The plan is the state's concern for the preservation of spiritual values. Presentation - the family is the custodian of spiritual values. Technological map on the foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia on the topic "State concern for the preservation of spiritual values" (5th grade

Konev Ivan Stepanovich (1897 - 1973) - Marshal of the USSR, twice Hero of the USSR.

The outstanding Soviet military leader I.S.Konev, who passed and seriously showed his military leadership talent during.

early years

Ivan Stepanovich Konev was from a poor peasant family who lived in a small village in the Vologda province, where he was born on 12/28/1897.

After school, he graduated from college, and for some time worked in forestry. Having reached the age of 19, he was drafted into the tsarist army.

At first he studied at the military academy, and then was sent to the front, where he fought with the rank of non-commissioned officer against the Germans and Austro-Hungarians.

After the end of the First World War, Konev returned home, where he was appointed military commissar in the Nikolsky district and worked in the local executive committee, actively working to establish a new, Soviet power.

In the Civil War

Already having military experience, with the beginning Civil war Konev went to the Red Army, enrolled as a volunteer, and was sent to the eastern front. There he began his career growth: the commissar of an armored train, an infantry brigade, then a division, and after that the army headquarters at Far East.

In battles with Kolchakites, White Guard detachments and Japanese interventionists, Konev gained military experience, after which he took part in the suppression of several White Guard revolts.

Study and service

Being a purposeful person, in 1926, Ivan Stepanovich enrolled in refresher courses for officers at the Military Academy. Frunze, and a few years later he graduated from this Academy.

I.S. Konev with soldiers photo

Having received a professional military education, Konev went to serve in the Trans-Baikal District, where he successfully continued his career: at first he was a regiment commander and grew up to be the commander of the entire Trans-Baikal Military District. In 1938 he received the next rank of commissar, and one year later he became a commander of the second rank.

In

From the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War I.S.Konev became one of the leading commanders of our army. His knowledge and experience were the key to his successful command of army troops on different fronts (Western, Kalinin, North-Western, Stepnoy, 1 and 2 Ukrainian).

He led major military operations to defeat the Nazis in Ukraine, near Kalinin, in Poland he liberated Krakow and Auschwitz (Auschwitz), reached Berlin. But not everything went smoothly in his military biography of these years. There were also severe failures.

On the way to Moscow, the fascist group "Center" dealt a powerful blow to us near Vyazma, and as a result, more than half a million people found themselves trapped in the "cauldron". In fact, this defeat is considered the largest in all the years of the Great Patriotic War. Stalin ordered an investigation, and Konev, the commander of the operation, was threatened with execution.

But, fortunately, the circumstances of the case allowed G.K., the Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief, to protect Konev from the tribunal. There was another failed operation - Rzhevskaya, after which Konev was deprived of command of the front. Ivan Stepanovich was very upset by all these events. But he continued to fight.

Ivan Stepanovich Konev on the front photo

A year after the Rzhev tragedy, in the summer of 1943, the famous one happened, in which Konev showed real military foresight and talent. He led the largest tank battle in the history of war during the battles on the Kursk Bulge. It was a decisive victory. So Konev restored his reputation as a military leader. And from that time on, he no longer knew defeat.

After the Kursk Bulge, he received the high military rank of General of the Army, in February 1944 - Marshal of the Soviet Union, in July 1944 became a Hero of the Soviet Union, and on June 1, 1945 he was awarded this title for the second time.

Personal life

It is known that he met his wife Anna Konev during the Civil War, lived with her for 20 years, and then the couple divorced for reasons that were not fully understood. They say that Anna loved noisy parties, often threw them at home, but Konev did not like it, because at home he preferred to relax in peace and quiet.

His daughter wrote wonderful memories of her father, where she traced all of his life path, told many details of their family life. Ivan Stepanovich Konev died in 1973, having lived a difficult life at a combat post.

Soviet commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), Hero of Czechoslovakia (1971), Hero of the MPR (1971).

Ivan Stepanovich Konev was born on December 16 (28), 1897 in the family of Stepan Ivanovich Konev, a peasant in the village of Nikolsky district of the Vologda province (now in). In 1912 he graduated from the Nikolo-Pushhemskoe zemstvo school in a neighboring village, worked as a timber rafter.

In the spring of 1916 I.S.Konev was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army. Was in the reserve regiment in, then studying in the heavy artillery brigade in. In 1917 he was promoted to junior non-commissioned officers and sent to the 2nd separate artillery division on the South-Western Front. He took part in the battles of the First World War in 1914-1918. He was demobilized in December 1917 and returned to his native village.

In 1918 I.S.Konev joined the RCP (b). In February 1918, he was elected a district military commissar in the city of the Vologda province, headed the district party committee and a revolutionary volunteer detachment. As a delegate to the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets on July 5-6, 1918, he took part in suppressing the revolt of the Left Social Revolutionaries in.

In the second half of 1918, I.S.Konev achieved enrollment in the Red Army. He was the commander of a marching company on the Eastern Front, the commander of a spare artillery battery, the military commissar of armored train No. 102 on the Eastern Front. Together with the crew of the armored train, he passed the battle path from to, participated in battles against the troops of the admiral, ataman G.M. Semenov and the Japanese interventionists. Since 1921, he served as the military commissar of the rifle brigade in the 2nd Verkhneudinsk rifle division, the military commissar of this division, the military commissar of the headquarters of the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic.

After the end of the Civil War in the Far East, from December 1922, he was the military commissar of the 17th Primorsky Rifle Corps. From August 1924 he was the commissar and head of the political department of the 17th Nizhny Novgorod rifle division. In 1926 he graduated from the advanced training courses for higher command personnel at the Military Academy. v . Since 1926, he commanded the 50th Red Banner Rifle Regiment as part of the 17th Nizhny Novgorod Rifle Division. In January-March 1930, he served as the city's military commandant. Since March 1930, he was assistant commander of the 17th Nizhny Novgorod Infantry Division.

In 1934, I.S.Konev graduated from the Military Academy of the Red Army named after. In 1934-1936 he served as commander and military commander of the 37th rifle division in the Belarusian Military District, in 1936-1937 - the 2nd Belarusian rifle division in the same district. In July 1937, he was appointed senior adviser to the Mongolian People's Army, and when, at the beginning of 1938, Soviet troops in Mongolia were united into the 57th Special Rifle Corps, I.S.Konev became its commander. From July 1938, he commanded the 2nd Red Banner Army, stationed in the Far East. In June 1940, with the rank of lieutenant general, he became commander of the troops of the Trans-Baikal Military District, in January 1941 he was transferred to the North Caucasian Military District.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, I.S.Konev was appointed commander of the 19th Army on the Southwestern and Western Fronts. In September-October 1941, with the rank of colonel-general, he commanded the troops of the Western Front, where he suffered a severe defeat under. To investigate the causes of the front disaster and punish the commander, a commission of the State Defense Committee, headed by V.M. Molotov and I. I. S. Konev was saved from trial and a possible execution by assisting in his appointment as deputy commander of the Western Front. As commander of the Kalinin Front, he successfully acted during the counteroffensive under. From August 1942 to February 1943, IS Konev again commanded the Western Front, took part in Operation Mars and unsuccessfully carried out the Zhizdrinsky operation, for which he was removed from his post as front commander.

Subsequently, I.S.Konev commanded the troops of the North-Western Front (March-June 1943), the Steppe Military District (June-July 1943). In the Battle of Kursk, the troops of the Steppe Front also liberated Kharkov. Since October 1943, General of the Army I.S.Konev commanded the 2nd Ukrainian Front. At the head of his troops, he conducted the Nizhnedneprovskaya, Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya, Kirovograd, Uman-Botoshanskaya offensive operations. On March 26, 1944, the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front were the first to reach the state border of the USSR.

In January 1944, I.S.Konev was awarded the military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. From May 16, 1944 until the end of the war, he commanded the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front. In July-August, they defeated Army Group Northern Ukraine of Field Marshal E. von Manstein in the Lvov-Sandomierz operation and captured the Sandomierz bridgehead. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 29, 1944, Marshal of the Soviet Union I.S.Konev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the skillful leadership of the front forces in major operations in which strong enemy groupings were defeated.

In the fall of 1944, the 1st Ukrainian Front carried out the Carpathian-Duklin operation, entering the territory of Czechoslovakia. In 1945, the front's troops took part in the Vistula-Oder, Lower Silesian, Upper Silesian, Berlin and Prague operations. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 1, 1945, IS Konev was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

In 1945-1946 I.S.Konev was the Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Forces and the High Commissioner for Austria. In 1946-1950 he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces and the Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR. From March 1950 to November 1951 I.S.Konev was the chief inspector Soviet army- Deputy Minister of War of the USSR. From November 1951 to March 1955, he commanded the troops of the Carpathian Military District. From May 1956 to June 1960, the Marshal served as the 1st Deputy Minister of Defense - Commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact member states.

From June 1960 to August 1961, I.S.Konev was the Inspector General of the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense. From August 1961 to April 1962, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. In April 1962, the Marshal returned to the post of Inspector General of the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

In 1939-1952 I.S.Konev was a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), in 1952-1973 he was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the first eight convocations (1937-1973).

Among the awards of Marshal of the Soviet Union I. S. Konev - the Order "Victory", 7 orders

"Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values."

- to summarize the study of the topic, determining different kinds activities in the spiritual sphere;

- the formation of a stable interest in independent search and analysis of social science problems;

- formation of skills of independent creative work students;

- the formation of the concepts of "spiritual values" and " spiritual world personality ”;

- moral education.

Equipment:

- thematic videos;

- multimedia encyclopedias “Hermitage. Art Western Europe"And" Louvre. Great Encyclopedia of Painting ”;

- handouts (excerpts from periodicals).

Epigraph:

"If there were no arts and sciences, there would be no man and human life." L.N. Tolstoy.

Lesson plan.

Qualified interview on the topic: "Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values".

I. The role of museums in the preservation and dissemination of spiritual values.

II. The role of libraries in human life.

III. School in our life.

IV. Why are archives needed?

V. The role of the media in the formation of human spiritual culture.

Each attendee is given a student assessment rating, which is read out by the teacher before starting work. (See Appendix 1) In the course of work, each of the participants can score from 5 to 7 points (equivalent to "excellent") and 3-4 points (equivalent to "good").

Teacher: Let's get to work.

The class is pre-divided into creative groups. Each of them received their own assignment, prepared for 2 weeks and today offers us their own vision of the problem.

Group 1. Task.

1. Analyze the work (functions) of the city local history museum.

2. Give a reasoned answer to the question whether museums are needed in schools.

3. Based on your own impressions and materials from additional sources (the Hermitage encyclopedia, reproductions and photographs), formulate a conclusion.

A group performance follows.

Students share what they have learned about museums. The museum is a "repository of relics" (Vietnamese term). Today there are over 12 thousand of them in the world. A museum is not only a collection of valuables, but also expositions, exhibitions, excursions. Millions of people annually enrich their knowledge by visiting museums. Of course, it is difficult for residents of a small town to visit the Louvre or the Hermitage. But even this is possible today with the help of computer technology.

The student demonstrates how you can use the mouse to travel through the halls of the Hermitage. The group members visited the city museum of local lore and the school history hall, about which they also presented a report.

The conclusion of the group: museums are diverse in their profile and are not only a repository of values, but also carry out a great educational work on the dissemination of spiritual values.

Teacher: Summing up, it can be noted that museums are doing a lot of scientific work, restoration of cultural monuments, many excursions are held every day.

Well, if a visit to the Hermitage, the Louvre is a dream for us, then there are wonderful places nearby.

The teacher draws attention to the "Traveling around the native land" fold-out stand.

Group 2. Task.

1. Interview the director of the CLS based on the following questions.

A. What is CLS?

B. What is a library?

Q. Are libraries needed today, when every family is able to buy any book in a bookstore, to build their own home library?

D. What do you need to know to use the library?

E. Tell us about the people working in the library.

F. How to become a librarian? What other specialists work in the library?

2. Make a conclusion about the role of the library in our life.

In their performance, the group uses a video recording of an interview they conducted with the library staff.

As part of their assignment, the group visited the library and talked to the library staff.

The library first appeared in the 7th century. BC. at the court of the Assyrian king Ashurbanapal and consisted of clay “books”. Today, such an institution is the main cultural center in the city. The library network is enormous. There are several halls in the city library, and employees of the library system are happy to visit the city's schools with presentations of new literature. There are many schoolchildren among the readers. The largest library in our country is located in Moscow. It is called the Russian State, and books in many languages ​​of the world are stored there.

Teacher: So, the book plays a huge role in our life, and the library helps a person to preserve and disseminate spiritual values. The most massive audience that perceives spiritual values ​​is hundreds of millions of newspaper and magazine readers, radio listeners, television viewers, i.e. those who are constantly influenced by the media.

Let's do some practical work.

On the tables: clippings from the Trud-7 newspaper with articles “What made you happy or saddened by the TV screen last week,” TV programs.

Practical work.

Teacher: The influence of art on the formation of beliefs is well known. But, perhaps, works of so-called mass culture, in particular advertising, play an equally important role in this.

"Always loved, always with you!"

Question: What do you think it is about?

But this is about "friendship": "If we had a friend, we will find some leisure."

This is the signature on a bottle of vodka next to the figure of a man. Moreover, the bottle is depicted in human height.

Task I.

Analyze the methods of influencing the psyche of such advertising. What moral values ​​does it focus on?

Task II.

Determine the role of the media in the formation of spiritual values ​​using:

a) personal impressions, according to the scheme:

What I like / What I don't like

c) TV programs.

Teacher: In the meantime, this group is working, let's listen to groups 3 and 4.

Group 3. Task.

1. Conduct interviews with teachers, parents, students, asking them one question: "What role does school play in your life?"

2. Become a teacher in the classroom and then present your impressions in the form of an essay "Teacher activities in the classroom."

3. Draw conclusions about the function of the school, based on the law "On Education".

A group performance follows.

School plays an important role in every person's life. It makes the greatest contribution to the dissemination of spiritual values ​​in terms of coverage of people and of national importance.

The teacher who leads the path of knowledge remains in the hearts of the students. Conversations with parents, acquaintances, peers, questioning helped the children to clearly identify the conclusion that the school and the teacher are the main guardians and disseminators of spirituality. The work of a teacher is not easy. The guys were convinced of this, having attended lessons in primary grades.

During the lesson, fragments from the memories of the school of pupils of different years were sounded.

Teacher: The school, especially the teacher, makes the greatest contribution to the dissemination of spiritual values ​​in terms of coverage of people and of national importance.

“But to give students a spark of knowledge,- wrote one of the famous teachers, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, - the teacher needs to absorb the whole sea of ​​light”.

Group 4 found out why the archives are needed. The guys visited the city archive, the archive of the city museum, looked into the secret of what is stored in the home archive.

What did the archive tell us about?

A group performance follows.

To find out what an "archive" is, the students of this group managed to meet with the workers of the city archive. Archives are a place where documents, both the most ancient and very recent, are stored. The head of the archive explained how the archives are replenished and taught the children how to collect materials for a home archive. Interestingly, many students' homes contain family heirlooms and photographs that are worthy not only of a place in an archive, but also in a museum. At the request of the group members, classmates brought family relics to the lesson. Thus, archives play an important role in the preservation of cultural heritage.

Teacher: The memory of the human heart remembers a lot. And archives are those islands of memory that, as if from broken pieces, put together a favorite image in our memory.

The assignment was given earlier.

The results of practical work are heard.

Mass media today gather the most massive audience - hundreds of millions of readers of newspapers and magazines, radio listeners, TV viewers. It is with the help of the media that we can become familiar with the cultural heritage that has become the national heritage of classical theatrical performances and films, visit the Hermitage, and travel around the world. But, of course, you need to be demanding in the selection of information provided by the media.

Teacher: Theatrical performances and films that have become classics are an undoubted national treasure. Shows from museums, concerts instill in us a high aesthetic taste. Without much difficulty, we, living in the outback, can touch the treasury of world art through modern information technologies. And how bad taste hurts our souls, the replication of “soap operas” and advertisements that have filled our screen today. The fight against this evil must be waged together.

Conclusion.

Teacher: So, what is the result of our work. Most importantly, we have proven that the creation, preservation and dissemination of cultural values ​​are aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of humanity. A person is spiritual insofar as he ponders this question and seeks to get an answer to it.

The spiritual activity of people is diverse, everyone has a wide choice of its forms and types. And what kind of values ​​a person prefers depends largely on what he is like.

Finishing today's lesson, I would like to thank everyone for the creative, fruitful work.

Grades are given on the basis of the "Discussion Grade Sheet".

Routing a lesson that implements the Federal State Educational Standard

(The lesson of "discovering" new knowledge (studying new topic))

Item - Fundamentals of Spiritual and Moral Culture peoples of Russia

Class -5

Lesson topic - "State concern for the preservation of spiritual values"

Target : Create conditions for the formation of ideas about spiritual values ​​and their impact on the life of society.

Planned educational outcomes

Subject

Metasubject

Personal

I will be able to

Explain the role of the state in preserving cultural heritage,

Name the monuments of history and culture of the peoples of Russia,

Define concepts:

Spiritual values,

Mercy

Compassion

Kindness

Responsiveness

Will continue to form

Ability to search for basic and additional information in educational literature, the Internet, libraries and museums, to process it in accordance with the topic and cognitive tasks, - to present the results of their creative search work.

Ability to solve creative and problematic tasks, develop logical thinking.

Fostering love for the Motherland, respect for the peoples inhabiting it, their culture and traditions. Respect for your native culture

Striving for the development of intellectual, moral, aesthetic needs,

Keeping motivated to learning activities, a positive attitude to the process of cognition.

Lesson vocabulary: Spiritual values.Mercy. Compassion. Kindness. Responsiveness.

Lesson resources: Vinogradova NSF "Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" textbook, projector, work. sheet.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE LESSON

Lesson stage

Teacher activity

Student activities

Stage 1. Org. moment

Self-control of students' readiness for the lesson (textbooks, notebooks, writing utensils)

Stage 2. Motivation

Constitution Russian Federation

Article 44.

2.-Everyone is obliged take care O preserving historical and cultural heritage,cherish monuments of history and culture.

What do you thinkmain words sounds in this article?

Who should do this?

Formulate the topic of the lesson.

Questions to study

Stage 3. Knowledge update

Stage 4.

Goal setting

and planning

After studying this topic, you will be able to:

Talk about the role of the state in the preservation of cultural heritage,

Distinguish between cultural buildings of different religions,

Name the monuments of history and culture of the peoples of Russia.

Understand the value of spiritual culture.

Plan

1. State concern for the preservation of spiritual values.

2. The revival of spiritual values.

3. The symbol of valor and glory of the people is the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

4. Objects of cultural heritage.

Stage 5. "Discovery" of new knowledge (learning a new topic)

1. Text of the textbook. page 129 Question.

To preserve the spiritual values ​​of the Russian people -mercy, compassion, kindness, responsiveness - it is necessary to combine the efforts of the state and public organizations, including religious ones. Today the state recognizes the special role of traditional religions in the development of the spiritual and moral culture of Russia. It protects the human right to profess any religion. Today in our country monuments of spiritual heritage are being restored, churches, monasteries, mosques, synagogues are being built. Thousands of pilgrims visit the holy places every year. All these facts testify to the revival of the spirituality of Russia, to the desire of our state to preserve the eternal values ​​that were developed by previous generations of Russians.

(Spiritual values - this is a set of moral, religious, moral, ethical convictions of a person, which are significant for him)

What spiritual values ​​of the Russian people are mentioned in the text?

What do these words mean?

(Mercy- Willingness to help someone. or forgive someone. out of compassion, philanthropy. Show M.

Compassion - Pity, sympathy, caused by someone else. misfortune, grief. S. to orphans. Do something. fromcompassion .

Kindness - emotional disposition towards people, the desire to do good to others.

Responsiveness - this is cordiality, sympathetic attitude, sensitivity,sensitivity

What is needed to preserve spiritual values?

(to combine the efforts of the state and society)

What facts testify to the revival of eternal spiritual values?

(restoration of monuments of spiritual heritage)

page 129 Question

2. The state takes care of the preservation of spiritual culture and its development. There is a mutual work of the state, public and religious organizations.

The restoration of monuments of religious culture on the territory of Russia is being actively carried out.

Textbook p130-132.

Students speak on this issue.

, , .

Church of the Nativity of the Virgin

with. Gutorovo 1775

S. Kutafino. Church of the Tikhvin Mother of God. 1816-1826, 1878-1881

S. Shakhovo. c. Holy Life-Giving Trinity 1845

S. Retyazhi. Church of the Renewal of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ. 1765 g.

-The parish of the Holy Elias Church

(v. Apalkovo)

Restoration of St. Elias Church

3. Why and why are so many temples being restored, built?

Patriarch Kirill spoke about this after the Divine Liturgy at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Paris on December 4, 2016:

“Because we have gone through a historical lesson that no nation has gone through. And we do not explain our actions, for everyone who knows our history understands that, as a people, we were saved only because we preserved the faith. "

. -What temple will we talk about?

Oh Cathedral of Christ the Savior, you again

You stand, having risen to the former heights!

My enthusiastic word to you,

An ecstatic flight of my soul!

How majestic and how beautiful you are

In unthinkable beauty

Golden crosses and domes and towers,

Figures and walls in their snowy purity!

How the hand of the crafty "creators" went up

Blowing you up is the sanctuary of Christ

Museum of the great Borodino glory,

Here, created by the will of the Creator?

Praise be to Him and to all who by the will of God

Once again I presented this Temple to Russia!

And let the road lead us all here

To divine speaking lips!

Russia to be, and to be reborn again

Her great righteous deeds!

The key to this is the rising in the capital

Christ the Savior, the majestic Temple!

So, children, what kind of temple are we talking about? (about the Cathedral of Christ the Savior)

watching the video.

In 1931, the temple-monument of Military Glory, the main temple of Russia, ceased to exist. Only in the late 80s of the 20th century was a fundraising campaign launched to restore the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. In the archives, they found the drawings according to which the architect Konstantin Ton worked.

And so in 1994-1997, the Great Temple, the Main Temple of the Russian Orthodox Church, Temple-memorial, Temple-martyr-Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Years have passed. Began to revive in Russia Orthodox faith and culture. And the Cathedral of Christ the Savior rose up in the first-called beauty!

Worksheet.

Textbook pp133-134.

Game "7 sentences".

4. Monuments of spiritual heritage are being restored in our country. Old mansions, museums, temples, reserves, palaces were taken under special protection of the state.

The "State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of the Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation" was created.

The state, society and every person should take care of the preservation of spiritual values.

Cultural heritage sites ( and) - objects real estate (including objects of archaeological heritage) and other objects with territories historically associated with them, works, , , objectsandand other items of material culture,arising from historical events, representing from the point of view of history,, , , , science and technology,, or, social cultureand are evidence of eras and , true sources of information about the origin and development of culture .

, including the territory with the monuments of history and culture located on it (Oryol region) -

Textbook p. 135. Make up the "Rules of conduct in the museum" (for example, visiting the school museum of local lore NS Leskov).

Enter into dialogue.

They offer their generalization and answer options.

Working with an assignment 1.

Children's answers.

Work with task 2.

Performing.

Work with the dough.

Work with an assignment in a worksheet.

Stage 6. Incorporation of new knowledge into the knowledge system (consolidation)

The state, society and every person should take care of the preservation of spiritual values.

What are spiritual values?

What is the concern of the state and public organizations for the protection of spiritual values?

What should we do today to preserve spiritual values.

7 stage. Reflection and assessment

Test.

Stage 8. Homework

Homework.

find out what churches are in our region; which of them have been restored and which are yet to be restored. Name the temples, the restoration of which is ongoing.

Church of the Icon of the Mother of God " Burning bush"in the city of Dyatkovo

This temple was called the eighth wonder of the world, because nowhere in the world there are such iconostases as in the neopalimov church in the city of Dyatkovo, Bryansk region. The entire iconostasis of this temple is made of crystal. In 1810 it was built by the owner of the local crystal factory Maltsov. Not only the heavy, graceful work of the crystal iconostasis, "as if floating in the air," but also crystal chandeliers and chandeliers, unique candlesticks made of multi-layer and multi-colored glass with a height of a man's height adorned the church until 1929. The amazing temple was destroyed, but some parts of its decoration were hidden in the Dyatkovo museum. In 1990, the destroyed temple was rebuilt, and local glassblowers, using the surviving drawings from 200 years ago, more than a year made thousands of parts for its decoration. The restoration of the iconostasis required several tons of crystal, and not simple, but alloyed with lead - such an alloy is used to make the most expensive dishes. The Neopalimov temple inside seems both icy and iridescent: mirrors are placed under the crystal plates on the walls, which gives the effect of an iridescent glow.

Original ideas, scientific discovery, novel or painting can be lost forever or remain unknown, and then they will not carry any influence on people. Imagine how mankind would have become impoverished, I would not have known ancient mythology, if the Egyptian pyramids "painting. Rublev, works. T. Shevchenko or mysterious. Mona. Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci, how would the view of Kiev without a monument have faded. . Bogdo na. Khmelnitsky or. Sophia Cathedral. Who contributes to the preservation and dissemination of spiritual wealth? Touristic-historical and natural-scientific values. Let's start with museums "Their essence was first well revealed by the ancient Vietnamese term" bao i ", which means relics "With the development of museums (now there are more than 12 thousand of them in the world) have become not only collections of values" but thanks to their expositions, exhibitions "Excursion 1" a serious source of knowledge replenishment for millions of visitors.

Museums are diverse in their profile: historical (including archaeological "ethnographic, etc.), art" literary, natural history (botanical, geological, etc.), technical. In Ukraine and other countries, there are many amateur (created on a voluntary basis) museums, these are museums of the history of educational institutions, military units, enterprises.

The words "repository" and "distribution" refer to libraries as well. The oldest of them appeared many centuries before the invention of printing: in the middle of the 7th century BC, at the court of the Assyrian king. Ashurbanipal was removed from the library of "clay books" With the development of book printing, the role of libraries as the most important means of promoting more and more people to master scientific, literary, spiritual values ​​has steadily increased. The network of libraries is huge: from small - personal, school, city - to the most book-holdings.

The word "archive" (translated from lat - letter-holding) is often associated with something very ancient and distant from life. Archives, like libraries, have been known for a long time. Archives are a place of storage of documents, in one way or another, the most ancient, and very recent times. The collection of archival sources is intended for scientific research, for practical purposes. The archives are continuously replenished, because new evidence about the activities of individuals, organizations, and government agencies is accumulating every day. There are small archives (for example, the archive of the plant, where documents about its employees are kept) and gigantic, according to which you can investigate much that has not yet been recognized, or restore the truth, which has been hidden for a long time. So, thanks to archival searches, it was possible to make public the previously classified treaties (for example, the secretary. Etna protocol signed by. Molotov and. Ribbentrop on the eve of the Second World War). During the restoration of ancient Ukrainian cities, destroyed by the Nazis in the years. Great. World War II, data on the architectural features and the size of the restored structures and cultural monuments were used. Ancient messages stored in the archives about certain natural phenomena helped geologists of the XX century to find a circle of greasy reserves of minerals (oil, gas, etc.). Archival certificates help citizens to confirm some of their rights (for example, certificates of work experience affect the size of the pension).

Thus, archives, libraries, museums are not only repositories; the ancient Egyptians called them "houses of life", emphasizing the important role of these institutions in the preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. Museums, and archives and libraries are the property of the people, they should be accessible to everyone.

The effectiveness of the spiritual and practical activities carried out by museums, libraries, archives largely depends on the "pilot" who paves the way for the visitor, the reader, to knowledge. These "glamor pilots" are tour guides, librarians, archivists.

The aphorism “to look does not mean to see” reminds of one of the fundamental tasks of a museum worker - to teach “to see”, that is, to reveal the essential features of the exposition, thus obtaining the maximum information contained in it. Consider, for example, visiting art gallery... Of course, being alone with the picture, everyone feels its aesthetic poured out. But often, much remains not understood as a whole through poor acquaintance with the subject (for example, with stories on biblical topics), due to insufficiently clear perception artistic style, its features. In such cases, the guide's explanations are very valuable.

In libraries, it is very difficult to orientate in the world of books, in case the librarian's advice helps to choose the right path to meet the needs of the reader, to shape his interests and tastes.

The school, first of all the teacher, makes the largest contribution to the dissemination of spiritual values ​​in terms of its reach of people and of national importance. Let us recall the wide public sense words "teacher" :: this is a thinker, leads people along the path of knowledge and helps them to form their views, seek and find their way of life. It is the teacher who is a living source of knowledge and skills for children and young people, a bearer of relay races and times, he spreads, passes on to new generations the most important, valuable and humanly significant from what has been accumulated by science, technology, art from ancient times to the present day. The teacher seeks to lay the foundations for understanding the modern system of scientific knowledge, develops, about the world, man, society.

The mass audience perceives spiritual values ​​- these are hundreds of millions of readers of newspapers and magazines, radio listeners, TV viewers, that is, those who are constantly influenced by the media

The undoubted national heritage is the classical theatrical performances and films, the reproduction of which by television means acquaints new generations with the art of the people of Ukraine and various foreign countries.