The best French artists. Contemporary painters of France Famous painters of France
Details Category: Fine art and architecture of the late XVI-XVIII centuries Published on 04/27/2017 14:46 Views: 3249V early XVIII v. in France, a new style appeared - rococo.
Translated from the French rococo (rocaille) - "shell". The name of this artistic style reveals its characteristic feature - a love for complex shapes, bizarre lines, reminiscent of the graceful silhouette of a shell.
The Rococo style did not last long (until about the 40s), but its influence on European culture turned out to be very strong.
In the second half of the 18th century. a new surge of interest in ancient culture began. This was partly due to the excavations of Pompeii, which discovered unique monuments of art. On the other hand, this interest was promoted by the ideas of the French Enlightenment: the ideal of art and public life they have seen in history and culture Ancient Greece and Ancient rome... Thus, a new style was formed - neoclassicism. This was not the case in all countries. For example, in Italy the Baroque style existed simultaneously with the Rococo style, while in France the Baroque did not receive much development. In Russia, Rococo and Neoclassicism complemented each other.
In the XVIII century. customers have not played already starring in the fate of the artist: public opinion became the main judge of works of art. Appeared art criticism: Denis Diderot, Jean Jacques Rousseau and others.
An important event in the artistic life of France in the 18th century. became public exhibitions - Salons. Since 1667, they have been organized annually by the Parisian Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture with the support of the royal court. Success in the Salon was a recognition for a painter or sculptor. Not only the French were eager to participate in the Salons, so Paris gradually turned into a pan-European art center.
Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721)
Rosalba Carriera. Portrait of Antoine Watteau (1721)
Antoine Watteau is a French painter of the first third of the 18th century, the founder of the Rococo style.
He discovered in painting the sphere of the subtlest emotions, consonant with the lyrics of the landscape.
A. Watteau was born in a provincial town in the family of a roofer. Already in early years manifested his artistic abilities, and his father gave him as an apprentice to a local painter of insignificant talent. Very soon the mentor was no longer useful to the future artist. Antoine Watteau, against his father's wishes, secretly leaves his hometown of Valenciennes and walks to Paris, where he hires a painting workshop on the Notre Dame bridge, the owner of which has organized the serial production of cheap copies of paintings in the "common taste" for wholesale buyers. Watteau mechanically copied the same popular paintings, and in his free time he painted from nature. He was exceptionally hardworking.
Antoine Watteau "The Capricious Woman" (c. 1718). State Hermitage (Petersburg)
Soon, Watteau found his first patrons - Pierre Mariette and his son Jean, engravers and collectors, owners of a large company that sold prints and paintings. With the Mariettes, Watteau got the opportunity to get acquainted with the works of Rembrandt, Titian, Rubens. Through the mediation of the Mariettes, Watteau becomes a student of the artist Claude Gillot, the master theatrical scenery and the creator of small paintings. “From this master, Watteau perceived only a taste for the grotesque and for the comic, as well as a taste for modern plots, to which he later devoted himself. And yet we must admit that Gillot Watteau finally figured out himself and that since then the signs of talent that had to be developed have become more obvious ”(Biographer of the artist Edm-François Gersen).
Antoine Watteau, Actors of the French Comedy (c. 1712). State Hermitage (Petersburg)
At 33, Watteau became the most popular painter in Paris, which contributed to his European fame.
Antoine Watteau "Gilles" (1718-1719). Louvre (Paris)
Here is how Watteau M.Yu. German, leading researcher at the Russian Museum: “In the history of art,“ Gilles ”has practically no analogies. Few wrote actors at all. Moreover, no one dared to show the actor in complete inaction. For Watteau himself, this was a brave step: to paint a figure in the very middle of the canvas, filling most of it with a wide robe that completely hides the body of the comedian, and in the depths to depict the faces of other actors, with joy and animation in sharp contrast to the almost motionless face of the hero ... and facial expressions, symmetrically and flatly inscribed in the canvas, he calmly exists in time, as if it had stopped forever for him. Everything that is fleeting and transient is alien to him. The fuss behind him is in the movements of the actors. Laughter and fun of the audience is in front of him. And he remains invariably motionless, with a funny and touching reproach in his round, gentle and intelligent eyes. "
Already quite sick, Watteau took up the sign for the antique shop "Great Monarch" on the Notre Dame bridge. This shop belonged to his friend Gersen.
Antoine Watteau. The sign of Gersen's shop (1720-1721). Charlottenburg Palace (Berlin)
Watteau painted a picture-sign on two separate canvases and then inserted into a single frame. The action of the picture was transferred from the landscape to the interior. The canvas depicts a spacious shop, which, according to the artist's conception, goes directly to the Parisian pavement.
In the foreground on the left, servants are placing a portrait of the recently deceased Louis XIV in a box. In the upper corner there is a portrait of his father-in-law, King Philip IV of Spain; on the right, connoisseurs are carefully studying the painting in an oval frame; landscapes and still lifes coexist here with mythological scenes.
The main feature of this work is its programmatic character. According to Louis Aragon, Watteau, under the guise of a sign, presented the history of painting as he knew it. This picture became, as it were, an artistic testament of the author. Antoine Watteau died at the age of 36 from tuberculosis.
Monument to Antoine Watteau in his hometown Valenciennes (1884)
The work of Francois Boucher is also associated with the development of the Rococo style.
Francois Boucher (1703-1770)
F. Boucher - French painter, engraver, decorator. His works are characterized by exquisite forms, lyrically delicate coloring, gracefulness, flirtatiousness, sometimes reaching the point of cutesy.
Gustaf Lundberg. Portrait of Francois Boucher
Boucher was a master of engraving, illustrated books by Ovid, Boccaccio, Moliere. Created scenery for operas and performances, paintings for royal tapestry manufactories; performed ornamental paintings of Sevres porcelain products, painted fans, performed miniatures, etc.
In painting, he turned to allegorical and mythological subjects, wrote genre scenes, pastorals (poeticization of a peaceful and simple rural life), landscapes, portraits.
F. Boucher. Portrait of Madame de Pompadour
Boucher received the title of court painter. Decorated the residence of the king and Madame de Pompadour, private mansions in Paris. In the last years of his life he was director of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture and "the first painter of the king."
F. Boucher. Portrait of Marie Buzo, the artist's wife (1733)
Another painting by F. Boucher illustrates an episode of La Fontaine's short story "The Hermit". A young man, planning to seduce a beautiful but timid country girl, settles nearby under the guise of a hermit. He manages to convince the girl's mother of her holiness, and she herself takes her daughter to him to listen to his good teachings. Boucher shows an original interpretation of La Fontaine's work, but in his composition the landscape occupies the main place.
F. Boucher “Landscape with a Hermit. Brother Luce "(1742). Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin (Moscow)
Democratic views of French art
They were embodied in the work of the "painter of the third estate" Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin, in the portraits of Maurice Quentin de Latour.
Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin (1699-1779)
Chardin. Self-portrait
Chardin deliberately avoided plots typical of the art of his time. He mainly painted still lifes and everyday scenes, but in them he expressed his own observations. He was interested in the life of people of the "third estate" (all groups of the population with the exception of the privileged: the clergy and nobility).
Chardin's work as an artist continued the traditions of the Dutch and Flemish masters and represented the flowering of realism in the 18th century. Even his still life was an aspect for depicting reality. The most ordinary objects for him became sources of composition for depicting harmonious life: jugs, old pots, vegetables, etc.
Chardin "Scat" (1728). Louvre (Paris)
The artist was able to perfectly convey the variety of colors, felt the internal interconnection of objects. With small strokes, he conveyed shades of color, had the ability to include the influence of sunlight in the image.
Turning to genre painting, to ordinary home scenes, Chardin recreated on the canvas a calm, measured way Everyday life close to every person. It was such pictures that strengthened behind him one of the prominent places in history. french painting... In 1728 he became a member of the Parisian Academy of Arts, in 1743 - its adviser; later became a member of the Rouen Academy of Sciences, Literature and fine arts.
He inspired the most mundane objects and activities: The Washerwoman (1737), The Jar of Olives (1760), The Attributes of the Arts (1766).
Chardin "Still life with attributes of the arts" (1766 State Hermitage (St. Petersburg). The painting was commissioned by Catherine II for the building of the Academy of Arts under construction in St. Petersburg
D. Diderot compared his skill with witchcraft: “Oh, Chardin, these are not white, red and black paints that you rub on your palette, but the very essence of objects; you take air and light at the tip of your brush and apply them to the canvas! "
Chardin "Soap Bubbles" (1733-1734). National Gallery of Art, Washington (USA)
The work of Jean Honore Fragonard is distinguished by a peculiar fusion of "gallant" painting and genre genre.
Jean Honore Fragonard (1732-1806)
French painter and printmaker. He worked in the Rococo style. Author of over 550 paintings (not counting drawings and prints).
J.O. Fragonard. Self-portrait (c. 1760-1770)
He was a student of F. Boucher and Zh.B.S. Chardin. Initially, he was fond of historical painting, and then began to write in the spirit of Watteau and Boucher. Often he has scenes intimate life, erotic content, decorative panels, portraits, miniatures, watercolors, pastels. He was also engaged in etching engraving.
But in the era of classicism, it lost its popularity.
J.O. Fragonard "The Catch" (1777). Louvre (Paris)
The painting depicts a love scene: the gentleman, without taking his eyes off the lady, reaches with his right hand to the door on which he closes the upper latch. The lady's left hand, as it were, repeats this movement. On the table is an apple, the biblical symbol of temptation and the fall.
V historical paintings Fragonard is a little original. His landscapes are pretty embellished. But the artist's genre paintings are distinguished by their skillful composition, gracefulness of drawing, delicate color and delicate taste: "Music lesson", "Pastoral", "Bathers", "Sleeping nymph", "Cupid taking off a shirt from a beauty", "Young guitarist", " A sneak kiss. "
J.O. Fragonard "The Sneak Kiss". Hermitage (Petersburg)
In the middle of the 18th century. the French Enlightenment put forward the classical ideals of the means of education. A sentimental and moralizing direction appeared in painting, in which the artist Jean-Baptiste Greuze stood out.
Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805)
J.-B. Dreams. Self-portrait
Greuze especially succeeded in the genre of family life with its problems and dramas - here he has few rivals in French painting.
J.-B. Grez's "The Curse of the Father" (1777). Louvre (Paris)
The painting depicts a scene of a family drama when the son announces his departure to the army to his father, and the father curses him.
As a portrait painter, he was also at his best, tk. understood portrait painting differently from his contemporaries, who portrayed men as Apollo and women as Flora and Venus. His portraits are full of external resemblance, filled with life and feelings.
J.-B. Greuze "Portrait of a Girl". National Museum arts of Azerbaijan
In the St. Petersburg Hermitage there are 11 works of Greuze.
In France in the 18th century. increased interest in nature and landscape painting... A characteristic of neoclassicism landscape variety ("architectural fantasy") was created by Hubert Robert.
Hubert Robert (1733-1808)
Vigee-Lebrun, Marie Elisabeth Louise. Portrait of Hubert Robert (1788) Louvre (Paris)
French landscape painter; gained European fame for the dimensional canvases with romanticized images of antique ruins surrounded by idealized nature. His nickname was "Robert of the Ruins".
Hubert Robert "Ancient Ruins" (1754-1765). Budapest
Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
J.-L. David. Self-portrait (1794)
French painter and teacher, a major representative of French neoclassicism in painting. A sensitive chronicler of his turbulent time.
Born into the family of an iron wholesaler. He was brought up mainly in a family of relatives. When the child was noticed with the ability to draw, it was assumed that he would become an architect, like both of his uncles.
David took drawing lessons at the Academy of St. Luke. In 1764, his relatives introduced him to François Boucher, but due to illness, he could not study with the young man. In 1766, David entered the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture and began to study in Vien's workshop. In 1775-1780 David studied at the French Academy in Rome, studied antique art and the work of the masters of the Renaissance.
In 1783 he was elected a member of the Academy of Painting.
He actively participated in the revolutionary movement, was elected a deputy of the National Convention, joined the Montagnards led by Marat and Robespierre, voted for the death of King Louis XVI. Writes a number of paintings dedicated to the revolutionaries: "The Oath in the Ballroom" (1791, not finished), "The Death of Marat" (1793). Also at this time, he organized mass folk festivals and created the National Museum in the Louvre.
J.-L. David "Death of Marat" (1793). Royal Museums of Fine Arts (Brussels)
This canvas is one of the most famous paintings dedicated to the Great French Revolution.
Jean-Paul Marat is a journalist for the radical newspaper Friend of the People, leader of the Jacobins. Having fallen ill with a skin disease, Marat did not leave the house and, in order to alleviate his suffering, took baths. On July 13, 1793, he was stabbed to death in his apartment by the noblewoman Charlotte Corday.
The inscription on the wooden curbstone is the author's dedication: "MARAT, David". A piece of paper with the text is clutched in Marat's hand: “July 13, 1793, Marie Anne Charlotte Corday - to the citizen of Marat. I am unhappy, and therefore I have the right to your protection. " In fact, Marat did not have time to receive this note, since Korde killed him earlier.
In 1794 he was imprisoned for revolutionary views.
In 1797 he witnessed the solemn entry into Paris of Napoleon Bonaparte and since then became his ardent supporter, and after he came to power - the court “first artist”. David creates paintings dedicated to the passage of Napoleon through the Alps, his coronation, as well as a number of compositions and portraits of persons close to Napoleon. After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, he fled to Switzerland, then moved to Brussels, where he lived until the end of his life.
J.-L. David "Bonaparte at St. Bernard Pass" (1801)
This painting of David opens the era of romanticism in European painting... It is a highly romanticized equestrian portrait of General Napoleon Bonaparte, who in May 1800 led the Italian army crossing the Saint Bernard Pass high in the Alps.
The natural background also gives a romantic meaning to the picture: steep mountain cliffs, snow, strong wind and bad weather. Below, if you look closely, you can see the carved names of three great generals who passed this road: Hannibal, Charlemagne and Bonaparte.
J.-L. David "Coronation of Napoleon" (1805-1808)
The canvas was created under the impression of the painting by Rubens "The Coronation of Maria de Medici".
Jacques-Louis David was buried in Brussels, and his heart was transported to Paris and buried in the Pere Lachaise cemetery.
In the XVIII century. Historical painters Jean Jouvenet, Nicolas Colombel, Pierre Subleira, portrait painters Claude Lefebvre, Nicolas Largillier and Hyacinth Rigaud worked in France.
In the middle of the 18th century. the Vanlos family was famous, especially the brothers Jean-Baptiste and Charles and other artists.
There was a time when artists were not appreciated for their work. But these days these personalities are highly regarded, regardless of whether they belong to historical times or are alive. French painters are especially revered for their amazing and delightful work.
Here are 10 of the most famous and prominent French painters and painters. Let's go back in time and consider it all together. Please enjoy!
TOP 10 most famous French painters and painters:
10. Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
Paul Gauguin is a French painter and painter of post-impressionist times. He made a great contribution to the development of avant-garde paintings. Gauguin was closely associated with Van Gogh.
9. Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)
Vincent Van Gogh belongs to the post-impressionist period. He is one of the most famous painters and painters in the world. Vincent is known for his daring and flamboyant paintings, and was born in the Netherlands.
8. Camille Pissaro (1830-1903)
Camille Pissaro belongs to the Impressionist and Post-Impressionist eras. He is one of the most influential and finest painters of all time. He worked on new and unique styles in his paintings, which could give an edge to his career.
7. Edouard Manet (1832-1883)
Edouard Manet is known for his contributions to the schools of Realism and Impressionism. He was a great and innovative painter. He turned the works into impressionism to give them a modern look.
6. Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)
Eugene Delacroix is known for his romantic paintings and works of art. He received inspiration for this work from the painters of the Venetian Renaissance and Rubens.
5. Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
Paul Cezanne was born in the 18th century. An amazing artist of the Impressionist era. He began his career in Impressionist forms but developed himself as an innovative artist by giving best works art in the 19th century.
4. Charles-Francois Débigny (1817-1878)
Charles-Francois Débigny is one of the most famous artists of all time. He is still remembered for his traditional landscape paintings and are used to impress others with unique works of art.
3. August Renoir (1841-1919)
August Renoir belongs to the era of impressionism. He is one of the most famous painters who played a key role in the development of Impressionist works.
2. Claude Monet (1840-1926)
Claude Monet is an impressionist painter. He is one of the most influential painters of the 18th century. He was heavily influenced by the works of high school students and his own works such as "Impression", "Sunrise" and others appeared.
1. Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
Edgar Degas is considered the forerunner of Impressionism. He painted realistic aspects of human life. His style of work was truly unique and very impressive.
Woman with a cat. 1875 g.
French painter, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the main representatives of impressionism. Renoir is known primarily as a master of secular portrait, not devoid of sentimentality; he was the first of the Impressionists to find success with the wealthy Parisians. In the mid-1880s. actually broke with impressionism, returning to the linearity of classicism, to Engrism.
Self-portrait. 1876 g.
Auguste Renoir was born on February 25, 1841 in Limoges, a city located in the south of Central France. Renoir was the sixth child of a poor tailor named Leonard and his wife, Marguerite.
Portrait of Renoir's mother. 1860 g.
In 1844, the Renoirs moved to Paris, and here Auguste entered the church choir at the large Cathedral of Saint-Eustache. He had such a voice that the choir director, Charles Gounod, tried to convince the boy's parents to send him to study music. However, in addition to this, Auguste showed the gift of an artist, and when he was 13 years old, he began to help the family, getting a job with a master, from whom he learned to paint porcelain plates and other utensils. In the evenings, Auguste attended painting school.
Dance at Bougival. 1883 g.
In 1865, in the house of his friend, the artist Jules Le Coeur, he met a 16-year-old girl Lisa Treo, who soon became Renoir's lover and his favorite model. In 1870, their daughter Jeanne Marguerite was born, although Renoir refused to officially acknowledge his paternity. Their relationship continued until 1872, when Lisa left Renoir and married another.
Self-portrait. 1875 g.
Renoir's creative career was interrupted in 1870-1871, when he was drafted into the army during the Franco-Prussian War, which ended in a crushing defeat for France.
Dance in the countryside. 1883 g.
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The portrait of Aline Charigot, Renoir's wife, was probably painted while the family was in the countryside in eastern France. 1885 g.
In 1890, Renoir married Alina Sharigo, whom he had met ten years earlier, when she was a 21-year-old seamstress.
Motherhood. 1886 g.
They already had a son, Pierre, born in 1885, and after the wedding they had two more sons - Jean, born in 1894, and Claude (known as "Coco"), born in 1901 and becoming one of the most beloved models father.
Jean Renoir is painting. 1901 g.
By the time his family was finally formed, Renoir achieved success and fame, was recognized as one of the leading artists in France and managed to receive the title of Knight Commander of the Legion of Honor from the state.
The artist's family. 1896 g.
Renoir's personal happiness and professional success were marred by illness. In 1897, Renoir broke right hand falling off the bike. As a result, he developed rheumatism, from which he suffered for the rest of his life. Because of rheumatism, Renoir found it difficult to live in Paris, and in 1903 the Renoir family moved to an estate called "Colette" in the small town of Cagnes-sur-Mer.
Self-portrait. 1899 g.
After a paralysis attack in 1912, despite two surgeries, Renoir was chained to wheelchair, however, he continued to write with a brush, which the nurse placed between his fingers.
Auguste Renoir. Self-portrait. 1910
In the last years of his life, Renoir won fame and universal recognition. In 1917, when his "Umbrellas" were exhibited at the London National Gallery, hundreds of British artists and just painting lovers sent him a congratulation, which said: “From the moment your painting was hung along with the works of the old masters, we were delighted that our contemporary took his rightful place in European painting ".
Umbrellas. 1883 g.
Renoir's painting was also exhibited at the Louvre, and in August 1919 the artist in last time visited Paris to look at her.
Self-portrait. 1910 g.
On December 3, 1919, Pierre Auguste Renoir died in Cagnes-sur-Mer from pneumonia at the age of 78. Buried in Essua.
Spring bouquet. 1866 g.
Creation
Choice of genres 1862-1873
In early 1862, Renoir passed exams at the School of Fine Arts at the Academy of Arts and enrolled in Gleyre's workshop. There he met with Fantin-Latour, Sisley, Basil and Claude Monet. Soon they became friends with Cézanne and Pizarro, so the backbone of the future group of impressionists was formed.
Camille Monet. 1873 g.
In the early years, Renoir was influenced by the work of the Barbizonians, Corot, Prudhon, Delacroix and Courbet.
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Summer. 1868
In 1864, Glair closed the workshop, and the training ended. Renoir began to paint his first canvases and then for the first time presented to the Salon the painting "Esmeralda Dancing Among Tramps." She was accepted, but when the canvas returned to him, the author destroyed it.
Portrait of the Sisleys. 1868 g.
Paddling pool. 1869 g.
Having chosen genres for his works in those years, he did not betray them until the end of his life. This is a landscape - "Jules le Coeur in the forest of Fontainebleau" (1866), everyday scenes - "Froggy" (1869), "Pont Neuf" (1872), still life - "Spring bouquet" (1866), "Still life with a bouquet and a fan" (1871), portrait - "Lisa with an umbrella" (1867), "Odalisque" (1870), nude - "Diana the hunter" (1867).
Odalisque. 1870 g.
Still life with a bouquet and a fan. 1871 g.
In 1872, Renoir and his friends created the Anonymous Cooperative Partnership.
Mademoiselle Sicot. 1865 g.
Madame Clementine Valensi Stora. 1870 g.
Camille Monet. 1872 g.
Madame Edouard Bernier. 1871 g.
Woman with a parrot. 1871 g.
Rafa Mater. 1871
An unnecessary umbrella. 1872 g.
Riding in Bois de Boulogne. 1873 g.
Struggle for Recognition 1874-1882
The first exhibition of the partnership opened on April 15, 1874. Renoir presented pastels and six paintings, among which were "The Dancer" and "The Lodge" (both - 1874). The exhibition ended in failure, and the members of the partnership received the insulting nickname - "impressionists".
Lodge. 1874 g.
The painting depicts a woman (foreground) and a man (background) sitting in a box. opera house... Renoir's brother, journalist Edmond Renoir and Montmartre model Nini Lopez, posed for this picture.
Smiling woman. Portrait of Madame Furnace. 1875 g.
Fishwife. 1875 g.
Madame Victor Choquet. 1875 g.
Despite poverty, it was during these years that the artist created his main masterpieces: "Grand Boulevards" (1875), "Walk" (1875), "Ball at the Moulin de la Galette" (1876), "Nude" (1876), "Nude in the Sunlight "(1876)," Swing "(1876)," First Exit "(1876/1877)," A Path in the Tall Grass "(1877).
Ball at the Moulin de la Galette. 1876 g.
Swing. 1876 g.
Portrait of Madame Alphonse Daudet. 1876 g.
Nude. 1876 g.
Young woman braiding her hair. 1876 g.
Renoir gradually ceased to participate in the exhibitions of the Impressionists. He presented to the Salon in 1879 the full-figured "Portrait of the Actress Jeanne Samary" (1878) and "Portrait of Madame Charpentier with Children" (1878) and achieved universal recognition, and after that financial independence. He continued to paint new canvases - in particular, the famous Boulevard de Clichy (1880), Breakfast of the Rowers (1881), On the Terrace (1881).
Young girl reading a book. 1876 g.
Portrait of Madame Charpentier. 1877 g.
Portrait of the actress Jeanne Samary. 1877 g.
Portrait of the actress Jeanne Samary. 1878 g.
A cup of chocolate. 1878 g.
In secret. 1878
Portrait of Alfonsin Peci. 1879 g.
The rowers' lunch on the river bank. 1879 g.
Young woman sewing. 1879 g.
Portrait of Teresa Berard. 1879 g.
Near the lake. 1880 g.
Breakfast of the rowers. 1881 g.
The painting was painted in the Fournaise restaurant, located on an island on the Seine river, located in Chatou, a little west of Paris. Renoir loved this place - not only "The Rowers' Breakfast" was painted here, but also some other paintings. In fact, the picture is a group portrait of a meeting of friends. A joyful, relaxed atmosphere reigns, there is no ostentation, everyone is in natural, random poses. Behind the railing, you can see dense greenery, behind which the Seine River looks out.In the painting, Renoir portrayed many of his friends and acquaintances.
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Two sisters (On the terrace). 1881 g.
Albert Caen, French opera composer. 1881
Girl with a fan. 1881 g.
Girls in black. 1881 g.
Portrait of Alfred Berard with his dog. 1881 g.
Marie-Therese Durand-Ruel sewing. 1882 g.
"Engres period" 1883-1890
Renoir traveled to Algeria, then to Italy, where he became closely acquainted with the works of the classics of the Renaissance, after which his artistic taste changed. Renoir painted a series of paintings "Dance in the Country" (1882/1883), "Dance in the City" (1883), "Dance in Bougival" (1883), as well as such canvases as "In the Garden" (1885) and "Umbrellas" (1881/1886), where the impressionist past is still visible, but Renoir's new approach to painting is manifested.
Girl with a straw hat. 1884 g.
The so-called "Ingres period" opens. Most famous work this period - "Big Bathers" (1884/1887). For the construction of the composition, the author first used sketches and sketches. The lines of the drawing became clear and defined. Paints lost their former brightness and saturation, painting as a whole began to look more restrained and colder.
Big bathers. 1884-1887.
In the foreground, three naked women are depicted - two are on the shore, and the third is standing in the water, apparently about to spray them. The figures of women are written out very clearly and realistically, which was characteristic style for this period of Renoir's creativity, which was called the "dry" or "Ingres" (after the name of the artist Dominique Ingres) period.
For the painting, Renoir posed (from left to right) Alina Charigot, Renoir's future wife (in 1885 they had their first son, Pierre, and officially the marriage was concluded in 1890), and Suzanne Valadon (real name Marie-Clementine Valadon), who later became famous artist.
Renoir worked on this painting for about three years, and in the process of work drew a large number of sketches and sketches, including at least two full-scale multi-figure versions. After "Big Bathers" there was not a single picture to which he would devote so much time and effort.
On the very seashore. 1883 g.
Dance in the city. 1883 g.
Young ladies playing badminton. 1885 g.
Portrait of Suzanne Valadon. 1885 g.
Young girl reading. 1886 g.
Hairstyle. 1888 g.
Young girl with camomiles. 1889 g.
Madame de Vernon. 1889 g.
Girl in a pink and black hat. 1890 g.
"Mother of Pearl" 1891-1902
In 1892, Durand-Ruel opened a large exhibition of Renoir's paintings, which was a great success. Recognition also came from government officials - the painting "Girls at the Piano" (1892) was purchased for the Luxembourg Museum.
Girls at the piano. 1892 g.
The painting depicts two young girls: one sits at the piano, and the other stands next to her. Both girls are attentively and enthusiastically looking at the notes, apparently picking up some kind of melody. Such a calm, idyllic picture was a symbol of the French bourgeois culture of the time.
Woman with a hat. 1891 g.
The girls are reading. 1891 g.
Christina Lerolle is embroidering. 1895 g.
Playing guitar. 1897 g.
Renoir traveled to Spain, where he got acquainted with the work of Velazquez and Goya.
In the early 90s, new changes took place in Renoir art. In a painterly manner, iridescence of color appeared, which is why this period is sometimes called "mother-of-pearl".
At this time, Renoir painted such paintings as "Apples and Flowers" (1895/1896), "Spring" (1897), "Son Jean" (1900), "Portrait of Madame Gaston Bernheim" (1901). He traveled to the Netherlands, where he was interested in paintings by Vermeer and Rembrandt.
Madame Paul Gallimard née Lucy Duce. 1892 g.
Girls looking at the album. 1892 g.
A girl combing her hair. 1894 g.
Woman with a red blush. 1896 g.
Three bathers with a crab. 1897 g.
Portrait of Christina Lerolle. 1897
A young Spanish woman playing the guitar. 1898 g.
Yvonne and Christine at the piano. 1898 g.
"Red period" 1903-1919
The "nacreous" period gave way to the "red", so named because of the preference for shades of reddish and pink colors.
Renoir still painted sunny landscapes, still lifes with bright flowers, portraits of his children, naked women, created "Walk" (1906), "Portrait of Ambroise Vollard" (1908), "Gabriel in a red blouse" (1910), "Bouquet of roses "(1909/1913)," Woman with a Mandolin "(1919).
Portrait of Martha Denis. 1904 g.
Thoughtfulness. 1906 g.
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard. 1908
Ambroise Vollard - one of the most significant dealers in works of art (marchans) in Paris in the late XIX - early. XX centuries. He supported both financially and morally a large number of famous and unknown artists including Cezanne, Maillol, Picasso, Rouault, Gauguin and van Gogh. He was also known as a collector and publisher.
Gabrielle darning. 1908 g.
Lady with a fan. 1908 g.
Mr. and Mrs. Bernheim de Villers. 1910 g.
Washing. 1912 g.
The woman at the stove. 1912 g.
Interesting Facts
A close friend of Auguste Renoir was Henri Matisse, who was almost 28 years younger than him. When O. Renoir was essentially bedridden due to illness, A. Matisse visited him every day. Renoir, practically paralyzed by arthritis, overcoming pain, continued to paint in his studio. Once, observing the pain with which each brushstroke was given to him, Matisse could not resist and asked: "Auguste, why don't you leave painting, you are suffering so much?" Renoir limited himself only to the answer: "The pain passes, but the beauty remains." And this was the whole Renoir, who worked until his last breath.
Every country has its own heroes contemporary art, whose names are well-known, whose exhibitions gather crowds of fans and curious, and whose works are dispersed in private collections.
In this article, we will introduce you to some of the most popular contemporary artists in France.
Malika Favre
Malika Favre was introduced to the world of fine arts by the artist-mother - there was no TV and video games in their house, these entertainment was replaced by drawing. After graduating from university, Favre moved to London, where she still lives and works. It was in London, after four years at Airside, that she found her calling and became a professional illustrator.
Thomas Mainardis
Thomas is a French self-taught artist. His paintings, the style of which the artist refers to as pop expressionism, are subjective impressions and moments snatched from modern pop culture and saturated with emotions and fantasies. The artist currently lives and works in a small town between Paris and Lille.
Nushka
Artist Nushka lives and works in Paris and has been painting for over 10 years. She studied Nushka painting in Detroit with the American artist Zawaki, who taught her the basics of painting, and Maggie Siner, who introduced her to the mechanics of flowers. She also studied with the artist Hashpa. Thanks to such a rich base, the artist's painting combines technical skill and style with contemporary themes.
Laurent Botella
Laurent studied painting at the Maithe Rovino workshop in Osson and at the Beaux Arts school in Toulouse. His paintings are made in impressionistic technique - and technique for Laurent is of paramount importance: composition and color scheme are aimed at emphasizing the plot component of the picture. Since 1991, Laurent Botella regularly participates in exhibitions and competitions, at which he has repeatedly received prizes and awards.
Laurent Dauptain
Laurent Doptain holds a master's degree in painting. The plot of his work is unusual: mostly the artist paints his own portraits, experimenting with various techniques. From time to time Laurent tries himself in other genres, but always returns to the auto-porter. Since 1981, Dopten has constantly exhibited, participated in various competitions many times and received numerous awards for his work, the most significant of which include the Grand Prix of the Salon Peintres de l "Armee, 2003, the Taylor Prize, 2001 and the gold medal. Salon painter of France, 1997.
Michel Delacroix
Michel Delacroix was born in 1933. His love of drawing dates back to the days of the German occupation of Paris. It is Paris, which even then remained Paris, is the hero of his paintings - the quiet, calm city of the artist's childhood. Delacroix experimented with styles for a long time, until he finally settled on the direction that became his signature - the "naive" style of painting. Delacroix has received numerous awards including the Grand Prix des Amateurs d'Art, Paris 1973, Grand Prix de la Cote d'Azur, Cannes, 1976, Premier Prix de Sept Collines, Rome, 1976, etc. His work can be found in several public and private collections, including the National Museum contemporary art in Paris and the International Museum of Naive Art.
Sylvestre Evrard
French artist Sylvester Evrard lives and works in Lille. Basically, the heroes of his paintings are people. The style and mood of the artist's paintings, in his own words, can be briefly characterized by the expression of André Malraux: “Art is the presence in life of what should belong to death”.
Patricia Perrier-Radix
Patricia's works are distinguished by lightness, ease and perfection. The artist does not stop in search of her style, constantly enriches her knowledge by studying various materials, but tends to work with acrylic and oil paint on canvas. Her paintings are surprisingly emotional - drawing characters without faces, Patricia masterfully conveys the slightest shades of feelings and moods with the precision of fleeting gestures and poses.
Henri Lamy
Contemporary French figurative painter Henri Lamy studied oil painting, but became fascinated by the spontaneity and spontaneity of acrylic, which enhances his work with sharp, expressive colors. Henri creates paintings dripping from a knife, the drips of which intertwine, connect and dry almost instantly. Close to these acrylic paintings can look like an abstraction and show their true face only to the viewer who has walked a couple of steps away.
Johanna Perdu
Joanna, also known as La D "Jo among her colleagues and art lovers, has a degree in fine arts and dedicated herself to him in all its diversity, from painting to photography. She draws her ideas from the world of entertainment: music, dance, theater, circus ... and in the center of her paintings there are always living creatures from this magical world. Today her paintings can be found in galleries around the world. Purdue's deliberately naive work has won the attention of critics and earned a lot of reviews from them, usually rave.
The French art school at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries can be called the leading European school, it was in France at that time that art styles such as Rococo, Romanticism, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism originated.
Rococo (French rococo, from rocaille - a decorative motif in the form of a shell) - a style in European art of the 1st half of the 18th century. Rococo is characterized by hedonism, a withdrawal into the world of idyllic theatrical play, an addiction to pastoral and sensually erotic subjects. The character of the Rococo decor has acquired emphatically graceful, sophisticated and sophisticated forms.Francois Boucher, Antoine Watteau, Jean Honore Fragonard worked in the Rococo style.
Classicism - style in European art of the 17th - early 19th centuries, a characteristic feature of which was the appeal to the forms of ancient art as an ideal aesthetic and ethical standard.Jean Baptiste Greuze, Nicolas Poussin, Jean Baptiste Chardin, Jean Dominique Ingres, Jacques-Louis David worked in the style of classicism.
Romanticism - style European art in the 18-19th centuries, the characteristic features of which were the assertion of the intrinsic value of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, the image of strong and often rebellious passions and characters.Francisco de Goya, Eugene Delacroix, Theodore Gericault, William Blake worked in the style of romanticism.
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Edouard Manet. Breakfast at the workshop. 1868 g. |
The birth of realism in painting is most often associated with the work of the French artist Gustave Courbet, who opened his personal exhibition "The Pavilion of Realism" in Paris in 1855, although even before him the artists of the Barbizon school Theodore Rousseau, Jean-Francois Millet, Jules Breton worked in a realistic manner ... In the 1870s. realism was divided into two main areas - naturalism and impressionism.
Realistic painting has become widespread throughout the world. The Wanderers worked in the style of realism of an acute social orientation in Russia in the 19th century.
Impressionism (from the French impression - impression) - a style in the art of the last third of the 19th - early 20th centuries, a characteristic feature of which was the desire to most naturally capture the real world in its mobility and changeability, to convey its fleeting impressions. Impressionism did not raise philosophical issues, but focused on the fluidity of the moment, mood and lighting. Life itself becomes the subjects of the Impressionists, like a line of small holidays, parties, pleasant picnics in nature in a friendly environment. The Impressionists were one of the first to paint in the open air, without finalizing their work in the studio.Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, Georges Seurat, Alfred Sisley and others worked in the style of impressionism.
Post-impressionism - a style of art that emerged at the end of the 19th century. The Post-Impressionists strove to freely and generally convey the materiality of the world, resorting to decorative stylization.Post-Impressionism gave rise to such areas of art as Expressionism, Symbolism and Art Nouveau.
Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne, Toulouse-Lautrec worked in the style of post-impressionism.
Let's take a closer look at impressionism and post-impressionism using the example of the work of individual masters of France in the 19th century.
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Edgar Degas. Self-portrait. 1854-1855 |
Starting with historical paintings and portraits that were strict in their composition, Degas in the 1870s became close to the representatives of impressionism and turned to the depiction of modern urban life - streets, cafes, theatrical performances.
In Degas's paintings, a dynamic, often asymmetrical composition, precise flexible drawing, unexpected angles, activity of interaction between figure and space are carefully thought out and verified.
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E. Degas. Bathroom. 1885 g. |
His favorite pastel technique allowed Edgar Degas to fully demonstrate his talent as a draftsman. Saturated tones and "shimmering" strokes of pastels helped the artist to create that special colorful atmosphere, that iridescent airiness that so distinguishes all his works.
In his mature years, Degas often turns to the topic of ballet. Fragile and weightless figures of ballerinas appear before the viewer either in the twilight of dance classes, or in the light of spotlights on the stage, or in short moments of relaxation. The seeming randomness of the composition and the impartial position of the author create the impression of a spy on someone else's life, the artist shows us the world of grace and beauty, without falling into excessive sentimentality.Edgar Degas can be called a subtle colorist, his pastels are surprisingly harmonious, sometimes delicate and light, sometimes built on sharp color contrasts. Degas' manner was remarkable for his freedom, he applied pastels with bold, broken strokes, sometimes leaving the tone of the paper showing through the pastel or adding strokes with oils or watercolors. Color in Degas's paintings arises from an iridescent radiance, from a streaming stream of iridescent lines that give birth to form.
Degas's later works are distinguished by the intensity and richness of color, which are complemented by the effects of artificial lighting, enlarged, almost flat forms, the tightness of space, giving them a tensely dramatic character. In that
period Degas wrote one of his best works- "Blue Dancers". The artist works here with large spots of color, giving priority to the decorative organization of the surface of the painting. By the beauty of color harmony and compositional solution, the painting "Blue Dancers" can be considered the best embodiment of the theme of the ballet by Degas, who achieved in this painting the ultimate richness of texture and color combinations.|
P.O. Renoir. Self-portrait. 1875 g. |
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P.O. Renoir. Paddling pool. 1869 g. |
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P.O. Renoir. Portrait of the actress Jeanne Samary. 1877 g. |
It should be noted that the use of green, yellow, ocher, pink and red tones for depicting skin shocked the public of that time, unprepared for the perception of the fact that shadows should be colored, filled with light.
In the 1880s, the so-called "Ingres period" begins in the work of Renoir. The most famous work of this period is "Big Bathers". To build a composition, Renoir first began to use sketches and sketches, the lines of the drawing became clear and definite, the colors lost their previous brightness and saturation, the painting as a whole began to look more restrained and colder.
In the early 1890s, new changes took place in Renoir art. In a pictorial manner, iridescence of color appears, which is why this period is sometimes called "pearlescent", then this period gives way to "red", so named because of the preference for shades of reddish and pink colors.
Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin (years of life 1848-1903) - French painter, sculptor and graphic artist. Along with Cezanne and Van Gogh, he was the largest representative of post-impressionism. He began to paint in adulthood, the early period of creativity is associated with impressionism. The best works of Gauguin were written on the islands of Tahiti and Hiva-Oa in Oceania, where Gauguin left the "vicious civilization". The characteristic features of Gauguin's style include the creation on large flat canvases of static and contrasting compositions in color, deeply emotional and at the same time decorative.In The Yellow Christ, Gauguin depicted a crucifixion against the backdrop of a typical French rural landscape, with a suffering Jesus surrounded by three Breton peasant women. The pacification spilled in the air, the calm submissive postures of women, the landscape saturated with sunny yellow color with trees in red autumn foliage, the peasant busy with his own affairs in the distance, cannot but come into conflict with what is happening on the cross. The environment contrasts sharply with Jesus, on whose face that stage of suffering is displayed, which borders on apathy, indifference to everything around him. The contradiction of the boundless torment accepted by Christ and the "invisibility" of this sacrifice by people - that's main topic this work of Gauguin.
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P. Gauguin. Are you jealous? 1892 g. |
on the shore, two sisters - they just bathed, and now their bodies are spread out on the sand in casual voluptuous positions - talking about love, one memory causes contention: “How? Are you jealous!".
In painting the luscious full-blooded beauty of tropical nature, natural people unspoiled by civilization, Gauguin portrayed a utopian dream of an earthly paradise, of human life in harmony with nature. Gauguin's Polynesian canvases resemble panels in terms of decorativeness of color, flatness and monumentality of composition, generalization of stylized drawing.
P. Gauguin. Where do we come from? Who are we? Where are we going? 1897-1898
The picture “Where did we come from? Who are we? Where are we going?" Gauguin considered the sublime culmination of his reflections. According to the artist's idea, the painting should be read from right to left: three main groups of figures illustrate the questions posed in the title. The group of women with a child on the right side of the picture represents the beginning of life; the middle group symbolizes the daily existence of maturity; in the extreme left group, Gauguin depicted human old age, the approach to death; the blue idol in the background symbolizes the other world. This painting is the pinnacle of Gauguin's groundbreaking post-impressionist style; in his style, a clear use of paints, decorative color and compositional solutions, flatness and monumentality of images with emotional expressiveness were combined.
Gauguin's work anticipated many features of the Art Nouveau style emerging during this period and influenced the formation of the masters of the Nabis group and other painters of the early 20th century.
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V. Van Gogh. Self-portrait. 1889 g. |
In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Arles, where the originality of his creative manner... A fiery artistic temperament, a painful impulse for harmony, beauty and happiness and, at the same time, fear of forces hostile to man, are embodied either in landscapes shining with sunny colors of the south ("The Yellow House", "Harvest. Valley of La Cros"), or in ominous images reminiscent of a nightmare ("Night Cafe Terrace"); dynamics of color and smear
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V. Van Gogh. Night cafe terrace. 1888 g. |
Van Gogh's strenuous work in recent years was accompanied by bouts of mental illness, which led him to a hospital for the mentally ill in Arles, then to Saint-Remy (1889-1890) and to Auvers-sur-Oise (1890), where he committed suicide. Creativity of two recent years the artist's life is marked by an ecstatic obsession, an extremely heightened expression of color combinations, abrupt changes in mood - from frenzied despair and gloomy visionary (“The Road with Cypresses and Stars”) to a quivering feeling of enlightenment and peace (“Landscape at Auvers after the rain”).
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V. Van Gogh. Irises. 1889 g. |
V. Van Gogh. Wheat field with crows. 1890 g.
"Wheat Field with Crows" - a painting by Van Gogh, painted by the artist in July 1890 and is one of his most famous works. The painting was supposedly completed on July 10, 1890, 19 days before his death in Auvers-sur-Oise. There is a version that Van Gogh committed suicide in the process of painting this picture (after going out to the open air with materials for drawing, he shot himself from a pistol, acquired to scare away flocks of birds, into the heart area, then independently reached the hospital, where he died from loss blood).
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