Flag riddle for children is short. Symbols of Russia riddles. Finger gymnastics "Russian family"
Moscow has been under construction for centuries.
Moscow is the heart of Russia.
Those who have not been to Moscow have never seen beauty.
The entire Russian land is visible from the Kremlin.
All rivers flow into the sea, all roads lead to Moscow.
Mother Moscow is white-stone, golden-headed, hospitable, Orthodox, talkative.
Moscow is crowded and baked.
Our town is a corner of Moscow.
They speak in Moscow, but listen all over the country.
Moscow is a mile away, but close to my heart.
There is a holiday in Moscow every day (in many churches).
Moscow - Mother to all cities.
Not Moscow, sovereign decree, sovereign of Moscow.
Moscow is a kingdom, the village is a paradise.
Moscow is crowded and baked.
The mother-Moscow road: you can't buy for gold, you can't take it by force.
From Moscow, as you can see everything from a big mountain
Those who have not been to Moscow have never seen beauty.
Glorious is Moscow for its kalachi, Petersburg for its barbel.
The ground shook from the Borodino cannon near Moscow.
There is no such thing as grain failure in Moscow.
The spark ignited Moscow.
Moscow has been under construction for centuries.
In Moscow, the rolls are hot like fire.
The whole city is proud of Moscow - the capital.
Moscow is famous for its brides, bells and rolls.
Zamoskvorechye, Luzhniki,
And Likhobory and Plyushchikha,
Fili, Potylikha, Palikha,
Butyrsky farm, Putinki,
And the Bird Market, and the Pinch,
And Sivtsev Vrazhek, and Olkhovka,
Yamskoe Pole, Khomutovka,
Boilers, Gypsy Corner.
Manege, Vozdvizhenka, Arbat,
Neopalimovsky, Lubyanka,
Pipe, Vagankovo, Taganka,
Okhotny Ryad, Neskuchny Sad.
Hail the streets of Moscow
And the pavement creaks quietly,
And not a Muscovite - a Muscovite
Put the buckets on the walkway.
The meadows will get drunk with the Yauza,
Pulls with a berry from the Polyanka,
The forges on Taganka will wake up,
And on Ostozhenka - haystacks.
Zaryadye, Kremlin, Moskva River,
Both Samoteka and Neglinka,
Stremyanny, Sretenka, Stromynka,
Starokonyushenny, Bega.
Kuznetsky Most. Tsvetnoy Boulevard,
Kalashny, Khlebny, Povarskaya,
Sausage, Tablecloth, Tverskaya,
And Razgulyay, and the Crimean shaft.
The old man has his own bench,
The sandpiper has its own Swamp.
Hello Nikitsky Gate!
Sadovo-Sukharevskaya!
Hail the streets of Moscow ...
(D. Sukharev)
Riddles and poems about Moscow, about the main symbols of the country.
It's hard to compare with the city.
He is the main one in the country, this is ……
(Capital)
The main city of the state, even a republic, even a kingdom.
Here ingenuity will come in handy: here is Moscow, it is ……….
(Capital)
I am sure, friends, you will guess
That old fortress in the center of Moscow.
Stars shine brightly on its steeples,
On the tower there the Spasskaya chimes are ringing.
You will immediately name the symbol of the city of Moscow.
The square there is called Red, the clock on the Spasskaya tower strikes.
The bronze monument is not a toy for you,
After all, he is a tool, it is ……
(Tsar Cannon)
At the Eternal Flame or at the Spasskaya Tower
Soldiers are standing guarding them.
And if you've seen that post once,
Tell me these sentries.
(Guard of honor)
When thousands of soldiers march in a row behind a row
And obediently move missiles, tanks, guns,
People say to each other: on Red Square ... ..
It sounds solemn, everyone stands up in greeting -
The song home country we must all respect.
There is only one melody, the whole country is subject to it.
The citizen, throwing everything aside, listens to her standing.
There is main song from our country.
Having heard her, we must all get up.
Glory to the unity of the people is sung in it,
And our country is being praised.
They used to call him the banner, they walk with him at a ceremonial step,
The soldier will name any symbol of combat glory.
It has many names: tricolor, tricolor banner -
With the wind chases away worries white - blue - red….
It complements the coat of arms and flag, of any country that is the main sign.
Russia has a special one, you try to name it.
At the head of the State, elected by right
For four years by the will of the people.
(The president)
Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin is the beauty of Russia,
Great, powerful, unique.
You are our glory, our strength
We Russians adore you.
Many centuries have passed since then,
Like Kalita is a Moscow prince,
Oak built walls
Moscow rose from the ashes.
But every century has left something
In the history of the Moscow Kremlin.
And he remembers how the Italians did
Great Russian land!
The grandeur of the towers, the beauty of the cathedrals
And domes that instead of hats,
Masterpieces of Theodosius, Rublev, Greek,
Iconostasis of the 15th century.
Tsar Cannon, Chokhov's creation,
Cast to everyone's surprise.
And the stars of ruby over the Kremlin,
Where else we will find such.
Therefore, we constantly say:
“Oh, the Moscow Kremlin, you are unique! "
Sergey MIKHALKOV
KREMLIN STARS
Kremlin stars
They are burning above us
Their light reaches everywhere!
The guys have a good homeland,
AND better than that Homeland
I. Tokmakova
THE RED SQUARE
We have memorized these words since childhood,
And there is no more beautiful and simpler
For the city named - the city of Moscow,
For the area - the Red Square.
There are many other areas in the world,
There are many heroes in the world.
But how many brave people were here,
Perhaps it never happened.
Who goes to sea, who flies into space,
Laying a dangerous route,
But everyone considers the beginning of the path
Walk along the Red Square.
Here you will meet people from any capital:
Paris, Warsaw, Algeria ...
Let's walk with you today
Over the starting square of the world!
Poklonnaya mountain
Now in Moscow one of the famous places.
Now the bride and groom are also being brought here.
And the Arc de Triomphe looks to the west,
The French invader began to scramble from here.
All troubles came to us from the west,
Now stands here new park Victory.
There is a new chapel with a cross,
And a wooden cross on the hill.
There Stella in the sky clings to the clouds,
There, the beauty of the visitors surprises,
And at night fountains beat, yes with lighting.
Memorial plaque glitters with a laurel branch.
The fountains are red as blood from the ground.
From here people went to defend their homeland ...
Now Moscow comes here for a walk,
The lovers find each other here.
Here is a panorama of the Battle of Borodino
Kutuzovsky Avenue, there is a lot of rubbish in the kiosks.
There are a lot of guests in Moscow.
They keep order here very strictly.
It's beautiful here, but the heart is disturbing,
It is impossible to forget how many have died.
After all, everyone has only one life ...
But in the world and in our country there is still a war going on ...
I would say strictly to all the armies: "At ease!"
Enough, that's enough, that's enough!
Human life, you are most important
You are human! You are the smartest in the world!
And you and me always want peace ...
And no! -Bloody we say to the war!
Let there be no worshiping mountains in the world,
And so that our children do not know the war ...
Goals:
- to consolidate the knowledge of children about our country, about our village;
- to form the concept of the homeland, as the place where a person was born, and the country where he lives;
- systematize children's knowledge about the symbols of the state; to consolidate knowledge about the flag, coat of arms, anthem.
- broaden the horizons of children; learn to answer questions depending on the content, using an accurate, expressive vocabulary;
- foster a sense of patriotism, the desire to imitate the heroes of our Motherland; foster a love of works Russian poets, artists, composers
Vocabulary work: Motherland, Russia, Russia, parents, people, love, appreciate, respect, symbolism, coat of arms, anthem, flag, banner, map, globe.
Prior work:
- learning poetry of Russian poets about the Motherland, nature; proverbs and sayings about the Motherland, Russia, Moscow; songs, folk games, finger gymnastics " Russian family»
- reading the works of Russian writers about the Motherland, people, nature, region, city;
- examination of illustrations of books, atlases; pictures; postcards; flags, coats of arms of a country, region, region, city;
- listening musical works patriotic character;
An audio recording of the song "Where the Motherland Begins" sounds, children with a teacher enter the hall and approach the globe.
Educator:
The ball is big, there is a country on it,
The city is in it, and in it there are houses.
House on one street
Inconspicuous, small.
This house, country, land -
This is my homeland!
- Children, what is Motherland? (The place where we were born; our city, our country)
(Children recite poetry)
- What is the name of our country? (Russia)
Educator: Right. Children look closely at the map of Russia. Who among you can show the borders of our country?
The teacher invites two or three children to circle the borders of Russia on a map.
- Russia is our Motherland. Why do we call her Fatherland? (Because our fathers and grandfathers lived here)
- Why do we call it Motherland? (Because we were born here)
Educator: That's right, our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers lived on this land, your children will live. We call it Motherland because this land is dear to us, we were born here, here are our relatives, our roots, we speak our native language. And everything around is dear and dear to us.
(Children recite poetry)
Homeland is a big, big word,
Let there be no miracles in the world
If you say this word with a soul,
It is deeper than the seas, higher than the heavens.
It fits exactly half the world,
Mom and dad, neighbors, friends,
Dear city, dear apartment,
Grandma, school, kitten and me.
- And now I suggest you play a game - a quiz. And you probably guessed that it will be called: "Russia, Russia - my Motherland!" We need to split into two teams and come up with names for them.
Children:(divided into teams and come up with names: "Heroes", "Matryoshka")
Educator: Our game will consist of 5 stages. (For each correct answer, the team will receive a chip, at the end of the competition we will summarize) First, let's introduce ourselves and greet each other.
"Heroes"
We are brave and strong
We are called heroes
We will quickly defeat everyone
Success awaits us! (boys motto)
"Matryoshka"
We are beauties of nesting dolls
Colorful clothes
We are matryoshkas just a class -
Win try us! (girls motto)
So, the first stage - "Native country"
You need to look at the screen and choose the correct answer. Raise your hand, don't shout out.
1. In the photos you see different people... Who is the president of our country? ( Presentation , slide 1)
2. Each country has its own national flag. Which one of them belongs to Russia? (slide 2)
Poem about the flag child reads
White color- birch,
Blue sky color,
Red stripe -
Sunny dawn
3. What are their symbols of the state - the coat of arms belongs to our country? (slide 3)
A poem about the coat of arms is read by a child
Russia has a stately
There is a double-headed eagle on the coat of arms,
To the west, to the east
He could look right away
Strong, wise and proud.
He is a free spirit of Russia.
4. Which of the cities is the capital of our Motherland? (slide 4)
A child reads a poem about Moscow.
Moscow is Red Square,
Moscow is the towers of the Kremlin
Moscow is the heart of Russia
That loves you.
5. What is the name of our village? What are the residents of the village of Kuloi called? (Kuloytsy, Kuloyans) (slide 5)
6. What is the name of our Kindergarten? (slide 6)
7. What street is our kindergarten located on? (slide 7)
The second stage "Proverbs and riddles about the Motherland"
Educator: I start to say a proverb and you keep on
1. Homeland - mother - know how to stand up for her
2. Whoever is a mountain for the Motherland is a true hero.
3. Beloved homeland, that dear mother.
4. To live - to serve the Motherland.
5. Motherland- heaven to the heart.
6. There is no more beautiful Motherland in the world.
Guess the riddles:
1. It sounds solemn,
Everyone stands up in greeting.
Song of the main country
We must all respect! (Hymn)
2. Call you right away
The symbol of the city of Moscow,
The square there is called Red,
The clock strikes on the Spasskaya tower. (Kremlin)
3. The bronze monument is not a toy for you,
After all, he is a tool (Tsar Cannon)4. This month it happens
Bright holiday - Victory Day,
All the guys congratulate
Their grandmothers and grandfathers. (May)
Our country is a very populous state where people live different nations... But all together the inhabitants of our country are one big Russian family.
Finger gymnastics "Russian family"
Different peoples live in Russia Finger massage
For a long time
One likes the taiga,
Others - their native space.
Each nation has its own language
and outfit Hands forward, fingers join.
One wears a Circassian coat,
Another put on a robe.
Some are a fisherman from birth, The palms imitate the swimming of a fish
The other is a reindeer herder Fingers are spread apart, arms are crossed above the head.
Prepares some koumiss .Circularly stroking the abdomen with your hand.
Another prepares honey. Wipe your mouth with the back of your hand.
Autumn is one sweeter Hands are lowered from top to bottom, shaking the brushes.
To others - spring is more pleasant Squat, stroke the "grass".
Homeland - Russia "House".
We all have one. They join hands.
The third stage "Flag of the Russian Federation"
Educator: I have stripes on my tables. Let's choose and compose, each his own banner of the flag of our Motherland (perform)
Here is one of them. This is the Russian flag.
- What colors do we see on the Russian flag?
Children: White blue red.
Educator: What reminds you of white?
Children: Snow, daisies, birches, clouds.
Educator: And also the white color symbolizes nobility, frankness.
- What resembles blue? (Sky, rivers, lakes, seas)... This is the color of loyalty, honesty, and perfection. And with what can you compare the color red?
Children: The color of heat, fire, sun.
Educator: And this color symbolizes courage, courage, love.
And also - white, red, and blue are the colors that have been revered in Russia since ancient times. We are talking to you all over the world, spring is red, the sea is blue, the girl is red.
Threads of these colors were used to decorate embroidery on clothes. These colors, which met the folk ideas about the beauty of the surrounding world, about kindness, about modesty.
The fourth stage "Our national costume"
Children are offered pictures of people in various national costumes, it is necessary to find a Russian national costume.
The fifth stage "Musical"
- A lot of songs have been composed about our Motherland. Let's now perform the song "Our Land"
- And now let's summarize our game. Calculate the total number of chips your team has.
So, the winner is the team with the most Matryoshka chips.
Bibliography:
1. Vetokhina A.Ya., Dmirenko Z.S., Moral and patriotic education of preschool children. Planning and class notes. Toolkit for teachers. - SPb .: OOO Publishing House "Childhood-PRESS". 2011 - 192s.
2.Gazaeva Z.Sh., Abramochkina O.Yu. The upbringing of value orientations of the personality of the preschooler. // "Management of the preschool educational institution". - 2010.№ 7. - 97s.
3. Domozhakova T.I. Education of patriotism in older preschool children: // "Office of the preschool educational institution". - 2006. - No. 8. - 80s.
4. Zelenova N.G., Osipova L.E. We live in Russia. Civil-patriotic education of preschoolers ( senior group.) - M .: Publishing house "Scriptorium 2003", 2010. - 112s.
5. Classes on patriotic education in preschool educational institution / Ed. L.A. Kondrykinskaya... - M .: TC Sphere, 2010 .-- 160s. (Series "Together with Children".)
6. Legacy. And reality and fairy tale .: a guide to the moral education of preschool children and ml. school age based on the traditions of national culture. / E. V. Solovyova, L. I. Tsarapenko- M .: Obruch, 2011, - 144s.
It has many names:
Tricolor, tricolor banner -
Drives away with the wind anxiety
White-blue-red ... (FLAG!)
And our country is being praised.
There are many different songs in the world,
But this one is most important to us,
She, as a symbol of the state,
Known to everyone. (HYMN)
There is one melody
The whole country is subject to her.
Citizen, throwing everything away
Standing listening to her. (HYMN)
Our country has a main song.
Having heard her, we must all get up.
Glory is sung to the unity of the people,
And our country is being praised. (HYMN)
It sounds solemn
Everyone gets up to greet -
Song of the main country
We must all respect. (HYMN)
From the mighty Baikal,
She ran away to the Yenisei
Rebellious daughter
The river is spacious. (HANGARA)
There is in our Siberian taiga
More sea is a miracle bowl.
Surrounded by wild rocks
This lake … (BAIKAL)
Tanya stands
In a white sundress.
On a slender leg
There are earrings in the ears. (BIRCH)
Famous in all countries
Russian beauty:
White clothes
Gold - earrings
With a braided braid
Washes with dew. (BIRCH)
Doll - a symbol of motherhood
And family unity.
Sundress is her clothes,
All made of wood ... (MATRYOSHKA)
There is a pot-bellied man on the table.
The spout is a hunchbacked crane.
Nearby are gingerbread, sweets ...
Suddenly it will buzz like a rocket,
Puffs, steam from the nose!
Tula is ... (SAMOVAR)
The sun fell in the snow
The river of milk has flowed in
Are sailing to a hot land
Make the moon in the holes there. (PANCAKES)
Like bread and rolls,
We baked you in the oven.
Now meet the guests
Lush Russian ... (LOAF)
Extra-curricular lesson of the literary circle "Silver feather"
Pechnikova Albina Anatolyevna, teacher of literature, MOU "Zaykovskaya secondary school No. 1"Job title:
Description:
This work presents an extracurricular activity of the "Silver feather" circle, dedicated to the symbols of Russia. This event will be useful for junior schoolchildren and pupils of grades 5-7, as it includes the epistolary genre of writing in verse, poems-riddles about the brightest attributes of the Russian State. The material may be of interest to organizers on VR, teachers primary school and middle class teachers to conduct class hours on the symbols of Russia.
Target: the formation of the civic position of schoolchildren through knowledge about their country and its state symbols.
Tasks:
1) foster patriotism, love for the Motherland through the poetic word;
2) preserve the value of state symbols as the basis of the moral foundations of the life of children;
3) promote the development of erudition and cognitive activity of children.
"Popularization of the symbols of Russia in poetic studies of schoolchildren"
Event progress:
Teacher: Today, at the meeting of the Silver Feather circle, we will talk about the state symbols of Russia. Imagine that foreign guests have come to our school, what bright attributes of our country would you like to tell them about using a living poetic word?
Student:
I will offer them poems - riddles own composition, and I will show the answers on the slides. It is believed that Russia is personified by a bear as a symbol of power and strength. A birch, a Tula samovar, linden bast shoes, a sleigh, a Russian accordion with a matryoshka, a merry carnival, but where can we go without a balalaika? All these are the attributes of our glorious country, its worthy symbols. Here's a listen:
This beast sleeps in a den,
Call him soon!
Sleeps in a warm bed
With him honey, so you don't eat!
A good beast - Trampler.
Who is this? (Bear)
Everyone calls it a treasure.
Songs have been sung to her for centuries
Confessions are composed in verse.
The name of the bride for harmony!
No tree is more beautiful, sweeter
In the Russian state of people,
Curly branches rather
Spread over my Fatherland!
A very gentle creature -
Russian symbol of beauty,
You are not afraid of frost
Full of love and kindness. (Birch)
After an hour of labor or at a holiday, I sat down,
You are my beloved musical friend!
For a very long time you saved up all the melody of the earth,
The songs were loudly singing of my native side!
Oh, Russian songstress, you don’t regret fur!
You even raise the mood of the old man!
So play my girlfriend!
Don't skimp on a row of keys!
Everyone in Russia knows you!
Feet themselves are in a hurry to dance! (Harmony)
The symbol of Russia is a simple toy.
All flooded with the bright color of the dawn.
The doll is like that - a daughter is hiding in it.
Yes, not one, but a circle of girlfriends!
Scarlet as purple, she is wearing a sundress,
Cheeks burn like the eyes of Russians!
Conquered all the countries of the world
Russian souvenir is beautiful! (Matryoshka)
Blue Ribbon Nurse - River!
Immense, like Russia, full-flowing and fast.
People only value badly, do not clean the shores,
Our wonderful mother river is growing shallow
But all the same, you are a queen to all rivers,
No one can compare with you! (Volga)
Russian frosts are sometimes frightening.
Don't be afraid of them - it's a great time!
Naughty kids fly from the mountain in a crowd.
The snowman was blinded, now they are in a hurry to go home!
Favorite tracks, and on top there are two boards.
The Ural guys are shouting to you: "Take a ride! (Sledge)
Once the Tula master is glorious,
Famous Tolya Batashov,
Rolled into the market on a sled
A device of unprecedented beauty.
A pot-bellied vat with a humped nose,
He was famous for his warmth.
There were different herbs in it,
And what did the people call it? (Samovar)
Long ago people wore
The braided bottom of their bast!
We were looking for masters for a long time,
Do not see that dashing!
And now a different fashion
The Russian people!
So as not to forget Russia,
You can donate it!
This Russian souvenir
You can take it to the holes! (Lapti)
This tool looks like
It looks very simple:
He needs three strings-
Rhythms of Mother Earth!
Stand, guests, in a row,
Sing songs all in a row!
What is his name, find out?
This is our ... balalaika!
Everyone has traditions - you get bored - it's a sin!
We need to burn the effigy of winter before next spring!
People know this holiday: Sing, Russia, don't be stingy!
Treat the visiting people, bake pies, don't press!
We are bread-salted people! All Russia - in a round dance!
Our Russian pancakes are a treat for the whole country! (Shrovetide)
Student:
And I will remember the epistolary genre and read a letter in verse for a foreign guest. Here's how it turned out:
"Letter to a foreign friend about the symbols of Russia"
Hello, my foreign friend!
I send greetings from Russia!
You will be glad indescribably
To know that there is no more beautiful place!
I want to tell you
About worldly symbolism.
Like everywhere else, we have flags, coat of arms
And the song is a simple anthem!
Russian tricolor flag
Everyone in the world is called:
Pure white color,
Blue is the faithfulness of the saint,
Red as a symbol of blood
The country shed for life,
For the holy faith of the brotherhood,
The courage of the sons of the earth and
Fatherly courage
What they managed to save!
And in the melody of the Anthem-
Honor, fearlessness of the country!
Never will we give up-
All are true to this oath!
This music is simple
Patriots are strong!
When the Russian Anthem plays
Caps off, the country is getting up!
Tears are pouring from the people
Every Russian is a patriot!
For the native Fatherland
He will give up his life, he will die in battle!
Coat of arms as a stately symbol
Powerful Motherland - Power!
You know, my foreign peer,
It's not for nothing that Russia is called mother,
She is like a talisman for us,
And the Russians are all a reliable friend!
Russia - power and stronghold of power
Power, scepter - its basis,
And the protector of our state
Victorious George, so destined!
Europe and Asia have been friends for centuries,
And what should we share - one country!
Double-headed eagle with its wings
Serves us as a symbol of good!
Goodbye my friend, I'm waiting for an answer
Or your arrival!
Hello my country of friends
If all his thoughts are pure!
Student:
I wrote a short poem about the Coat of Arms Russian Federation... I really like heraldry, I was carried away by the coats of arms different countries and I think that each coat of arms is beautiful and deep in its own way, as it is made with love for its country!
On a heraldic shield
Double-headed eagle in the glitter of gold.
He holds the scepter tightly in his paws:
Power is all in his destiny!
Saint George illuminates
Russia is the color in my country!
He captivates everyone with fearlessness -
Dragon death in his spear!
What does this bird mean?
In the history of the entire planet?
She, as a symbol of darkness and light,
Ages past the shadow on it!
There was an era of the Great King,
The whole state was proud of Peter!
Crowns - parts of a country open-
The proud eagle brought us!
The coat of arms is a symbol of honor for Russia!
It contains a tribute to the centuries and a direct order:
Who will come to Russia with a sword,
Will be rebuffed, that's my whole tale!
Teacher: What good fellows you are! I liked the love with which you told in your poetic sketches about the symbols of Russia. In your heartfelt lines, I heard pride in my country, a desire to show my peers and foreign guests moral values Russian state .. Thank you very much, guys, for the word-creation. Next time we will try to write fairy tales about Russian traditions to promote the strength and power of our Motherland.
What does Neptune do on the coat of arms of Veliky Ustyug? How did the Peacock end up on the Serpukhov emblem? "Russia is a mystery, wrapped or shrouded in mysticism, inside a puzzle." When you look at our coats of arms, you understand that Churchill was right. Neptune in the conditions of the Russian North
The state symbols of Russia have a complex, confusing past. We still do not know "where it came from" the two-headed eagle, why George the Victorious was chosen as the "heraldic patron", and not Andrew the First-Called or Nicholas the Pleasant, whose veneration in Russia was much wider. But the genealogy of the coats of arms of Russian cities is even more confusing, the logic of symbolism of which is sometimes simply impossible to comprehend.
From the point of view of heraldic science, the coat of arms is intended to represent main idea symbolized, its formula, its DNA. But when you look, say, at the emblem of the Great Ustyug (Neptune holds two jugs of pouring water in his hands), then you can hardly decipher the heraldic code of this plot. The city received the official coat of arms with the Roman sea deity in 1780. In fact, Neptune migrated from Count Minich's "Znamenny Herbovnik", published in 1730, and was called, according to the thought of its creators, to symbolize the beneficial geographical position Great Ustyug. Interestingly, the image was backed up by a legend: allegedly a certain Aquarius-hero descended to Earth to drain the waters of two rivers, the South and the Sukhona, into one - the Northern Dvina. It is highly likely that this legend was created in the same 18th century to somehow explain the appearance of Neptune in the Russian North.
Urban heraldry came to Russia rather late - under Peter I. Before that, the role of coats of arms was played by seals decorated with emblems. In the 1570s, the seal of John IV appeared, on which you can see 24 emblems - 12 on each side - of the princedoms, lands, cities that make up the Muscovy. It is interesting that the lion's share of the symbols is represented by images of animals, birds, and fish. The other part is weapons: bows, swords, sabers. Scientists argue that most of the emblems did not contain any identification code of the places, the lands that they symbolized, but was a figment of the imagination of the court iconographers. Those were guided not so much by the "geniuses of the places" as by the Psalter and the "Physiologist" popular at that time in Russia. Thus, Nizhny Novgorod began to symbolize a deer, Pskov - a leopard (or lynx), Kazan - a basilisk (dragon), Tver - a bear, Rostov - a bird, Yaroslavl - fish, Astrakhan - a dog, Vyatka lands - an onion, etc.
Hardly anyone then seriously thought about the deep symbolism of cities. The main symbolic load on the seals of John IV was carried by the double-headed eagle with St. George located in the center on the one hand, and the Unicorn (the personal emblem of Terrible) on the other. The whole circle, the periphery, played on the seal of the sovereign the role of a sort of crowd, whose tasks included not so much the correct identification of the place as to show the power of the tsar.
By a tragic coincidence, the press of Grozny became a kind of program for the future - Moscow is everything, the periphery is nothing.
This does not mean at all that the territories represented on the seal did not have their own generic, authentic symbols. There were, and some of these symbols were centuries old. However, in the frame of reference of John, they, of course, could not find their place. So, Grozny personally invented the seal of Veliky Novgorod, which formed the basis of his future "bear" coat of arms, ignoring the existence for centuries of authentic Novgorod symbols on seals (Savior Almighty, Andrew the First-Called, horseman, lion). The main reason was that local authenticity was contrary to the policy of centralization of the Muscovy.
The first Russian brand book
A century later, in 1672, the "Big State Book", or "Tsarist Titular", appeared, which revealed a new heraldic version of the Russian lands. We already see 33 coats of arms in the book. The emblems of some lands that were present on the seal of Grozny have radically evolved.
So, Rostov the Great changed a bird for a deer, Yaroslavl - a fish for a bear armed with an ax, and Ryazan changed a horse for a foot prince. However, it is unlikely that these changes were preceded by any serious study of the topic: most likely, the rebranding was based on all the free creativity of isographers, and not the primordial symbols of these lands. At the same time, "Titular" formed the basis for future heraldic experiments, which finally led to the loss of the primary symbolic codes of the ancient Russian territories.
"We want a peacock!"
Peter I decided to systematize the Russian brand book and put into circulation real coats of arms, created according to all the rules of European heraldry. Interestingly, the decision was based on army goals. To facilitate the supply of food, the army was to be deployed in the cities and provinces of Russia. The regiments received the names of the cities and localities of registration, and the coats of arms of these territories were to be placed on the regimental banners.
In 1722, the tsar established a special heraldry's office, which was entrusted with the composition of the coats of arms, including the city ones. Count Francis Santi was invited to play the role of creative director. The Italian got down to business with frantic enthusiasm: firstly, he “brought to mind” the emblems from Alexei Mikhailovich's Titularnik, and, secondly, he created several dozen coats of arms for Russian cities “from scratch”. Before starting the creative process, Santi sent out questionnaires to local city officials in which they had to talk about the key features of their cities. It should be noted that the local chancellery reacted to the Italian's "technical assignment" without due enthusiasm: the answers of the officials were very local and meaningless. True, there were also cities that took the assignment seriously. For example, Serpukhov officials reported that their city is famous for peacocks that live in one of the local monasteries. Soon, the overseas bird took its place of honor on the coat of arms of the city.
Despite all the inertia of the city offices, Santi still managed to draw a register of 97 coats of arms (another question, how authentic were these symbols?). Probably, he could have done more, but already in 1727, Catherine I, who ruled after the death of Peter, sent the count to Siberia on charges of conspiracy.
Heraldic fever
The next heraldic boom in Russia came during the reign of Catherine II. This was due to the 1775 local government reform. Over the decade, several hundred coats of arms of Russian cities have been created. Many of them, if not most, were completely contrived in nature, being the fruit of the taste of provincial city officials and the heralds' poor knowledge of the history of cities. So, the coats of arms of the cities of Velikie Luki (three bows), Sumy (three bags), etc. were born.
At this moment, many "heraldic" myths were born: local officials get involved in the creative process and begin to compose legends about the origin of the coats of arms. For example, the dignitaries of Kolomna told the story that their city was built in 1147 by a representative of the ancient patrician Roman family Colonna, which is why the city is called that way, and a pillar is depicted on its coat of arms.
But the people of Yaroslavl went farthest, claiming that the coat of arms in the form of a bear with an ax was invented by the greatest prince Yaroslav: I killed my retinue. "
In the 19th century, the authorities tried to somehow systematize the heraldic fever, because - in a burst of creativity - some cities had already several approved coats of arms. I had to give up too much.
After the revolution, the domestic urban heraldry was waiting for a new boom in heraldic creativity, but the "hallmarks of territories" created Soviet artists suited only for the signification of the circles of hell, rather than for cities inhabited by living people.
After the collapse of the USSR, a heraldic renaissance began, which manifested itself in a massive return of cities to "Catherine's branding."
What we have?
Several centuries of experiments in the heraldry of Russian cities ended in nothing. So, the ancient Russian cities with centuries-old traditions, with light hand central authorities acquired empty meaningless symbols and plunged into depression. The coat of arms, designed to unite the townspeople into a single community, reflect the essence, character of the city, and remained in dreams.
It must be admitted that all the centuries-old work in the field of heraldry of Russian cities was done on the knee. All the true symbols of the ancient Russian lands were ignored even during the creation of the seal of John IV. And in the "Tsarskoe Titulyarnik" Moscow contrived herbalism, when the capital's clerks came up with beautiful emblems for the "rest of the world", was introduced into the system. The fascination of the Moscow elite with "the latest Western trends" played a fatal role.
So, "Titulyarnik" was created by order of the head of the Ambassadorial Prikaz by boyar Artamon Matveyev, who, as you know, was one of the first Westernizers in Russian history. It is important to know that the book was created not as an official coat of arms, but as a souvenir edition, which was shown to distinguished overseas guests. Say, look, we are not worse than you, we are also advanced, in a trend. The trouble is that subsequent herbotwallers began to use this souvenir as the main source for Russian heraldry, which it was not for a second, as, indeed, was the seal of John IV.
Under subsequent sovereigns, the situation only worsened, the signs drifted further and further from the signified, the primordial symbols lost all hope of being discovered by the court masters of heraldry. The fact that foreigners played key roles in the creation of the emblems of the Russians became a real fate.
The symbol of the city plays extremely important role in establishing strong bond between the city and the citizen. The city emblem is the connecting component between the personality of the inhabitant and the urban community, and the stronger and more meaningful the symbol, the stronger the connection between a person and the city.
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