Group of 4. Musical Dictionary. How many people are in a musical ensemble

A musical ensemble is a collective of people engaged in common creativity. Most often, the ensemble brings together musicians. However, the team can also include people of other creative specialties: sound engineers, producers, songwriters, and other specialists.

How many people are in a musical ensemble?

Two to ten people. Depending on the number of participants, the ensemble may be called:

• Duet. The artistic collective is represented by two participants. The most famous duets include: Modern talking, OutKast, Roxette, Pet Shop Boys;
• Trio. Includes three performers-instrumentalists or singers. Distinguish between vocal, instrumental and instrumental-vocal ensembles. An instrumental trio can be homogeneous (for example, performers use exclusively bowed instruments) or mixed. The composition of the instruments is determined by the specifics of the music performed. So, a jazz trio most often includes a piano or guitar, double bass and drums. Notable trio ensembles: 30 Seconds to Mars, Depeche Mode, Nirvana. Russian groups: Factory, VIA Gra, Lyceum;
• Quartet. Consists of four musicians, vocalists, instrumentalists. Quartets are widespread in all musical genres: academic music, jazz, rock. Works for quartets were written by Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and many others famous composers... Fours such as The beatles, ABBA, Queen, Led zeppelin;
• Quintet. The second half of the 18th century is considered the time of the birth of string and wind quintets. Since that time, academic works for five musicians have been created in the form of sonata cycles. Vocal quintets successfully fit into the opera and cantata program. The following groups have gained worldwide fame: AC / DC, Spice Girls, Oasis, Scorpions, Deep purple, Sex Pistols;
• Sextet. Includes six performers;
• Septet: seven musicians, vocalists, instrumentalists;
• Octet. Famous bands, which included eight members, include: Guns N 'Roses, Chicago, The Doobie Brothers. Many jazz bands are octets;
• But no. A group of nine musicians, each of whom performs an independent part. The famous performing ensemble is the Czech Nonet. In jazz, the nonets of Miles Davis, Joe Lovano became famous;
• Decimet. A rare type of musical group, in which each of the ten privateers performs an independent part. Such chamber ensembles are a transitional stage to chamber orchestras.

Music has surrounded people for a long time. Until now, scientists have not determined the exact date of its origin. With the emergence of a new branch of history, music has developed, modified and improved. Each period of time had its own the most popular music groups... Fame came to many, but not everyone was remembered for a long time.

V modern world there is an opportunity to listen to works a large number musicians from different eras... A study was conducted by Sony to determine the most famous performers different generations. Based on the data obtained, we present a rating of the most popular musical groups of all times.

10. Red Hot Chili Peppers

Open our rating famous rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers, founded in 1983. Their name is translated into Russian as "Red Hot Chilean Peppers". Currently, the discography consists of 11 albums, the latest of which was "The Getaway" released in 2016.

Throughout its existence, the Red Hot Chili Peppers have received as many as 7 Grammy awards. More than 80 million people managed to buy copies of their albums, and this is not taking into account Internet sales. The most famous song is a song called "Snow (Hey oh)", released in 2006. Now the Red Hot Chili Peppers gather whole stadiums for their performances anywhere in the world.

9. ABBA

The next place goes to the musical group of all times and peoples "ABBA". It was founded by 4 talented musicians, two girls and two guys, back in 1972. It existed for only 10 years, but during this time it managed to win the hearts of many fans.

The peak of popularity came in the 80s and 90s. Then the group was considered a breeze new culture... The song "Happy New Year" is recognized by millions of people all over the world. ABBA recorded 8 studio albums which sold nearly 350 million listeners.

8. Cinema

The group, founded in the USSR by Viktor Tsoi, is familiar to every inhabitant of Russia. It was founded in 1981 by young like-minded people. Popularity brought the song "A Star Called Sun", recorded in 1989.

Throughout the history of its existence, the musicians managed to record 10 studio albums, one of which became posthumous. Viktor Tsoi suddenly dies while returning home after fishing. The causes of the car accident are still not known. Many are inclined to the version of the murder of the domestic rock star.

7. Nirvana

The seventh place in the rating of the most popular musical groups goes to the "Nirvana" collective. They have amassed entire stadiums of dedicated fans throughout their existence. The most popular song of Nirvana is the composition "Smells Like Teen Spirit".

In the period from 1987 to 1994, the musicians recorded only 3 studio albums. However, they have sold around 100 million copies. The group ceases to exist with the tragic death of vocalist Kurt Cobain. Contemporaries called their songs "the voice of a generation" of that time.

6. Boney M

A revolutionary group in the dance music genre. Recording their first studio album in 1975, Take The Heat Off Me, Boney M immediately explodes the disco dancefloor around the world.

It existed for 15 years and toured almost the entire globe with concerts. During this time, the musicians have recorded and released 9 albums, which have spread across all countries in the amount of 200,000,000 copies.

5. Led Zeppelin

The five leaders of the rating of the most popular bands of all time are opened by the collective "Led Zeppelin". It was founded in 1968 by The Yardbirds guitarist Jimmy Page. In the future, "Led Zeppelin" will be a stunning success.

Thanks to their talents, the musicians create a completely new sound with unusual vocals performed by Robert Plant. For 12 years of their existence, they have created 12 interesting albums.
The number of works sold is about 112 million copies in America alone. The group became the embodiment of many innovative ideas that will be used by many rock artists in the future.

4. BI-2

The fourth place is occupied by the well-known Russian group BI-2, the year of its foundation is considered to be 1988. The creative period of the musicians is divided into several stages: Belarusian, Israeli and Australian.

The popular rock group was created by two best friends, who are still such to this day, guitarist and backing vocalist Shura and vocalist Lyova. Unfortunately, only these guys were left from the main team of BI-2.
Now the group is over 30 years old, but they still remain in the hearts of Russian listeners. During this period, they managed to release 10 studio albums, the last of which was released in 2017 under the title "Event Horizon".

3. Queen

The third place in the rating goes to the popular rock band Queen. The musicians owe her birth to Freddie Mercury, a talented vocalist of all times. It was he who helped to reach such unprecedented heights.

After the first album called "Queen" in 1973, the group was noticed by a British producer. The musicians are finally known all over the world after the song "Bohemian Rhapsody". Initially, the recording studio was strongly against this composition.

Their popularity peaked after their performance at the Live Aid benefit concert. Millions of viewers around the world were able to enjoy the performance of Freddie Mercury and his team. The group has not yet broken up, even after the tragic death of the soloist from pneumonia.

2. The Rolling Stones

British musical group « The rolling Stones "is considered one of the best bands of all times and peoples. The date of foundation is 1962. She made significant innovations in the culture of that time.

On their account 28 studio albums sold in the amount of 250 million copies. The group exists to this day, now it is more than 50 years old. The Rolling Stones was founded by two best friends Mick Jagger and Keith Richardson, who began their creative way back in 1961.

1. The Beatles

The most popular musical group in history is a collective of musicians called "The Beatles". Probably, these guys are familiar to every person on planet Earth. Since 1960, the iconic musical group has begun its journey to worldwide fame.

Its line-up consisted of 4 guys from Liverpool. John Lennon and Paul McCartney became the most popular personalities of the time. However, their existence will not last long - only 10 years, but will remain in the memory of people forever.

"The Beatles" released only 13 studio albums, the last of which, titled "Let It Be", later became the most famous. Now Paul McCartney still performs with the songs of the famous group and collects whole stadiums.

Music lessons: Music Dictionary

A

A cappella - performance of a piece of music without instrumental accompaniment.

A chord is a simultaneous combination of several sounds.

Ensemble - a small group of musicians performing one piece ( from 2 to 8 people: from two - a duet, from three - a trio,

of four - a quartet, of five - a quintet, of six - a sextet, of seven - a septet, of eight - an octet)

Aria - a solo performance in an opera, a completed musical episode where the hero expresses his thoughts and feelings, and also given

characterization of the hero's image.

Alto - a low female and childish voice.

B

Ballet is a musical performance where everyone characters only dancing.

Baritone - a male voice of an average range.

Barcarole is a song on the water.

Bass - a low-range male voice.

Bach I.S. (1685-1750) - German composer of the Baroque era, considered one of the greatest composers in the history of music, author organ works, vocal music (Masses, cantatas, oratorios, passions - St. Matthew Passion), orchestral and chamber music(Brandenburg concerts, Italian concert), clavier works (Well-Tempered Piano score, Inventions, suites, etc.)

Beethoven L.V. ( 1770-1827) - German composer, conductor and pianist, one of the three "Viennese classics", key person western classical music in the period between classicism and romanticism, one of the most respected and performed composers in the world. He wrote in all genres that existed in his time, including opera, music for dramatic performances, choral compositions. The most significant in his heritage are instrumental works: piano, violin and cello sonatas, concertos for piano, violin, quartets, overtures, symphonies. Beethoven's work had a significant impact on the symphony of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Characteristic of creativity - heroism, struggle, victory.

Belcanto (Italian)- beautiful, wonderful singing.

Blues (from a combination of two words: "blue" - blue, "devl" - melancholy, blues) – folk song American blacks with a sad, sad shade. The blues were usually sung accompanied by a banjo or guitar.

V

Variation form- a form of music based on the repetition of the same theme with different variations.

Vocalise- genre of vocal music, song performed by voice without words (song without words)

Vocal music- music performed by voice ( genres of vocal music: song, romance, aria, vocalise, opera, oratorio, cantata, mass, requiem)

Vivaldi A. (1678-1741) - Venetian composer, violinist, teacher, conductor, Catholic priest, one of the largest representatives of the Italian violinist Art XVIII century, during his lifetime received wide recognition throughout Europe, the creator of the genre instrumental concert, author of 40 operas, most famous work is a series of 4 violin concertos "The Seasons".

G

Harmony (consonance)- means musical expressiveness, the chord chain accompanying the melody.

Gavrilin V.A. (1939-1999) - Soviet and Russian composer, author of symphonic and choral works, songs, chamber music, music for films.

Glinka M.I. (1804-1857)- Russian composer of the 19th century, the founder of Russian music, creator of the first Russian opera (Ivan Susanin) and the first symphonic work (Waltz-Fantasy).

Homophony is a type of polyphonic presentation in which one voice is the main one, and the rest play the role of accompaniment.

D

Two-part form - musical form consisting of music of two different characters(2 parts).

Debussy K. ( 1862-1918) - French composer, founder of impressionism in music, author of piano preludes, symphonic suite "Sea"

Jazz (English Jazz) - form musical art, which arose in the late XIX - early XX centuries in the United States as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures.

Dynamics - a means of musical expression, the power of sound.

Conductor ( French manage, lead) - the head of the learning and performance of ensemble (orchestral, choral, opera, etc.) music, who owns the artistic interpretation of the work, carried out under his control by the entire ensemble of performers.

Treble is a high children's voice.

Duet- an ensemble consisting of two performers.

Spiritual Concert- it is a polyphonic polyphonic vocal work for ichor soloists. In the genre spiritual concert wrote D. Bortnyansky, M. Berezovsky

Z

Znamenny chant- the main type of Old Russian liturgical singing. The name comes from the word banner (Old Russian "banner", that is, a sign).

Hook-like signs were used to record the chant. The peculiarity of its sound-male single-voice sounding a capella.

AND

Instrumental music- music performed on musical instruments (genres of instrumental music- sonata, symphony, concert, prelude, nocturne, suite, dance, march, etude, etc.).

Art is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images artistic means.

Impressionism ( French impression)- the direction in art of the last third of the XIX - early XX centuries, which originated in France and then spread throughout the world, whose representatives sought to most naturally capture the real world in its mobility and variability, convey their fleeting impressions. Usually, the term "impressionism" means a direction in painting, although his ideas also found their embodiment in literature and music.

TO

Chamber music is music intended to be performed in a small room by a small group of musicians.

Canon - two-part, in which one voice leads the melody, and the other catches up with it.

The cantata is a large vocal and symphonic work of a solemn character with soloists, a choir and a symphony orchestra.

Chapel -

• in the Middle Ages they called a choir that performed sacred music,
• a large choir group.

Kardeballet- a crowd scene in ballet.

Quartet - an ensemble of four people.

The quintet is an ensemble of five people.

Kikta V.G. (1941) - composer, professor of the Moscow Conservatory, author of the concert symphony "Frescoes of St. Sophia of Kiev"

Contralto - a low-range female voice.

Counterpoint is a type of polyphony, polyphony with the simultaneous sounding of several melodic lines that do not violate the general euphony.

Concert(competition) - a piece for a solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment.

Verse form - a form of music based on alternating lead and chorus used in the song genre

L

Lad - means of musical expression, the relationship of musical sounds, different in pitch (major mode - light sound, minor mode - darker)

Libretto (Italian book) - literary basis musical performances: A Brief Literary Plot ballet, opera, musical,

operettas)

Lyadov A.K (1855-1914) - Russian composer, created several symphonic miniatures (small pieces) on the subjects of Russian folklore, fairy-tale fiction (picture for Russian folk tale"Baba Yaga", fairy-tale picture "Magic Lake", folk tale "Kikimora")

M

Melody is a means of musical expression, the main idea a piece of music expressed by sound.

Mezzo-soprano is a middle-range female voice.

Mozart V.A.(1756-1799 ) - Austrian composer, violin virtuoso, harpsichordist, organist. Belongs to the most significant representatives of the Vienna classical school. The characteristic features of his work: sunshine, cheerfulness, grace, lightness. Works: 41 symphony, "Rondo in the Turkish style", symphonic suite"Little Night Serenade", operas ("The Marriage of Figaro", "Don Giovanni", "The Magic Flute"), Requiem

Musical form- construction of a piece of music based on the alternation of contrast and repetition (one-part form, two-part form, three-part form, native form, variation form, couplet form)

Musical image- creative reflection of reality in music. it is a living generalized idea of ​​reality, expressed in sounds, musical intonations.

Mussorgsky M.P. (1839-1881) - Russian composer, was a member of the community of Russian composers " Mighty bunch", the author of the operas" Khovanshchina "and" Boris Godunov ", the piano suite" Pictures at an Exhibition ", romances and songs

Musical ( English musical comedy) is a musical and stage work in which dialogues, songs, music are intertwined, choreography plays an important role. This is an entertaining performance that combines various genres of art - pop and everyday music, choreography and contemporary dance, drama and visual arts.

A miniature is a small piece.

N

Nocturne- musical composition painting images of the night.

O

Single part form - a musical form consisting of music of the same character (1 part)

Opera - (ital. labor, composition) a musical performance in which all the characters only sing.

The orchestra is a large group of instrumental musicians (symphony orchestra, brass band, jazz orchestra, orchestra of Russian folk instruments, chamber orchestra).

NS

Paganini N. (1782-1840) - Italian violinist and composer, author of Caprice №24.

Part singing ( from the words partes - voices) - a type of Russian polyphonic vocal music that became widespread in Orthodox worship in the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. Number of votes it can be from 3 to 12, and it can reach 48. Most characteristic genre of music, in which part singing is reflected, - part choir concert.

Song - genre of vocal music.

Pergolesi D. (1710-1736) - Italian composer, violinist and organist, representative of the Neapolitan opera school and one of the earliest and most important composers of the opera buffa ( comic opera), author of the cantata "Stabat mater".

Polyphony is a type of polyphonic presentation in which all voices are equal.

Program music- pieces of music in which ideas, images, plots are explained by the composer himself. the author's explanations can be given in the text - an explanation attached to the work, or in its title.

Prokofiev S. (1891-1953) - one of the largest and most performed composers of the 20th century (the cantata "A. Nevsky", the ballets "Cinderella" and "Romeo and Juliet", the operas "War and Peace" and "The Story of a Real Man", the symphonic tale "Peter and the Wolf" , 7 symphonies, piano miniatures "Fleetingness"

Prelude (introduction) - a short piece of music that does not have a strict form.

R

Rhapsody ( rhapsodist) - a wandering musician who glorifies his homeland) is a genre of instrumental music, a piece of music built in free form on the basis of folk melodies.

Rachmaninov S.V. (1873 - 1943) - Russian composer, virtuoso pianist and conductor, author vocal music- romances, choral works, operas; piano music- preludes, concerts, sonatas, etc .; symphonic music.

Register - means of musical expression, relative pitch of sounds, range.

Ragtime (ragged rhythm)- dance music of a special kind is an attempt by Negro musicians to use the cross rhythms of African music when performing polka, quadrille and other dances. It is a piano genre, founded by Scott Joplin.

Rhythm - means of musical expressiveness, regular alternation of sounds of different duration .

Romance - genre of vocal music, a piece of music for voice with an accompanying instrument, written on a small poem of lyrical content (love song). The romance reveals the feelings of a person, his attitude to life and nature.

Rondo is a musical form based on the alternation of a constantly repeating fragment and a new episode (refrain and episode)

Requiem(lat. peace)- a piece of music for a choir and orchestra.

Rimsky-Korsakov N.A. ( 1844-1908) - Russian composer, naval officer by profession, was a member of the Mighty Handful of Russian composers,

wrote 15 operas, most of them on a fairy tale plot (Sadko, Snegurochka, Golden Cockerel, etc.)

WITH

Sviridov G (1915-1998) - outstanding Soviet and Russian composer, pianist, student of Dmitry Shostakovich. He wrote vocal and instrumental music (musical illustrations for the novel "Snowstorm" by A.S. Pushkin, cantatas - "Poem to the Memory of S. Yesenin", "It is Snowing")

Symphony (consonance ) - a large instrumental multi-part work for a symphonic orchestra.

Sonata - a genre of chamber music for a solo instrument.

Symphony orchestra composition:

1. bowed string instruments- violin, viola, cello, double bass.
2. wind group - wooden wind instruments(flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon); brass instruments (trumpet, trombone, French horn, tuba).
3. percussion group - big and small drums, copper cymbals, triangle, bells, timpani, celesta.
4. a special place is occupied by the harp.

Orchestra of Russians folk instruments :

1. stringed plucked instruments- balalaika, domra, gusli, bass balalaika.
2. wind instruments- flute, horn, pity, birch bark, whistles.
3. shock group - tambourine, wooden spoons, rattle, box, xylophone, ruble.
4. the button accordion occupies a special place.

Soprano - high female voice

Means of Musical Expression(musical language of the piece)- intonation, melody, rhythm, tempo, dynamics, timbre, harmony, register, harmony, orchestration, character.

Sympho-jazz is a style that combines elements of jazz and light symphonic music.

Spirituals - songs of North American blacks with religious content, gospel songs (labor songs).

A suite is a piece of music consisting of several parts, united by a common name.

T

Timbre is a means of musical expression, color of sound.

Tempo is a means of musical expression, the speed of sound.

The tenor is a high-pitched male voice.

Three-part form- a musical form consisting of music of three characters (unrepeatabletripartite

form - ABC, repeated three-part form - ABA)

Have

Overture -

• an orchestral piece, an introduction to an opera, ballet, which prepares the listener, introduces the work into the atmosphere, into the circle of ideas and images
• an independent work of a programmatic nature, carrying the idea of ​​the name.

F

Fugue is the highest form of polyphony, a polyphonic composition based on one or more musical themes in all voices.

NS

Chorus - big a group of musicians-singers. The choir in the opera is a mass stage in the opera.

Chorale (choral chant)- monophonic chant, which was part of the divine service in the church of Western Europe.

Habanera is a Cuban folk dance, close to tango in its rhythm.

H

Tchaikovsky P.I. ( 1840-1893) - Russian composer, conductor, teacher, music and public figure, music journalist, considered one of the greatest composers in the history of music. Author of over 80 works, including ten operas and three ballets. His concerts and other works for piano, seven symphonies, four suites, programmed symphonic music (Overture-ntasia "Romeo and Juliet", ballets " Swan Lake"," Sleeping Beauty "," Nutcracker "represent an extremely valuable contribution to world musical culture.

Chesnokov P.G. (1877-1944) - Russian composer,choral conductor, author of widely performed sacred works.

Chyurlionis M.K. (1875-1911) - Lithuanian artist and composer; the founder of professional Lithuanian music.

NS

Chopin F. (1810-1849) - Polish composer, eminent pianist, founder of Polish music, ardent patriot of his homeland, music is imbued with intonations of Polish folk music. He wrote music for piano: mazurkas, polonaises, waltzes, nocturnes, preludes, etudes, etc.

Schubert F. (1797- 1828) - the German composer, the founder of romanticism, created a new type of songs (small musical scenes with a specific plot, in which the accompaniment is an active participant in the action) and a new vocal genre - a ballad.

When it comes to musical groups, many have associations with the female line-up, but we have many talented male groups that are wildly popular not only among girls, but also among the stronger sex. Today in our selection:

A post shared by MBAND (@ mband.official) on Oct 16, 2017 at 11:08 am PDT

2. Nerves

Ukrainian group "Nerves" from the first days of its creation, it won the army of Russian girls. Soloist and founder of the project Zhenya Melkovsky, he also writes articles for his hits. In 2014 "Nerves" received an award as the best musical group at Oops Choice Awards... This year the guys presented their fifth album entitled "The Dearest Man".

3.Quest Pistols

This group gained popularity in 2007 after performing on the Ukrainian program with the song "I'm tired". Exactly Quest Pistols overturned all ideas about what a real concert should be. All of their performances are incredible dance and infographic shows.

4. 5 seconds of summer

Boy band 5 seconds of summer originally from Australia. Four friends decided to record songs of famous musicians on video, and this caused a lot of positive emotions. So the guys decided that without own group and they cannot do with their songs.

5. Beasts

In 2001 Roman Bilyk moves to Moscow and creates the Beasts group. This group has been repeatedly recognized as the most popular and successful rock group in Russia. Well, who hasn't danced the song "Districts - Quarters" at the school disco ?! It is worth noting that the group has won success in Germany and the United States. Throughout the existence of the project, the group managed to win 9 times in the nomination Best Rock Band at the Muz-tv award.

A post shared by Group ZVERI (@zveri_official) on Sep 26, 2017 at 1:34 am PDT

6. One direction

Boy group One direction won all the girls with her love songs. And even though the project has now fallen apart, their songs are still heard on the radio, and the clips are played on television.

7.Mushrooms

Music video for the song "The ice is melting" got about 10 million views in the first week. The lines from this song were repeated by everyone, and funny parodies were filmed on the motive of the track, not excluding the famous TV show "Evening Urgant"... It is with this hit that we associate the group "Mushrooms", which in a couple of months became megapopular.

8. Friend's group

Alexey Vorobyov not only a talented artist, but also a professional producer. So he gave us a project "Friends", and although the project does not have many songs, they are all well-known and recognizable. It was the Friends group that recorded all the soundtracks for the series "Deffochonki" on the channel TNT.

A post shared by #Frendy Group (@frendy_official) on Oct 2, 2017 at 6:01 am PDT

9.Hands up

"Hands up" Is a Russian pop group that blew up all the charts of the 2000s. Not a single disco took place without dancing to their songs. The song became a real breakthrough for the group. "And he kisses you" From that time on, the guys began to actively tour Russia and the CIS countries.

A post shared by Sergey Zhukov (@sezhukov) on Sep 13, 2017 at 6:04 am PDT

10. One republic

American rock band One republic known to all for her melodious songs that the whole world listens to. Probably, there is no such person who was indifferent to their songs.