the kids, but also help to educate the children to love reading and artistic taste. After all, the illustrations for it were created by Nikolai Kochergin, an outstanding artist of children's books and a real wizard of the brush.
Books by Maxim Gorky for children of primary and secondary school age.
Gorky, M. Danko's Burning Heart [Text] / M. Gorky; rice. V. Samoilov. - Saratov: Privolzhskoe book publishing house, 1973. - 16 p. : ill.
Legends have been created by people since ancient times. In a vivid, figurative form, they talked about heroes and events, conveying to the reader folk wisdom, folk aspirations and dreams. Gorky uses the genre of literary legend, because it was the best fit for his idea: briefly, excitedly, brightly singing all the best that can be in a person. The legend about Danko tells about a brave and handsome young man. He is happy that he lives among people, because he loves them more than himself. Danko is courageous and fearless, he sets himself a noble goal - to be useful people... From deep compassion for his fellow tribesmen who live without the sun in the swamps, who have lost their will and courage, the fire of love for them lit up in Danko's heart. This spark turned into a torch.
Gorky, M. Stories and fairy tales for children [Text] / Maxim Gorky; artist S. Babuk. - Moscow: Dragonfly, 2010. –157, p. : ill. - (School library).
In the works of Maxim Gorky for children, a special place was taken by fairy tales, in which ideological and aesthetic principles, the same as in stories about childhood and adolescence, were clearly expressed.
In fairy tales, Maxim Gorky continued to work on a new type of children's fairy tale, in the content of which the cognitive element played a special role.
The hymn to nature, the sun in the fairy tale "Morning" is combined with a hymn to labor and " great work people made by them all around us. " And right there, the author considered it necessary to remind the children that working people "decorate and enrich the land all their lives, but from birth to death they remain poor." Following this, the author poses the question: “Why? You will find out about this later, when you become big, if, of course, you want to know ... "
By creating artistic images children in his works ("Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka", "Misha", "Shake", "Childhood of Ilya", etc.), the writer strove to portray children's destinies in a specific social setting.
In the story "Shake", an autobiographical beginning was noticeably affected, because the author himself worked as a teenager in an icon-painting workshop, which was reflected in his trilogy. At the same time, in Vstryask, Maksim Gorky continued to expand on the important topic of the overwork of children and adolescents.
Gorky, M. Tales of Italy [Text] / M. Gorky; engravings by K. Bezborodov. - Moscow: Children's literature, 1980. –128 p. : ill.
"Tales of Italy", written for adults, almost immediately in the period of the revolutionary upsurge of the early XX century. began to be published for children. "Tales of Italy" glorified the joy of labor, the equality of people, and affirmed the idea of the unity of workers. Most of the characters in Fairy Tales sacredly honor the bright experience of the past: “remembering is the same as understanding”.
One of best fairy tales cycle - the tale of Pepe. The boy loved nature: "He is occupied with everything - flowers flowing in thick streams on the good land, lizards among lilac stones, birds in chased olive foliage." The image of Pepe is given in the perspective of the future - from people like him, poets and leaders grow up. And at the same time, they are embodied in him specific traits ordinary people Italy with their kindness, openness, love for the land.
Books by Maxim Gorky for children of middle and senior school age.
Gorky, M. Childhood [Text] / M. Gorky; artist B. A. Dekhterev. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1982. –208 s. : ill.
The story "Childhood", the first part autobiographical trilogy Gorky, was written in 1913. The mature writer turned to the theme of his past. In Childhood, he tries to comprehend this period of life, the origins of human character, the reasons for the happiness and unhappiness of an adult.
In the center of the story is the boy Alyosha, "abandoned" by the will of fate in his mother's family. After the death of his father, Alyosha is raised by his grandfather and grandmother. Therefore, we can say that these people are the main ones in his fate, those who raised the boy, laid all the foundations in him. But, besides them, there were many people in Alyosha's life - numerous uncles and aunts who all lived under one roof, cousins, guests ... All of them raised the hero, influenced him, sometimes without wanting to.
Gorky, M. My Universities [Text] / M. Gorky; silt B. A. Dekhtereva. - Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1984. –128 s. : ill.
The story "My Universities", written in 1923, is the last part of Gorky's autobiographical trilogy.
The plot of the story focuses on the young Alyosha Peshkov, who goes to Kazan to enter the university, but soon, due to lack of funds, he realizes that studying there is not for him.
A young man gets a job at several jobs, not disdaining hard physical labor. Alyosha lights up with a revolutionary spark, studies literature. So his life itself is a university - this is the main idea of the work. Thirst for knowledge, continuous improvement, a mountain of necessary literature for one's own enlightenment, meeting with interesting people, as well as like-minded people - all this allows you to form your own vision of the world better than an educational institution.
Gorky, M. Stories. At the bottom [Text] / M. Gorky. –Moscow: Bustard, 2001. - 160 p. - (School program).
The book includes early romantic stories"Makar Chudra", "Old Woman Izergil", "Chelkash", "Konovalov", "Malva", as well as "The Legend of Marko", "Song of the Falcon", "Song of the Petrel".
In his works, Gorky performed a hymn to a beautiful and strong man. This is no coincidence. Gorky came to literature as an artist of the revolutionary popular masses rising to fight. And he became a great poet of the liberation of the people. He put forward a new measure of the value of a person: his will to fight, activity, ability to rebuild life. "Makar Chudra" rightfully opens now all the collected works of the writer. The voice of the new revolutionary art already resounds in it, which in the future, having strengthened and expanded, will enrich all Russian and world literature.
The play At the Bottom, created by the writer in 1902, was conceived by Gorky as one of four plays in the cycle showing the life and worldview of people from different strata of society. The deep meaning that the author laid in it is an attempt to answer the main questions of human existence: what is a person and whether he will retain his personality, having sunk "to the bottom" of moral and social life.
The play "At the Bottom" has been living for over a century and continues to be one of the most strong works Russian classics. The play makes one think about the place of faith and love in a person's life, about the nature of truth and lies, about a person's ability to withstand moral and social decline.
Gorky, Maxim. Book about Russian people [Text] / Maxim Gorky. - Moscow: Vagrius, 2000. –577 s. : ill. - (My 20th century).
Perhaps it was Gorky who managed to reflect in his work the history, life and culture of Russia in the first third of the twentieth century with a truly epic scale. This applies not only to his prose and drama, but also to his memoirs - primarily to Notes from the Diary, to the famous literary portraits of Anton Chekhov, Leo Tolstoy, Vladimir Korolenko, Leonid Andreev, Sergei Yesenin, Savva Morozov, and also, to "Untimely Thoughts" - a chronicle of the times of the October Revolution. “The Book of Russian People” (as Gorky originally thought to call his memoirs) is a unique series of characters - from intellectuals to philosophizing tramps, from revolutionaries to ardent monarchists. The essay on V. I. Lenin is published in the first edition - without the later layers of "textbook gloss"
Maxim Gorky's pedagogical views.
Gorky, M. About children's literature [Text]: articles, statements, letters / M. Gorky; entry Art. comment. N. B. Medvedeva. - Moscow: Publishing House "Children's Literature", 1968. –432 p.
The purpose of this collection is to present, as fully as possible, articles, letters, statements by A.M. Gorky about children's literature and children's reading.
The collection consists of five sections. The first contains articles and statements by A. M. Gorky about children's literature and children's reading; in the second, his letters to relatives, writers, teachers, scientists; in the third letters and appeals to children. The fourth section of the collection includes articles by A. M. Gorky about the creativity of children.
V last section published (in alphabetical order of authors) the memoirs of A.S. Serafimovich, N.D. Teleshov, K.I. Chukovsky, S. Ya.Marshak, A.S. Makarenko and other writers who, together with children, contributed to the development of Soviet children's literature. These articles and memoirs of Aleksey Maksimovich's contemporaries help to better represent Gorky's many-sided activities in the field of children's literature.
Books about the life and work of Maxim Gorky.
Bykov, D.L. Was Gorky? [Text] / Dmitry Bykov. - Moscow: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 348, p., L. ill., portr. : ill., portr.
Dmitry Bykov, a well-known prose writer, poet, outstanding publicist, in his book "Was there Gorky?" draws the figure of a classic writer free from literary gloss and subsequent mythology.
Where does Alexei Peshkov end and Maxim Gorky begin? Who was he? A writer of everyday life, a singer of the city bottom? "Petrel of the revolution"? An incorrigible romantic? Or did his position in life and writing sometimes border on cold calculation? Anyway, Bykov is sure: "Gorky is a great, monstrous, touching, strange and absolutely necessary writer today."
“Maxim Gorky enriched the Soviet spoken language dozens of quotes: “We sing a song to the madness of the brave”; “Man - it sounds proudly”; "Let the storm break out stronger"; "Not a single flea is bad: everyone is black, everyone is jumping." "Lead abominations of life" - this is sometimes attributed to Chekhov, but Gorky said something in the story "Childhood".
Vaksberg, A. I. Petrel death [Text]: M. Gorky: The last twenty years / A. I. Vaksberg. - Moscow: TERRA-Sport, 1999 .-- 391 p.
The author of the book, a well-known writer, master of documentary prose and journalism, vice-president of the Russian PEN Club, in his documentary novel examines the last 20 years of the life of M. Gorky, who is not like anyone else's historical figure, expresses his purely subjective vision of the events that this time.
The basis of this study is the diversity of Gorky, which was pointed out by many authors who wrote about him, and above all by those who personally met with him. All of them noted the impossibility of showing Gorky's image with some definite sign - positive or negative. The sign escaped, entered into irreconcilable conflict with realities. Until now, however, books about Gorky, especially biographical ones, have represented almost mythical stereotypes, squeezed into the framework strictly defined by party ideologists. That is why, in this book, the author has made extensive use of his creator's right to present his own point of view, without depriving the reader of his right to accept or reject.
Maxim Gorky in the memoirs of his contemporaries [Text]: in two volumes / comp. and prepare. text by A. A. Krundyshev; artist V. Maksina. - Moscow: Fiction, 1981 .-- 445 p.
This volume includes memories of Gorky in the post-revolutionary period: about his life in Sorrento, about his triumphant trip through the Land of the Soviets, about his return to his homeland and about last days his life.
“He loved both laughter and jokes, but he treated the vocation of a writer, artist, creator irreconcilably, sternly, passionately.
Listening to some novice talented writer, he could burst into tears, get up and leave, from the table, wiping his eyes with a handkerchief, grumbling: "They write well, striped devils."
This was the whole Anatoly Maksimovich ...
A. N. Tolstoy
A.M. Gorky in portraits, illustrations, documents 1968- 1936 [Album]: a guide for secondary school teachers / compiled by: RG Weislehem; I. M. Kasatkina and others; ed. M. B. Kozmina and L. I. Ponomareva. –Moscow: State Educational and Pedagogical Publishing House of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, 1962. - 520 p.
This publication is intended to tell about the life and work of Gorky with the help of visual, documentary and textual material.
The reader will see here reproductions of paintings and illustrations by such artists as I. Repin, V. Serov, S. Gerasimov, Kukryniksy, P. Korin and many others who are the pride of our art. A large place in the album is occupied by rare documentary photographs extracted from the personal archives of the writer or people close to him.
As you know, Gorky's activities are unusually multifaceted. He great writer, the founder of the literature of socialist realism, an outstanding publicist. A fiery revolutionary, the most prominent public figure.
Naturally, all these aspects of the various activities of Alexei Maksimovich are reflected in the album (of course, within the limits possible for this edition).
Books from the collection "Rare Book" GBUK RO "Rostov Regional Children's Library named after V.M. Velichkina:
Gorky, M. How I studied [Text] / Maxim Gorky. -Moscow; Leningrad: State Publishing House, 1929. - 22 p.
First published on May 29, 1918 in the newspaper " New life»Under the title "About books", and at the same time, with the subtitle "Story", in the newspaper "Book and Life".
The story is based on the speech that M. Gorky made on May 28, 1918 in Petrograd at a rally in the Culture and Freedom society. The speech began with the words: “I will tell you, citizens, about what the books have given to my mind and feeling. I learned to read consciously when I was fourteen years old ... "Several times the work was reprinted under the title" How I Learned "with the omission of the first phrase and small additions at the end of the story.
In 1922, Maxim Gorky significantly expanded the story for a separate edition of Z. I. Grzhebina.
The story was not included in the collected works.
Gorky's works: full list... Maxim Gorky: early romantic works The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky (Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich) was born on March 16, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod - he died on June 18, 1936 in Gorki. At an early age "went to the people", in his own words. He lived hard, spent the night in the slums among all the rabble, wandered, interrupted himself with an occasional piece of bread. He passed vast territories, visited the Don, Ukraine, the Volga region, southern Bessarabia, the Caucasus and the Crimea. Beginning He was actively involved in social and political activities, for which he was arrested more than once. In 1906 he went abroad, where he began to successfully write his works. By 1910, Gorky had gained fame, his work aroused great interest. Earlier, in 1904, they began to come out critical articles , and then the book "On Gorky". Gorky's works interested politicians and public figures. Some of them believed that the writer interprets the events taking place in the country too freely. Everything that Maxim Gorky wrote, works for the theater or journalistic essays, short stories or multi-page stories, caused a resonance and was often accompanied by anti-government speeches. During World War I, the writer took an openly anti-militarist position. He met the revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm, and turned his apartment in Petrograd into a turnout for political leaders. Often Maxim Gorky, whose works became more and more topical, reviewed his own work in order to avoid misinterpretation. Abroad In 1921, the writer went abroad to undergo a course of treatment. For three years Maxim Gorky lived in Helsinki, Prague and Berlin, then moved to Italy and settled in the city of Sorrento. There he started publishing his memoirs about Lenin. In 1925 he wrote the novel The Artamonovs Case. All of Gorky's works of that time were politicized. Return to Russia The year 1928 was a turning point for Gorky. At Stalin's invitation, he returned to Russia and within a month moved from city to city, meets people, gets acquainted with the achievements in industry, observes how socialist construction is developing. Then Maxim Gorky leaves for Italy. However, the next year (1929) the writer again comes to Russia and this time visits the Solovetsky special camps. At the same time, the reviews leave the most positive. Alexander Solzhenitsyn mentioned this trip to Gorky in his novel The Gulag Archipelago. The final return of the writer to the Soviet Union took place in October 1932. Since that time, Gorky has been living in the former Ryabushinsky mansion on Spiridonovka, at his dacha in Gorki, and goes on vacation to the Crimea. The First Congress of Writers Some time later, the writer receives a political order from Stalin, who instructs him to prepare the 1st Congress of Soviet Writers. In light of this order, Maxim Gorky creates several new newspapers and magazines, publishes book series on the history of Soviet factories and factories, the civil war and some other events of the Soviet era. Then he wrote plays: "Egor Bulychev and others", "Dostigaev and others". Some of the works of Gorky, written earlier, were also used by him in the preparation of the first congress of writers, which took place in August 1934. At the congress, organizational issues were mainly resolved, the leadership of the future Union of Writers of the USSR was elected, and writing sections were created by genre. Gorky's works were also ignored at the 1st Congress of Writers, but he was elected chairman of the board. On the whole, the event was considered successful, and Stalin personally thanked Maxim Gorky for his fruitful work. Popularity M. Gorky, whose works for many years caused fierce controversy among the intelligentsia, tried to take part in the discussion of his books and especially theatrical plays. From time to time, the writer visited theaters, where he could see with his own eyes that people are not indifferent to his work. Indeed, for many, the writer M. Gorky, whose works were understandable to the common man, became a conductor of a new life. Theater spectators went to the performance several times, read and re-read books. Gorky's early romantic works The writer's work can be roughly divided into several categories. Gorky's early works are romantic and even sentimental. They do not yet feel the rigidity of political sentiment, which is saturated with the later stories and stories of the writer. The first story of the writer "Makar Chudra" is about a fleeting gypsy love. Not because it was fleeting because "love came and went", but because it lasted only one night, without a single touch. Love lived in the soul, without touching the body. And then the death of the girl by the hand of her beloved, the proud gypsy Rada passed away, and after her Loiko Zobar himself - swam together across the sky, hand in hand. Stunning plot, incredible storytelling power. The story "Makar Chudra" became long years the hallmark of Maxim Gorky, firmly taking first place in the list of "early works of Gorky". The writer worked a lot and fruitfully in his youth. Gorky's early romantic works are a cycle of stories featuring Danko, Sokol, Chelkash and others. A short tale of spiritual excellence is thought-provoking. "Chelkash" is a story about an ordinary person who carries high aesthetic feelings. Escape from home, vagrancy, complicity in a crime. A meeting of two - one is engaged in a usual business, the other is brought up by an incident. Envy, distrust, readiness for submissive servility, fear and servility of Gavrila are opposed to Chelkash's courage, self-confidence, and love for freedom. However, society does not need Chelkash, unlike Gavrila. Romantic pathos is intertwined with tragic. The description of nature in the story is also shrouded in a veil of romance. In the stories "Makar Chudra", "The Old Woman Izergil" and, finally, in the "Song of the Falcon", the motivation of "the madness of the brave" can be traced. The writer places the heroes in difficult conditions and then, beyond any logic, leads them to the finale. That is why the work of the great writer is interesting, that the narrative is unpredictable. Gorky's work "The Old Woman Izergil" consists of several parts. The character of her first story - the son of an eagle and a woman, the sharp-eyed Larra, is presented as an egoist, incapable of high feelings. When he heard the maxim that inevitably he had to pay for what he took, he expressed his disbelief, saying that "I would like to remain unharmed." People rejected him, condemning him to loneliness. Larra's pride turned out to be fatal to himself. Danko is no less proud, but he treats people with love. Therefore, he obtains the freedom necessary for his fellow tribesmen who believed him. Despite the threats of those who doubt that he is able to lead the tribe out of the dense forest, the young leader continues his journey, dragging people along with him. And when everyone's strength was running out, and the forest did not end, Danko tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and with his flame lit the path that led them to the clearing. Ungrateful fellow tribesmen, having escaped to freedom, did not even look towards Danko when he fell and died. People ran away, trampled the flaming heart as they ran, and it crumbled into blue sparks. Gorky's romantic works leave an indelible mark on the soul. Readers empathize with the characters, the unpredictability of the plot keeps them in suspense, and the ending is often unexpected. In addition, the romantic works of Gorky are distinguished by deep morality, which is unobtrusive, but makes you think. The theme of personal freedom dominates in the early work of the writer. The heroes of Gorky's works are freedom-loving and are even ready to give their lives for the right to choose their own destiny. The poem "The Girl and Death" is a vivid example of self-sacrifice in the name of love. A young, full of life girl makes a deal with death, for the sake of one night of love. She is ready to die in the morning without regret, just to meet her beloved one more time. The king, who considers himself omnipotent, condemns the girl to death only because, returning from the war, he was in a bad mood and did not like her happy laugh. Death spared Love, the girl remained alive and "bony with a scythe" had no power over her. Romance is also present in The Song of the Petrel. The proud bird is free, it is like a black lightning, rushing between the gray plain of the sea and the clouds hanging over the waves. Let the storm burst stronger, the brave bird is ready to fight. And it is important for a penguin to hide its fat body in the cliffs, he has a different attitude to the storm - no matter how he soaks the feathers. The person in the works of Gorky The special, refined psychologism of Maxim Gorky is present in all his stories, while the personality is always assigned the main role... Even the homeless vagabonds, the characters of the shelter, and they are presented by the writer as respected citizens, despite their plight. The person in the works of Gorky is put at the forefront, everything else is secondary - the events described, the political situation, even the actions of state bodies are in the background. Gorky's story "Childhood" The writer tells the story of the life of the boy Alyosha Peshkov, as if in his own name. The story is sad, it begins with the death of the father and ends with the death of the mother. Left an orphan, the boy heard from his grandfather, the day after his mother's funeral: "You are not a medal, you should not hang on my neck ... Go to people ...". And he kicked out. This is how Gorky's work "Childhood" ends. And in the middle there were several years of life in the house of his grandfather, a lean little old man who used to flog everyone weaker than him with rods on Saturdays. And only his grandchildren, who lived in the house, were inferior in strength to his grandfather, and he beat them backhand, putting them on the bench. Alexei grew up supported by his mother, and a thick fog of enmity between everyone and everyone hung in the house. Uncles fought among themselves, threatened grandfather that he would be beaten, cousins drank, and their wives did not have time to give birth. Alyosha tried to make friends with the neighboring boys, but their parents and other relatives were in such an intricate relationship with his grandfather, grandmother and mother that children could communicate only through a hole in the fence. "At the Bottom" In 1902, Gorky turned to a philosophical theme. He created a play about people who, by the will of fate, sank to the very bottom. Russian society ... Several characters, inhabitants of the house, the writer described with frightening accuracy. In the center of the narrative are homeless people who are on the verge of despair. Someone is thinking about suicide, someone else hopes for the best. The work of M. Gorky "At the Bottom" is a vivid picture of social and everyday disorder in society, often turning into a tragedy. The owner of the shelter, Mikhail Ivanovich Kostylev, lives and does not know that his life is constantly under threat. His wife Vasilisa persuades one of the guests - Vaska Ashes - to kill her husband. This is how it ends: the thief Vaska kills Kostylev and goes to prison. The rest of the inhabitants of the shelter continue to live in an atmosphere of drunken revelry and bloody fights. After a while, a certain Luka appears, a search engine and a chatterbox. He "floods", how much in vain, conducts lengthy conversations, promises everyone indiscriminately a happy future and complete prosperity. Then Luke disappears, and the unfortunate people whom he has given hope are at a loss. A severe disappointment ensued. A forty-year-old homeless man, nicknamed the Actor, commits suicide. The rest are also not far from this. A dormitory, as a symbol of the dead end of Russian society at the end of the 19th century, an undisguised ulcer of the social structure. Creativity of Maxim Gorky "Makar Chudra" - 1892. A story about love and tragedy. "Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka" - 1893. A poor, sick old man with his grandson Lyonka, a teenager. At first, the grandfather cannot stand the hardships and dies, then the grandson dies. Kind people buried the unfortunate by the road. "Old Woman Izergil" - 1895. Several stories of an old woman about selfishness and selflessness. "Chelkash" - 1895. A story about "an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief." "The Orlovs" - 1897. A story about a childless married couple who decided to help sick people. "Konovalov" - 1898. The story of how Alexander Ivanovich Konovalov, who was arrested for vagrancy, hanged himself in a prison cell. "Foma Gordeev" - 1899. A story about the events of the late 19th century that took place in the Volga city. About a boy named Thomas, who considered his father a fabulous robber. "Bourgeois" - 1901. A story about philistine roots and a new trend of the times. "At the Bottom" - 1902. A poignant topical play about homeless people who have lost all hope. "Mother" - 1906. A novel on the topic of revolutionary moods in society, about events taking place within a manufacturing factory, with the participation of members of the same family. "Vassa Zheleznova" - 1910. A play about a youthful 42-year-old woman, the owner of a shipping company, strong and domineering. Childhood - 1913 The tale of simple boy and his far from easy life. "Tales of Italy" - 1913. Cycle short stories on the theme of life in Italian cities. "Passion-Faces" - 1913. A short story about a deeply unhappy family. "In People" - 1914. The story of an errand boy in a fashionable shoe store. "My Universities" - 1923. A Story about Kazan University and Students. "Blue Life" - 1924. A story about dreams and fantasies. "The Artamonovs' case" - 1925. The story of the events taking place at the factory of woven fabric. "The Life of Klim Samgin" - 1936. Events of the early XX century - Petersburg, Moscow, barricades. Each story, novella or novel read, leaves an impression of high literary skill. Characters carry a variety of unique traits and characteristics. An analysis of Gorky's works suggests a comprehensive characterization of the characters followed by a summary. The depth of the narrative is organically combined with complex, but understandable literary techniques. All the works of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky were included in the Golden Fund of Russian culture.
Years of life: from 03/28/1868 to 06/18/1936
Russian writer, playwright, public figure. One of the most popular authors at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Maxim Gorky (real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov) was born (16) on March 28, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod. Father, Maxim Savvatievich Peshkov (1840-71) - the son of a soldier, demoted from officers, a cabinet-maker. In recent years, he worked as a manager of a steamship office, died of cholera. Mother, Varvara Vasilievna Kashirina (1842-79) - from a bourgeois family; Widowed early, remarried, died of consumption. The writer's childhood passed in the house of Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin's grandfather, who in his youth boiled over, then became rich, became the owner of a dyeing establishment, and went bankrupt in old age. His grandfather taught the boy from church books, grandmother Akulina Ivanovna introduced her grandson to folk songs and fairy tales, but most importantly, she replaced his mother, “saturating”, in the words of Gorky himself, “with strong strength for a difficult life”.
Gorky did not receive a real education, graduating only from a vocational school. The thirst for knowledge quenched independently, he grew up "self-taught". Hard work (a dishwasher on a steamer, a "boy" in a store, an apprentice in an icon-painting workshop, a foreman at fairgrounds, etc.) and early privations taught a good knowledge of life and inspired dreams of rebuilding the world. Participated in illegal populist circles. After his arrest in 1889, he was under police surveillance.
With the help of V.G. Korolenko. In 1892, Maxim Gorky published his first story - "Makar Chudra", and in 1899-1900 he met L.N. Tolstoy and A.P. Chekhov, moves closer to the Moscow Art Theater, which staged his plays "Bourgeois" and "At the bottom".
The next period of Gorky's life was associated with revolutionary activities. He joined the Bolshevik Party, later, however, at odds with it on the issue of the timeliness of the socialist revolution in Russia. He took part in organizing the first legal Bolshevik newspaper, Novaya Zhizn. In the days of the December 1905 armed uprising in Moscow, he supplied the workers' squads with weapons and money.
In 1906, on behalf of the party, Maxim Gorky illegally left for America, where he campaigned in support of the revolution in Russia. Among the Americans who ensured Gorky's reception in the United States was Mark Twain.
Upon his return to Russia, he wrote the play "Enemies" and the novel "Mother" (1906). In the same year, Gorky went to Italy, to Capri, where he lived until 1913, giving all his strength literary creation... During these years, the plays "The Last" (1908), "Vassa Zheleznova" (1910), the stories "Summer", "Okurov Town" (1909), the novel "The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin" (1910 - 11) were written.
Using the amnesty, in 1913 he returned to St. Petersburg, collaborated in the Bolshevik newspapers Zvezda and Pravda. In 1915 he founded the Letopis magazine, headed the literary department of the magazine, rallying around it such writers as Shishkov, Prishvin, Trenev, Gladkov, and others.
Gorky greeted the February revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm. He was a member of the "Special Meeting on Art Affairs", was the chairman of the Commission on Art at the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of the RSD. After the revolution, Gorky participated in the publication of the newspaper Novaya Zhizn, which was the organ of the Social Democrats, where he published articles under the general title Untimely thoughts".
In the fall of 1921, due to an exacerbation of the tuberculous process, he left for treatment abroad. At first he lived in the resorts of Germany and Czechoslovakia, then moved to Italy in Sorrento. He continues to work a lot: he finishes the trilogy - "My Universities" ("Childhood" and "In People" were published in 1913 - 16), writes the novel "The Artamonovs Case" (1925). Begins work on the book "The Life of Klim Samgin", which he continued to write until the end of his life. In 1931, Gorky returned to his homeland. In the 1930s, he again turned to drama: "Yegor Bulychev and others" (1932), "Dostigaev and others" (1933).
Summing up his acquaintance and communication with the great people of his time, Gorky wrote literary portraits of L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, V. Korolenko, the essay "VI Lenin". In 1934, through the efforts of M. Gorky, the 1st All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers was prepared and held.
On May 11, 1934, Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, unexpectedly dies. The writer himself died on June 18, 1936 in the town of Gorki, near Moscow, having outlived his son by a little more than two years. After his death, he was cremated, the ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. Before cremation, A.M. Gorky's brain was removed and taken to the Moscow Brain Institute for further study. Around his death, as well as the death of his son Maxim, there is still a lot that is unclear.
Gorky started out as a provincial newspaper (published under the name of Yehudiel Chlamida). The pseudonym M. Gorky (letters and documents signed with his real name - A. Peshkov) appeared in 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper Kavkaz, where the first story, Makar Chudra, was published.
The circumstances of the death of Gorky and his son are considered by many to be "suspicious." There were rumors about the poisoning, which, however, have not been confirmed. According to the interrogations of Genrikh Yagoda (one of the main leaders of the state security organs), Maxim Gorky was killed on the orders of Trotsky, and the murder of Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, was his personal initiative. Some publications blame Stalin for Gorky's death.
Bibliography
Stories
1908 - "The Life of an Unnecessary Person".
1908 - "Confession"
1909 - "", "".
1913-1914- ""
1915-1916- ""
1923 - ""
Stories, essays
1892 - "Makar Chudra"
1895 - "Chelkash", "Old Woman Izergil".
1897 - Former People, The Orlovs, Malva, Konovalov.
1898 - "Essays and Stories" (collection)
1899 - "Song of the Falcon" (prose poem), "Twenty six and one"
1901 - "Song of the Petrel" (prose poem)
1903 - "Man" (prose poem)
1913 - "Yegor Bulychov and others (1953)
Egor Bulychov and others (1971)
The Life of the Baron (1917) - based on the play "At the Bottom"
The Life of Klim Samgin (TV series, 1986)
The life of Klim Samgin (film, 1986)
The Well (2003) - based on the story of A.M. Gorky "Gubin"
Summer People (1995) - based on the play "Summer Residents"
Malva (1956) - based on short stories
Mother (1926)
Mother (1955)
Mother (1990)
Bourgeois (1971)
My Universities (1939)
At the bottom (1952)
At the Bottom (1957)
At the bottom (1972)
Washed in blood (1917) - based on the story of M. Gorky "Konovalov"
The Premature Man (1971) - based on the play by Maxim Gorky "Yakov Bogomolov"
Across Russia (1968) - based on early stories
For Boredom (1967)
Tabor goes to heaven (1975)
Three (1918)
Foma Gordeev (1959)
(estimates: 6
, the average: 3,17
out of 5)
Name: Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov
Aliases: Maxim Gorky, Yehudiel Chlamida
Birthday: March 16, 1868
Place of Birth: Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire
Date of death: June 18, 1936
A place of death: Gorki, Moscow region, RSFSR, USSR
Biography of Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky was born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1868. In fact, the name of the writer was Alexei, but his father was Maxim, and the writer’s surname was Peshkov. My father worked as a simple carpenter, so the family could not be called wealthy. At the age of 7, he went to school, but after a couple of months he had to quit due to smallpox. As a result, the boy was educated at home, and he also studied all subjects on his own.
Gorky had a rather difficult childhood. His parents died too early and the boy lived with his grandfather 
, which had a very difficult character. Already at the age of 11, the future writer went to earn his own bread, earning money either in a bakery store, or in a canteen on a steamer.
In 1884, Gorky ended up in Kazan and tried to get an education, but this attempt failed, and he had to work hard again to earn money for his food. At the age of 19, Gorky even tries to commit suicide due to poverty and fatigue.
Here he is fond of Marxism, trying to agitate. In 1888 he was arrested for the first time. He takes a job at an iron job, where the authorities keep a close eye on him.
In 1889, Gorky returned to Nizhny Novgorod, got a job with the lawyer Lanin as a clerk. It was during this period that he wrote "The Song of the Old Oak" and turned to Korolenko to appreciate the work.
In 1891, Gorky went to travel around the country. His story "Makar Chudra" was published for the first time in Tiflis.
In 1892, Gorky again went to Nizhny Novgorod and returned to the service of the lawyer Lanin. Here he is already published in many editions of Samara and Kazan. In 1895 he moved to Samara. At this time, he actively writes and his works are constantly published. The two-volume Essays and Stories, published in 1898, is in great demand and is very actively discussed and criticized. In the period from 1900 to 1901 he met Tolstoy and Chekhov.
In 1901, Gorky created his first plays "Bourgeois" and "At the bottom". They were very popular, and "Bourgeois" was even staged in Vienna and Berlin. The writer has already become known internationally. From that moment on, his works were translated into different languages of the world, and he and his works also became the object of close attention of foreign critics.
Gorky took part in the revolution in 1905, and since 1906 he has been leaving his country due to political events. He has been living on the Italian island of Capri for a long time. Here he writes the novel "Mother". This work influenced the emergence of a new direction in literature, like socialist realism.
In 1913, Maxim Gorky was able to finally return to his homeland. During this period, he was actively working on an autobiography. He also works as an editor for two newspapers. Then he gathered around him proletarian writers and published a collection of their works.
The period of the revolution in 1917 was ambiguous for Gorky. As a result, he joins the ranks of the Bolsheviks, even despite doubts and torments. However, he does not support some of their views and actions. In particular, regarding the intelligentsia. Thanks to Gorky, most of the intelligentsia in those days escaped hunger and painful death. 
In 1921, Gorky leaves his country. There is a version that he does this because Lenin was too worried about the health of the great writer, whose tuberculosis had worsened. However, the reason could be Gorky's contradictions with the authorities. He lived in Prague, Berlin and Sorrento.
When Gorky was 60 years old, Stalin himself invited him to the USSR. A warm welcome was organized for the writer. He traveled around the country, where he spoke at meetings and rallies. He is honored in every possible way, he is taken to the Communist Academy.
In 1932, Gorky returned to the USSR for good. He is very active in literary activity, organizes the All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, and publishes a large number of newspapers.
In 1936, terrible news spread throughout the country: Maxim Gorky left this world. The writer caught a cold when he visited his son's grave. However, there is an opinion that both the son and the father were poisoned because of political views but this has never been proven.
Documentary
Your attention is a documentary film, biography of Maxim Gorky.
Bibliography of Maxim Gorky
Novels
1899
Foma Gordeev
1900-1901
Three
1906
Mother (second edition - 1907)
1925
The Artamonovs case
1925-1936
The life of Klim Samgin
Stories
1908
The life of an unnecessary person
1908
Confession
1909
Okurov town
The life of Matvey Kozhemyakin
1913-1914
Childhood
1915-1916
In people
1923
My Universities
Stories, essays
1892
Girl and death
1892
Makar Chudra
1895
Chelkash
Old Isergil
1897
Former people
The Orlovs
Mallow
Konovalov
1898
Essays and stories (collection)
1899
Song of the Falcon (prose poem)
Twenty six and one
1901
Song of the Petrel (prose poem)
1903
Man (prose poem)
1913
Tales of Italy
1912-1917
Across Russia (cycle of stories)
1924
Stories from 1922-1924
1924
Diary notes (cycle of stories)
Plays
1901
Bourgeoisie
1902
At the bottom
1904
Summer residents
1905
Children of the Sun
Barbarians
1906
Enemies
1910
Vassa Zheleznova (revised in December 1935)
1915
Old man
1930-1931
Somov and others
1932
Egor Bulychov and others
1933
Dostigaev and others
Journalism
1906
My interviews
In America "(pamphlets)
1917-1918
a series of articles "Untimely Thoughts" in the newspaper "New Life"
1922
About the Russian peasantry
Loading...
