Glinka Museum on Fadeeva. Museum of Musical Culture. Glinka. Museum of Music Madrid Prado Museum

Hello dear guys! And to you, dear adults, also a big and warm hello!

Probably each of you has been to a museum at least once. Every day, thousands of tourists around the world line up in long lines to see works of science and art, visit various exhibitions and then exchange their impressions of what they saw.

Many of the cultural attractions are renowned throughout the world. Do you know those - the ones where any traveler would like to go?

I propose to recall the most famous museums in the world, scattered in different countries, so that when you are going on a long journey, you can plan a visit to them in your excursion program. Well, right now, so that you can talk about them in an interesting and exciting way in class.

So, the top ten of the most famous of the well-known, according to the blog "ShkolaLa".

Lesson plan:

Paris Louvre

Once a medieval fortress, and then the residence of the French kings, it opened to visitors in 1793. 160,106 square meters of the total occupied area, more than 400 thousand exhibits - all this is about the great and mesmerizing Louvre!

Its centrally located glass pyramid attracts about 9.5 million visitors annually and becomes a subject for photographs as one of the symbols of Paris. This is the place where one of the world's artistic mysteries is located - da Vinci's painting "Mona Lisa".

Today, the Louvre has seven huge departments, in which you can examine in detail the exhibits in which, as they say, only in a week, no less. There are:

• Department of Applied Arts;
• halls of painting, graphics and sculpture;
• art Ancient egypt and the Ancient East;
• Islamic and Greek departments;
• Roman hall;
• and the culture of the Etruscan Empire.

Vatican Museums in Rome

There are 1400 halls in the exhibition complex and there are 50,000 objects in them. Prepare to walk about 7 kilometers to view all the exhibits on display.

The heart of the Vatican Museum is The Sistine Chapel- a monument of the Renaissance, the walls of which were painted by the hand of Michelangelo. You can reach it only by going through the entire museum corridor.

They began to build an Italian museum back in the 4th century - then the first stones of the Church of St. Peter were laid, only in the 9th the walls appeared, and by the 13th century they were lined up in the papal Vatican residence. Every year about 5 million visitors come here to see with their own eyes the treasures collected by Roman Catholics over several centuries.

British Museum in London

Opened in 1759 exhibition center a rather complicated story, and there are dark spots in the characterization. It is called not only a museum of all civilizations, but also a repository of stolen masterpieces.

This is the place where the cultural objects of Egypt, Greece, Rome, Asia and Africa, as well as medieval Europe... However, many of the 8 million exhibits appeared in the British Museum in a far from dishonest way. So, the ancient Egyptian Rosetta stone, as well as some other treasures from Egypt, came here, being taken away from Napoleon's army.

From Greece, with the strange permission of the Turkish ruler, precious sculptural exhibitions were taken to London.

By the way, the entrance to British museum absolutely free.

Japanese National Museum in Tokyo

Dedicated to nature and science, it differs in that, along with the wonders of technology, there are stuffed animals, found dinosaur remains and their models.

Here, on the roof of a six-story building, you'll find a botanical garden with sun umbrellas that automatically pop up when approached. There is a “forest hall” where you can wander among the rich flora.

In the global gallery you can follow the evolution of all life on Earth and get acquainted with modern technologies, and in Japanese learn historical facts about the land of the rising sun.

And this museum is also included in the list of famous places, because visitors can become scientists for a moment and personally conduct a series of experiments.

American Metropolitan

This museum is located in New York and is rightfully one of the most famous. Judge for yourself: here are collected artifacts of the Paleolithic era, which are adjacent to modern exhibits from the field of pop art, there are cultural objects of Africa, the East and Europe, paintings from the 12th to the 19th centuries, musical instruments, weapons and clothes of the peoples of five continents.

The museum appeared thanks to a group of entrepreneurs, public figures and artists who donated their collections to him, and they were replenished with two million exhibition items. In general, there is something to see here!

The area of ​​the cultural heritage of America is divided by luxurious walkways and staircases, combining buildings from different times with tall columns, fountains and stained glass windows. Moreover, its name has nothing to do with underground transport, but is formed from the word "metropolis", that is, "big city".

Madrid Prado Museum

The Spanish cultural center of painting has gathered under one roof more than 7,600 paintings, 1,000 sculptures, 8,000 drawings, 1,300 objects of art. It got its name from the park of the same name, in which it is located.

Although there are no elegant interiors and gilded staircases, the museum contains great amount painting collections of different European schools: Spanish, Italian, German, British, most of which were collected by the church and representatives of the royal family.

By the way, there is a copy of the "Mona Lisa" located in the Louvre, drawn by a student of Leonardo da Vinci.

Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam

Main state museum Holland is located in an old palace with towers and relief sculptures and is divided into 200 rooms, where many masterpieces of Dutch and world art are located. The red brick building stands on the canal embankment and stretches for a whole block.

The main masterpiece of the Amsterdam Museum is the painting by Rembrandt "Night Watch".

There are also canvases by artists from the Golden Age. The showrooms are also teeming with a variety of antiques, from antique furniture to china.

Petersburg Hermitage

Russia, too, can rightfully be included in the list and boast of a museum property known throughout the world. The Russian cultural giant is famous for the world's largest collection of paintings. Here you can get acquainted with the history from the Stone Age to the present, and the Golden Room is a separate story, because jewelry is collected there. Russian empire and not only!

The Hermitage originates from the collection of Empress Catherine II and, having subsequently expanded, today presents a museum complex of six buildings, where more than 3 million exhibits are presented.

Cairo Museum

Until recently, this cultural site was known for its complete collection of Egyptian art, which contains thousands of treasures from the tombs of Tutankhamun.

Before the revolution in Egypt, the Cairo Museum had more than 120,000 ancient exhibits, including monumental sculptures Sphinx of the ancient period, tombs and mummies of the Egyptian pharaohs, decoration of queens.

We can only hope that the Egyptian nation will be able to preserve its heritage.

Archaeological Museum in Athens

It is the largest cultural center in Greece, which houses exhibits different eras, but the collections of ceramics and sculptures are on the list of the richest in the world.

The diverse collections of the museum include finds as far back as 6800 BC, including clay, stone and bone vessels, weapons, jewelry and tools.

Various museum attractions

Today we have compiled a list of ten famous museums the world in different countries that everyone knows. But there are museums in the world that few people know about, but which it would be worthwhile to learn about, because they are very unusual. Some of them are presented in the video below.

I hope the information presented in this article will help you in the development of your research projects.

Good luck with your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

Reviews of the Museum of Musical Culture. M. I. Glinka

Lyudmila Milkina 03/01/2017 at 18:39

I got to this museum by accident: I was walking down the street, I saw a bus stop with that name. I think it means he is somewhere nearby, I found a museum - and did not regret it. I got to three Exhibitions: "Sound and ... man, universe, game", musical instruments different times and peoples and "Dances of buffoons" with drawings by B. Messerer. First I went to an interactive exhibition about sounds. It was very interesting for both children and adults. You could listen to different sounds, you could create different sounds, see how they affect nature and humans, and much, much more, which we do not know, but which is very interesting to learn. Exhibition of instruments different nations and at times I was generally overwhelmed by the number and variety of these instruments, some instruments of such a peculiar shape that it is not clear how they are played and what sounds they make. And here, unfortunately, I again faced the disease of all our museums: the inscriptions near the exhibits are academically dry and do not explain anything about them: the name, date of manufacture, even the country where it is from is not always indicated. There are, of course, banners with long boring texts that no one reads. People come to the museum to see! It would be very cool if at least near the most unusual instruments there were pictures (photos, drawings), by which it would be possible to understand how they are played, and if you could also listen to their sound, it would be just fantastic. By the way, the black letters on the glass are practically invisible, so even those inscriptions that are there are not readable. Various concerts are also held in this museum. I took a ticket for one of them. I hope to become a regular visitor to this museum. Judge about the exhibition of B. Messerer's drawings by my photos.

Lyudmila Milkina 03/01/2017 at 18:32

I got to this museum by accident: I was walking down the street, I saw a bus stop with that name. I think it means he is somewhere nearby, I found a museum - and did not regret it. I got to three Exhibitions: "Sound and ... man, universe, play", musical instruments of different times and peoples and "Dances of buffoons" with drawings by B. Messerer. First I went to an interactive exhibition about sounds. It was very interesting for both children and adults. You could listen to different sounds, you could create different sounds, see how they affect nature and humans, and much, much more, which we do not know, but which is very interesting to learn. The exhibition of instruments from different nations and times in general stunned me with the number and variety of these instruments, some instruments of such a peculiar shape that it is not clear how they are played and what sounds they make. And here, unfortunately, I again faced the disease of all our museums: the inscriptions near the exhibits are academically dry and do not explain anything about them: the name, date of manufacture, even the country where it is from is not always indicated. There are, of course, banners with long boring texts that no one reads. People come to the museum to see! It would be very cool if at least near the most unusual instruments there were pictures (photos, drawings), by which it would be possible to understand how they are played, and if you could also listen to their sound, it would be just fantastic. By the way, the black letters on the glass are practically invisible, so that even those inscriptions that are there are not readable. Various concerts are also held in this museum. I took a ticket for one of them. I hope to become a regular visitor to this museum.

MUSIC MUSEUMS

A profile group of museums that collect, store, study, exhibit and publish monuments of musical culture. Often appear in theaters, concert halls, conservatories, music schools and schools, etc.

Many music museums, in turn, have libraries and archives of musical literature. A number of historical, ethnographic, local history, theater and art museums have music departments. Historically, two large groups museums - containing collections of musical instruments (A. Stradivari Museum in Cremona, Museum of the History of European Instruments in Trondheim, Central Museum musical culture. M.I. Glinka) and memorial music museums (see memorial museums) and research centers representing the heritage of musical figures (J.S.Bach in Eisenach, L. Beethoven in Bonn, P.I.Tchaikovsky House-Museum in Klin).

F.I.Shalyapin Museum in Kislovodsk

Currently, many music museums are not only museums in the traditional sense, but also research and public centers for the dissemination of musical and cultural experience, actively carry out museum communication. One of the most important means of such activities is to conduct music festivals(named after Glinka in the Smolensk region, named after Rachmaninov in the Tambov region, the Shalyapin days at the Glinka Central Museum of Musical Culture).

History

Musical proto-museums have been known in Europe since the 16th century. Traditionally, they began with private collections of musical instruments, in the formation of which, preference was often given to ancient musical instruments. In Russia, private collections existed from the 18th century, and from the second half of the 19th century. collections appeared at the Dashkovo Museum in Moscow, the Moscow and St. Petersburg Conservatories. So, the collection of instruments of the peoples of Central Asia, collected in the 1870s - 80s. A.E. Eichhorn and transferred in the late 1880s. in the Moscow Conservatory, became the base in the formation of ideas about the musical culture of Central Asia. The largest domestic collections of instruments today are in the Collection of Unique Musical Instruments (Moscow), the Central Museum of Musical Culture. M.I. Glinka (Moscow), the Institute of Theater, Music and Cinematography, which in 1984 became a branch of the Museum of Theater and musical art(St. Petersburg).

The first Russian musical memorial museum was the House-Museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky in Klin (1894), which was a room in which the composer lived and worked. In 1896, the Museum of M.I. Glinka, who exhibited Glinka's personal belongings, autographs of his works, lifetime editions, visual materials; in 1912 on the basis of a memorial cabinet containing an archive and personal belongings - the N.G. Rubinstein. In the 1920s and 30s. the Museum-Apartment of A.N. Scriabin (Moscow, 1922), A.S. Pushkin and P.I. Tchaikovsky (Kamenka, 1937).

In the 1950s-90s. organized museums at musical theaters, memorial museums, many of which are affiliates of major music and local history museums: Vocal and creative office named after A. V. Nezhdanova (Moscow, 1952), A.B. Goldenweiser (Moscow, 1955), M.P. Mussorgsky (Pskov region, 1968, 1991), N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov (Leningrad, 1972), M.I. Glinka (Smolensk region, 1982). Musical museums of this period were organized mainly on the basis of reconstructed lost interiors of houses and estates.

In 1919, in order to preserve bowed instruments, a collection of unique musical instruments was created (see types of collections). It has become the largest collection of violins, violas, cellos, double basses, violas and bows in Russia, created by the masters of Russia, Italy, Germany, Austria, France, England, Poland, Czech Republic, etc. Instruments of Italian masters of the 16-18 centuries are of great value. - Gasparo da Salo, Amati, Guarneri, A. Stradivari, Montagnano, Bergonzi, Ruggeri. The collection was based on the collection of K.V. Tretyakov, donated in 1878 to the Moscow Conservatory. A collection of unique musical instruments provides its exhibits for performances by the best Russian musicians.

The basis of the collection of the Central Museum of Musical Culture. M.I. Glinka made a collection of the Memorial Museum. N.G. Rubinstein (1912) at the Moscow Conservatory. It includes personal archives and manuscripts of composers, sets and costumes for musical performances, musical instruments (starting from the 16th century), a record library, musical iconography. The main fund of the museum contains over 771 thousand items. xp. Permanent exposition - "Musical Instruments of the Nations of the World".

House-Museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky Museum in Klin - the very first music and memorial museum in Russia. It was founded by the brother of the composer M.I. Tchaikovsky in the house where Tchaikovsky lived and worked, which led to the highest degree of authenticity of the museum. The memorial museums of V.A. Mozart in Salzburg and L. Beethoven in Bonn. The museum houses a unique collection of Tchaikovsky.

Literature

Russian Museum Encyclopedia. M., 2005;

Musical encyclopedic Dictionary... M., 1990;

Museology. Museums of the world. M., 1991;

Musical encyclopedia. T.3. M., 1976;

History of Russian music. T.6. M., 1989.

Standard set: walks, cafes, beaches, shopping, museums. A musician (or a big music lover) will always try to find some good concerts in the area, or visit a music museum. One of the most famous of these places, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,. And today we will tell you about a few more important for the history of music and interesting museums.

1. THE BEATLES STORY - LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND

The museum was founded in 1990, it is located in the basement of the Albert Dock, on the territory historic buildings Liverpool port. At the entrance, visitors can receive an audio guide, including in Russian. Moving from room to room, visitors observe the history of the birth and flourishing of the Beatles. Each room is dedicated to one of the periods in the history of the Beatles and its members: the birth of John Lennon's first band, the Quarrymen, the Beatles' trip to Hamburg, meeting Brian Epstein, performances at the Cavern club, and so on, until the band disbanded in 1970.

The museum contains unique exhibits: concert costumes and instruments of the band members, photographs, lyrics, records, eyewitness memories and archival videos. A separate stand is allocated for gifts sent by the Russian fans of the group. At the exit from the museum there is a souvenir shop with symbols legendary band... http://www.beatlesstory.com

2. MUSEUM OF MUSIC AND SCIENCE - SEATTLE, USA

The main mastermind behind the project is billionaire Paul Allen, former Microsoft associate of Bill Gates and a big fan of Jimi Hendrix. He had been hatching a similar project for many years. The idea to create such an unusual structure came from the architect Frank Gary after he cut an electric guitar. He conceived a structure without precise forms and the correct placement of walls, windows and ceilings as a symbol of the plasticity and energy of music. After the building opened its doors in 2000, the Museum was added to it in 2004 science fiction and a hall of fame, and now the whole complex bears a single name - Experience Music Project and Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame.

The Science Fiction Museum exhibits a variety of science fiction books, magazines, newspapers and various items that were used for filming films. Among the "fantastic" items you can see the seat of Captain Kirk from the legendary TV series " Star Trek", The helmet of the evil Darth Vader from" Star wars", As well as a huge alien, 6 meters high, from the movie" Aliens ". http://www.empmuseum.org

3. BRITISH MUSIC EXPERIENCE - LONDON, ENGLAND

If you know the features of Noel Gallagher's favorite guitar and remember who Cliff Richards is, then you will get indescribable pleasure from visiting an interactive exhibition located in London's largest O2 arena. The museum was opened by the Scottish by The View in 2009.

Over 3000 photos and paintings, 600 video clips and the same number of items belonging to the stars of pop and rock music. There is also a collection of audio equipment from the 40s of the last century, an interactive studio, visitors have the opportunity to learn the "dance of the decade" (and all alone!), Try themselves as a DJ and learn everything about their favorite artist or band.

4. MUSICOGRAD - PARIS, FRANCE

The Music City is a group of institutions dedicated to music located in the La Villette quarter, in the 19th district of Paris. The structure was designed by the architect Christian de Portzamparc and opened in 1995. It houses a lecture hall, concert hall for 800–1000 seats, a music museum with a significant collection of instruments dating mainly from the 15th – 20th centuries, exhibition halls, premises for practical exercises and archives. The Music City, one of François Mitterrand's Great Projects, along with Parc La Villette, has reopened the former slaughterhouse area of ​​La Villette to the public.

5. BRAZIL MUSEUM OF WORLD MUSIC - SAN PAULO, BRAZIL

More than a million different releases are kept in this museum - here are the most large collection records throughout South America. This is an archive and research center - popular music from all countries and times is collected here. The artists featured here are not limited to those signed to labels - recordings by independent musicians can be found in the museum.

Also one of the museum's ambitions is to collect releases from every language group in the world. http://www.brazilworldmusicmuseum.com/

6. MUSEUM OF KALAKUTA - LAGOS, NIGERIA

In 2012, Lagos City Government converted the home of Afrobit legend Fela Kuti into a museum to “support cultural heritage and celebrate the 74th birthday ”of the multi-instrumentalist and human rights activist. The museum houses a huge collection of Kuti's clothing, instruments, recordings, and more.

7. MUSEUM RAMONES - BERLIN, GERMANY

The Ramones Museum in Berlin opened a year after Johnny Ramon's death on September 16, 2005. It was located on Solmsstrasse Street, and its exposition consisted of more than 300 items somehow related to the group, among which were unique and one-of-a-kind things.

On his website you can read the following: "You ask: why the hell was the first and only Ramones museum appeared not in New York, Los Angeles, London, Tokyo, Rome, Buenos Aires, but in Berlin, in Germany?" The history of the museum is connected with the name of Flo Heiler, who acquired the first things with the Ramones symbol at a Berlin concert in 1990 and could no longer stop, having managed to repeatedly personally communicate with the musicians.

In November 2007, the founder of the museum was forced to close it due to the exorbitantly increased rent, but less than a year later, on October 8, 2008, the institution opened in a new location - to this day it is located at Krausnickstraße 23. https: // www .ramonesmuseum.com /

8. BOB MARLEY HOUSE MUSEUM - KINGSTON, JAMAICA

Thousands of music lovers and tourists visit this brightest attraction of Kingston every year to learn more about the life lived by the legendary reggae performer.

The house behind a brick wall is painted with portraits of Marley. There is a sculpture in the courtyard - Bob Marley with his guitar. Newspaper clippings (with reports of the tour), numerous photographs, platinum and gold discs adorn the walls of the two-story building.

Everything has remained almost unchanged here: a bedroom with a spacious bed covered with a bedspread in red-yellow-green tones, and on it is a Bob Marley star-shaped guitar, a small kitchen. There are bullet holes on the walls, they remained from the time when there was an attempt to assassinate the singer in 1976. http://www.bobmarleymuseum.com/

9. JOHNNY KASH MUSEUM - NASHVILLE, USA

In the American capital of country music Nashville, the Johnny Cash Museum opened in 2013 in honor of the 80th anniversary of the legendary musician, who died in 2003. The opening of the museum was initiated by Bill Miller, a collector and expert on Cash's art.

Among the exhibits, among other things, there are also memorabilia that were in the first memorial museum Johnny Cash in Tennessee until 1999. This collection was donated to Miller by the country star family. The new museum is located on one of the central streets of Nashville - Lower Broadway.

"Bill Miller provided invaluable support to my father during his lifetime," said Johnny Cash's daughter. famous country singer Rosanna Cash - and his collection must be the most complete in the world. The exhibits of the museum have been selected in the highest degree professionally and academically. "

The musician's heirs plan to organize another museum - in the Cash family home in Disse, Arkansas. There, it is planned to restore the interiors in which Cash grew up in the 30s and 40s.

The Glinka Museum, or the Central Museum of Musical Culture, demonstrates huge collection instruments of all eras and peoples, the number of exhibits of which is approaching a thousand. From historical rarities to modern sound-producing devices, you can see it in this vast collection. The main building of the museum association was built specifically for this storage, the basis of which was made up of exhibits collected by enthusiasts from the Moscow Conservatory since its foundation in 1866.

The lobby of the Glinka Museum greets visitors with a bust of the great composer, score and text quotes from the author of the Patriotic Song, which for some time was the Russian anthem. The scores of this work are accompanied by an unofficial text, which, together with the music, claimed to be state symbol back in tsarist times.

Here, visitors get acquainted with the announcements of events, leave their outerwear, buy admission tickets to the permanent exhibition or thematic exhibitions. The main permanent exhibition located on the 2nd floor, temporary screenings on a variety of topics are organized on the 3rd floor.

The lobby houses one of the notable exhibits, a recent acquisition of the Glinka Museum - the European Orchestrion. This mechanical instrument recreates the sound of an instrumental orchestra, such devices were used in several European countries as musical accompaniment for dance events.

Musical instruments, located on the front side of a kind of orchestra, emit their characteristic sounds, while accordions even demonstrate the movement of bellows. In Russia, such instruments did not have distribution, the more interesting the acquaintance with the orchestrion is for our lovers of musical wonders.

The second floor, containing the main exposition of the Glinka Museum, begins with a spacious hall, where various exhibitions devoted to musical culture are held. The main decoration of the room is a picturesque colored stained-glass window, which is much larger on the outside of the building.

A massive staircase leads to the 3rd floor for themed temporary exhibitions. The composition of several bells reminds of the role of church ringing both in the life of the Russian people and in Glinka's musical preferences.

Also in the hall is an organ made by the German master Ladegast, which has been owned since 1868 by a descendant of the Khludovs' merchant family, the only surviving product of this master. Donated to the Moscow Conservatory and changing several more owners, the instrument was practically ruined.

The difficult restoration of the viscera of the organ was carried out in 1998 by Vilnius organ masters under the leadership of Gučas. Now this instrument is positioned as the oldest organ in Russia that has preserved its working capacity, and it is actually used in organ concerts organized by the Glinka Museum.

The permanent exhibition of the Glinka Museum, which tells about the history of origin and a wide variety of musical instruments of the peoples of the world, is located in five rooms on the second floor. They are visually separated from each other with different colors of the background of the shop windows. The division of the halls, representing the most ancient of the known instruments, is made according to the geographical principle. A separate hall is allocated to European exhibits with a division by country, the rest of the continents are divided inside another hall with the allocation of expositions of individual countries.

Further, the halls present instruments that differ in belonging to wind or symphonic, percussion and keyboard. Highlighted mechanical and electronic musical instruments, devices for sound recording and playback from various media.

Vintage European musical instruments

Whether this choice of the principle of demonstrating musical instruments is correct is for professionals to understand, but the differences in the method of sound extraction seem to be more fundamental and obvious than national and state ones. After all, the shape of the pipe, no matter how great the differences, is still recognizable.

You can't confuse a drum or other percussion instrument with anything else. And finding out information about the place of origin of an exhibit, attributing it to a certain type of musical instrument and other details is still carried out by the majority of visitors according to explanatory inscriptions.

Russian folk musical instruments are collected in the Glinka Museum in a large assortment and species diversity. Here are the instruments of other peoples inhabiting the national republics within the Russian Federation. Percussion instruments are widely represented - after all, they use the simplest, but varied in execution method of extracting sounds, from simple collisions of objects, for which even wooden spoons are used, to ratchets of various devices and designs.

Naturally, our ancestors had horns made of cow horns and pipes made of wood. Craftsmen could extract sounds even from a saw blade and a scythe blade, but this is more likely from the field of musical eccentricity. The main stringed instrument of the Russian people is the gusli, which has been used in Russia since time immemorial. The balalaika also belongs to the plucked string; for all the simplicity of the device, virtuosos perform any melodies on them. Finally, the Russian accordion has been the main folk instrument for a long time.

Stringed instruments of different peoples are visually similar, but the progenitor of all strings - the Scythian harp is different from other relatives. She does not yet have a resonating body and neck, and common feature is a way to extract sounds by playing the strings with your fingers.

Plucked string instruments have evolved from the ancient lyre and harp to the lute, domra, mandolin, balalaika, and guitar, which have remained most popular to this day. Harpsichords, pianos and grand pianos are also related to plucked string instruments of percussion on strings, for which they invented keys with a drive system.

In the renewed exposition, the European section has been replenished with instruments of Belarusians and Ukrainians, Moldovans and Baltic peoples. As before, the instruments of the Mediterranean and Scandinavian countries, Central and of Eastern Europe... Stringed instruments are exhibited both plucked and bowed, with different forms of resonating body and bow arrangement. The simplest xylophones represent a group of percussion instruments.

Bagpipes are presented in several versions, which are generally considered to be Scottish and Irish traditional instruments. This is indeed so, but other peoples also used a similar device with air fur and pipes with reed formation of sounds. These are the French musette, Portuguese gaita, duda and dudeizak of the countries of Eastern Europe.

Musical Instruments of Eastern Countries

The countries of the East were the first to invent bows for extracting sounds from taut strings, historians consider the musicians who lived in the territory of present-day Uzbekistan to be the pioneers. From here the bonds came to China and India, to the Arab countries and from them to the Pyrenees. Shepherd's violin of three strings - Rabelle, as well as viola with a large number strings. The latter were later supplanted by violins and their larger relatives. Oriental string instruments often feature longer necks, although there are designs with shorter necks.

The wind and percussion instruments of the Eastern peoples are very diverse. Bamboo trunks and other hollow plant stems were often used for winds. Percussion instruments also made from tree trunks, hollowing out the core. Dressed animal skins were also used, stretched over frames made of various materials. In addition to stationary drums, hand drummers such as tambourines, sometimes supplemented by bells, were popular.

The Japanese originality of the national dress is much more striking than the differences between Japanese musical instruments and all others. Japanese percussion instruments were usually placed on figured stands; different materials were used for the cases, even porcelain and other ceramics. Strings and wind instruments have forms close to traditional for other peoples, and it is difficult to invent something different in these areas.

Eastern countries used a variety of materials to make musical instruments, from stone, wood, and metal to silk, leather, and even hollowed-out pumpkin shells. The local craftsmen paid special attention to the external design of their products, their decorative appeal.

Painting and carving, traditional for every nation, also adorned musical instruments; it is by these elements that it is easiest to identify xylophones, drums and other instruments from those belonging to the culture of other countries.

An old violin workshop at the Glinka Museum

The creation of violins and other bowed instruments has been a long time ago and is now a work of high complexity. Preparing wood for various parts and parts of tools required a mastery of many technological operations - cutting and drilling, measurements and various methods of joining parts. The instruments and devices necessary for this work are presented on the violin maker's workbench in the recreated interior of the musical instrument making workshop.

Violin craftsmen could make pieces of all sizes, from violin and viola to cello and giant double bass. The violin could also be either classical sizes or half or even four times smaller.

In the room restored in the Glinka Museum, you can see all the stages of making instruments, from a wooden board to a finished violin or cello. You can see all the components - the front and back deck and the shell connecting them, the neck with the neck and the bridge for laying the strings.

Classical musical instruments of the Glinka Museum

The instruments used by contemporary musicians are presented to the visitors of the Glinka Museum in several expositions. Components for symphony and brass bands, accessories musical ensembles of various composition. Strings - bowed and keyboards coexist with horns, wood and copper.

One of the museum corners contains genuine treasures - a concert harp and a collectible piano for home use. The perfectly balanced harp is stable on its small base, the resonator made of precious wood is in harmony with the gilding of the column and neck, the shape of which is especially whimsical and attractive.

Showcases of bowed instruments are located on the sides of the painting depicting the greatest violinist Niccolo Paganini, the Genoese. It was this violinist and composer who developed the technique of playing the violin, which has remained practically unchanged to this day.

In addition to the violin, Paganini also had an impeccable command of the mandolin and guitar. Popular own compositions great performer, written for both violin and guitar. The world's most popular violin competition is annually held in Paganini's homeland, in Genoa, Italy.

A showcase of classic wind instruments shows them in order of increasing size, with varieties of wood instruments on display first, then copper ones. This division has been preserved since ancient times and now does not correspond to reality - the wooden flutes, clarinets, oboes and bassoons included in the group can be made far from only wood. They can be plastic and metal, flutes - even glass. The saxophone, which was considered by musicologists to be wooden according to the principle of operation, had no ancient analogs, and was always made of metal.

On the other hand, copper tools were made only from this metal only at the dawn of the development of metallurgy; now copper alloys or silver are used. The group of brass instruments includes trumpet, French horn, trombone and tuba. Instruments in this series are of increasing size and complexity. The trombone, which has a movable curtain for a smooth change in pitch, stands somewhat apart.

Almost all wind instruments are included, in addition to brass bands, in symphony orchestras and ensembles. Dixielands and jazz bands also use them.

The combination of stretched strings and percussion mechanisms controlled by the keyboard is typical for concert musical instruments, which include pianos, grand pianos and upright pianos. Some experts consider grand pianos and upright pianos to be varieties of pianos, characterized by horizontal or vertical arrangement of strings.

Since the middle of the last century, only grand pianos and pianos have been produced, traditional pianos, which have less expressive possibilities due to the shorter length of the strings, have gone down in history. Grand pianos are mainly used in concert activities as a vocal accompaniment or independently, a piano - for home or chamber music.

On display in the Glinka Museum and the predecessors of the current keyboard instruments, both strings and reeds. Strings include percussion clavichord and plucked harpsichord, while reed harmoniums are related to harmonics, button accordions and accordions. The first instrument with air bellows was the tabletop harmonica of Kirchner, a Czech who worked in Russia. Unlike her and our familiar hand instruments, the bellows of the harmonium were operated by foot pedals.

From organ to synthesizer

The last hall of the Glinka Museum presents several instruments that are not included in the ensembles and orchestras, ancient means of reproducing recorded sounds. Here are presented unique exhibits, which are quite rare in the collections of museums and private individuals. Among them, the organ stands out, which many have heard of, but not all visitors have seen.

According to the device, the instrument is a small organ, air injection and the operation of the sound mechanism are provided by rotating the handle on the body. Hurdy-gurdy used by wandering musicians, their sounds accompanied the performances of booth circus performers.

The creation of the first sound recording and reproducing devices has a concrete pioneer, the famous inventor Edison. The phonograph he designed in 1877 provided recording and reproduction of sounds with a sharp needle on a roller wrapped in tin foil or covered with wax paper.

Recording on a flat round plate was invented by Berliner, the sound was reproduced by devices with an external horn - a gramophone. Apparatuses with a horn hidden in the case were produced by the Pathé firm, hence the name of the gramophone. Further progress in sound recording was rapid: magnetic tapes, laser discs, high quality digital sound recordings.

A rare photoelectronic sound synthesizer ANS, named after the initials of the great composer Scriabin, was invented by the Russian Murzin back in the late 1930s, and was made only in 1963. The unusual sounds of this device can be remembered by viewers of the fantastic films of Tarkovsky and Gaidai's Diamond Hand.

The music on it was created by the composer without writing notes and involving the orchestra. Synthesizers also developed rapidly, with the invention of transistors becoming compact and affordable. Now all musical groups of various genres have synthesizers.

Another notable exhibit of the Glinka Museum is the gigantic drum set of the musician and composer, tireless experimenter R. Shafi. Manual control of such a complex set of drums and drums is clearly impossible,

Shafi invented a unique control pedal Serpent Gorynych, which, due to the number of instruments served, ended up in the Guinness Book. There are other interesting exhibits in this section, including personal instruments of famous musicians.

A visit to the Glinka Museum may seem unnecessary after a story about him, but this impression is extremely erroneous. There are many interesting things here that are difficult to describe in a cursory review; there are new and interesting forms of work with visitors. It is informative and interesting to visit here for people with any level of interest and understanding of music, after visiting this interest will definitely increase.